Kidney Disease in Diabetes.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- End User License Agreement -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Dedication -- List of Contributors -- Obesity, Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights into an Evolving Epidemic -- Dimple Shah, Nerraj Hotchandani and Subodh J Saggi* -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- LIMITATIONS OF EPI-CKD EQUATION -- DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE -- Lifestyle Modifications -- Glucose Lowering Agents -- New Drug Therapies -- Next Steps in DKD -- OBESITY AND CKD -- Obesity as an Independent Risk Factor -- Pathophysiological Implications -- Impact on Young Adults -- Managing CKD in Obese Individuals with Hypertension -- WORLDWIDE CKD AND ESRD -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Diabetic Kidney Disease: Ethnic and Gender Disparities and Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment -- Barbara G. Delano* -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITION AND ETIOLOGY OF CKD -- ETHNIC AND GENDER DISPARITIES IN CKD -- CKD AND DIABETES FROM A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE -- TREATMENT OF CKD IN DIABETIC PATIENTS -- Blood Pressure -- Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA) -- Acidosis -- Cardiac Assessment -- Timing -- Iron -- Vitamin D: CKD-Mineral Bone Disease (CKD-MBD): -- Eat (Diet) -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chronic Kidney Disease in the Elderly: Special Considerations and Therapeutic Strategies -- Mary Mallappallil*, Muneer Mohamed and Eli A. Friedman -- PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES IN THE ELDERLY -- ESTIMATING KIDNEY FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY -- RISK FACTORS FOR CKD IN THE ELDERLY -- RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN THE ELDERLY INCLDUING MEDICAL THERAPY -- Timing to Start RRT -- Should we Start RRT in the very Elderly Non-Selectively? -- HOME BASED THERAPIES AS A SUITABLE OPTION.

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) -- Kidney Transplantation -- SPECIAL PROBLEMS WITH CKD IN THE ELDERLY INCLUDING RRT OTIONS -- Limited Evidence Based Information in the very Elderly -- Conservative Therapy -- Depression -- Cognitive Decline -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluation and Management -- Anna Y. Groysman1, Dale Railwah2, Daniel Abraham3, Moro. O. Salifu4 and Samy I. McFarlane5,* -- INTRODUCTION -- The Evolving Definition of Post-Transplant Diabetes after Renal Transplant -- The Current Definition of Post-Transplantation Diabetes after Renal Transplant -- Diagnostic Criteria of PTDM -- Incidence -- The Pathophysiological Mechanism of PTDM -- Risk Factors of PTDM -- Immunosuppressive Therapy -- Genetics -- Other Risk Factors -- Pre-Transplant Screening and Improving PTDM risk -- Post-transplant Screening -- Complications and Comorbidities -- Survival -- Cardiovascular -- Allograft Survival -- Other Complications -- Management -- Recent findings on PTDM -- Currently active research studies on PTDM -- Questions that Remain -- The Cost of PTDM -- Quality Improvement Measures -- Summary -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation and Therapeutic Implications -- Supreeya Swarup1, David Bass2, Roman Zeltser3,4, Navneet Sharma5 and Amgad N. Makaryus3,4,* -- INTRODUCTION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Pathophysiology of Accelerated CAD in Patients with CKD -- Assessment for CVD in CKD Patients -- Treatment Strategies and Prevention (Fig. 2) -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease -- Navneet Sharma1, Justin Lee2 and Isabel M. McFarlane2,*.

INTRODUCTION -- PATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE -- METABOLIC PATHWAYS -- Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products -- Transforming Growth Factor-ß (TGFß) -- Therapeutic Targets of AGE -- Protein Kinase C (PKC) -- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -- Therapeutic Targets of ROS -- HEMODYNAMIC PATHWAYS -- Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) -- Therapeutic Targets of RAAS -- Nuclear Mineralocorticoid Receptor (NMR) Antagonist -- Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors -- Other Hemodynamic Vasoconstrictors -- Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (ETA) -- Thromboxane A2 Receptor (TXA2R) Antagonist -- Hemodynamic Vasodilators -- Neprilysin Inhibitors (NEPi) -- Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Inhibitors -- INTERACTION BETWEEN METABOLIC AND HEMODYNAMIC PATHWAYS -- Multifactorial Therapeutic Targets of Metabolic and Hemodynamic Pathway -- INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS -- Chemokines -- Adhesion Molecules -- Cytokines and their Receptors -- TNF-α in DKD -- Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors -- Targeting Apoptosis -- Anti-Fibrotic Agents -- TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS -- Treatment of Hyperglycemia -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Proteinuria and Albuminuria as CVD Markers in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation and Management -- Marius C. Florescu1,*, Irini Youssef2, Aarti Shenoy2 and Jay L. Hawkins2 -- DEFINITION AND PREVALENCE -- Diagnosis -- Methods of Proteinuria Measurement -- Cardiovascular Disease in CKD -- Moderately Increased Microalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes -- Moderately Increased Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes -- Moderately Increased Albuminuria as a CVD Marker -- Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disease -- Management of Albuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes -- Glucose Control -- Angiotensin Blockade -- Screening -- Primary Prevention -- Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease.

Management of Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes -- Glucose Control -- Angiotensin Blockade -- Screening -- Primary Prevention -- Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease -- Management of Albuminuria in CKD -- Blood Pressure Control -- Angiotensin Blockade -- Dyslipidemia -- Reduction of CVD Risk in CKD -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Biomarkers as Clinical Tools for Evaluation of Kidney Disease in Diabetes -- Fahad Aziz2,*, Isabel M. McFarlane3 and Adam Whaley-Connell1,2 -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE -- BIOMARKERS TO EVALUATE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE -- A. Biomarkers of Glomerular Damage -- Serum Creatinine -- Urine Albumin Excretion -- Transferrin -- Type IV Collagen -- Fibronectin -- Cystatin C -- B. Tubular Damage Markers -- Kidney Injury Marker-1 (KIM-1) -- Liver- type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L-FABP) -- C. Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress -- Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) -- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) -- Beta- Trace Protein (BTP) -- Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress -- OTHER BIOMARKERS -- Urinary Peptidomes -- Podocin mRNA -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Glycemic Control and CKD: Evaluation of the Risk/Benefit Ratio: Optimal Therapeutic Strategies -- Gül Bahtiyar1,2,3,*, Harold Lebovitz3 and Alan Sacerdote1,2,3 -- INTRODUCTION -- Glycemic Control -- Glycemic Goal in CKD -- Treatment -- The Non-Pharmacologic Therapies: -- CONCLUSION -- SUMMARY &amp -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Nutrition in CKD Patients Who are Obese -- Neeraj Hotchandani, Dimple Shah and Subodh J. Saggi* -- INTRODUCTION -- OBESITY IN CKD AND WEIGHT LOSS.

MACRONUTRIENTS AND ELECTROLYTES -- Water and Sodium -- CKD-MBD: Calcium, Phosphorous, PTH and FGF23 -- Potassium -- Acidosis -- Lipids -- Protein -- Based on Recommendation from K/DOQI [1] -- Carbohydrates and Fiber (Table 2) -- NUTRITIONAL ABNORMALITIES IN ADVANCED CKD AND ESRD -- Derangements in Metabolism Leading to Protein-Energy Wasting Syndrome -- Undernutrition -- Inflammation and Resting Energy Expenditure -- Insulin and IGF-1 -- Testosterone -- Acidosis and Glucocorticoids in PEW -- Comorbidities, Physical Inactivity, and Lifestyle Changes -- Dialysis -- Weight Gain and Outcomes in ESRD -- Index -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Role of RAAS Inhibitors in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Diabetic Population -- Brandon D. Barthel1, Peminda K. Cabandugama1, Darshan S. Khangura1, L. Romayne Kurukulasuriya1 and James R. Sowers1,2,3,* -- BACKGROUND AND EPIDEMIOLOGY -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CKD IN DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) -- RISK FACTORS FOR CKD IN DM -- RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM (RAAS) - NORMAL AND MALADAPTIVE -- STAGES OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY - MICROALBUMINURIA, MACROALBUMINURIA, CKD -- THE IMPORTANCE OF BLOCKING THE RAAS WITH CKD -- ACE INHIBITORS -- Mechanism of Action -- Adverse Effects -- Cough -- Hyperkalemia -- Angioedema -- ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS -- ACE-I VS ARB HEAD TO HEAD EFFICACY -- DUAL BLOCKADE WITH ACE-I AND ARB -- DIRECT RENIN INHIBITORS -- CONCLUSION -- FUNDING -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Diabetic Kidney Disease: Future Directions -- Moro O. Salifu and Samy I. McFarlane* -- INTRODUCTION -- Major Ongoing Clinical Trials with Primary Renal Outcomes -- Finerenone: A Novel Nonsteroidal MRA in Clinical Trials -- Novel Antidiabetic Therapy with Reno-Protective Effects.

CONCLUSION.

This reference work provides comprehensive information about diabetic nephropathy. Chapters in the book introduce the reader to the link between diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and delve into many topics relevant to treating kidney disease in diabetic patients. These topics include CKD epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment considerations for the elderly patient, post-transplant diabetes, pathophysiology, biomarkers and much more. Special topics such as the incidence of cardiovascular disease in diabetic CKD, nutrition for obese CKD patients and the clinical use of biomarkers for evaluating cases are also included. The broad spectrum coverage of informative topics about diabetic kidney disease make this an essential reference for medical students and clinical residents/healthcare professionals in nephrology, endocrinology, geriatrics, internal medicine and general surgery. Researchers interested in the clinical biochemistry of diabetes and associated disorders will also benefit from the information presented.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.