Deer : Habitat, Behavior and Conservation.

Intro -- DEERHABITAT, BEHAVIORAND CONSERVATION -- ANIMAL SCIENCE, ISSUES ANDPROFESSIONS -- DEERHABITAT, BEHAVIORAND CONSERVATION -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1. INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENICDISTURBANCES ON ACTIVITY, BEHAVIORAND HEART RATE OF ROE DEER(CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS) AND RED DEER(CERVUS ELAPHUS), IN CONTEXT OF THEIRDAILY AND YEARLY PATTERNS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Objectives -- 1.2. Fundamentals of Researching Stress in Wild Animals -- 1.2.1. Definition of Disturbance -- 1.2.2. Definition of Stress -- 1.2.3. Relevance of Investigating Stress in Animals -- 1.2.4. Measuring Stress -- 1.2.5. Habituation and Sensitization -- 1.2.6. Vigilance -- 1.3. Activity Patterns -- 1.3.1. Seasonal Activity Patterns -- 1.3.2. Circadian Rhythms -- 2.MATERIAL AND METHODS -- 2.1. The Deer Investigated -- 2.2. Enclosure for Disturbance Trials -- 2.3. Disturbance Trials -- 2.4. Data Acquisition and Interpretation of the Data -- 2.4.1. Analysis of the Long-Term Recordings -- 2.4.2. Analysis of the Short-Term Recordings -- 2.4.3. Analysis of Video Recordings -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. Basic Activity and Heart Rate Patterns -- 3.1.1. Roe Deer -- 3.1.1.1. Circadian and Seasonal Rhythms of Activity and Heart Rate -- 3.1.1.2. Influencing Factors on Activity and Heart Rate -- 3.1.1.3. Food Intake -- 3.1.1.4. Sleep -- 3.1.2. Red Deer -- 3.1.2.1. Circadian and Seasonal Rhythms of Activity and Heart Rate -- 3.1.2.2. Influencing Factors on Activity and Heart Rate -- 3.1.2.3. Food Intake -- 3.1.2.4. Sleep -- 3.2. Disturbance Trials -- 3.2.1. Roe Deer -- 3.2.1.1. Choice of Bedding Site -- 3.2.1.2. Activity -- Total Activity -- Number and Length of Resting Phases -- Resting Phases during the Course of the Day -- Activation through Disturbance Trials -- Influence of Daytime and Season on Activation of Roe Deer.

Dependence of Roe Deer Activation on Type of Disturbance -- Duration of Activation -- Dependence of Duration of Activation on Type of Disturbance -- 3.2.1.3. Behavior -- 3.2.1.4. Heart Rate -- Influence of Season on Heart Rate -- Circadian Rhythm -- Resting Heart Rate -- Influence of Daytime and Season on Resting Heart Rate of Roe Deer -- Influence of Number of Disturbance Trials Per Day on RestingHeart Rate of Roe Deer -- Influence of Disturbance Type on Heart Rate Reactions of Roe Deer -- 3.2.2. Red Deer -- 3.2.2.1. Choice of Bedding Site -- Choice of Bedding Site after Disturbances -- 3.2.2.2. Activity -- Circadian Rhythm -- Total Activity -- Number and Length of Resting Phases -- Resting Phases during the Course of the Day -- Activation through Disturbance Trials -- Influence of Daytime on Activation of Red Deer -- Dependence of Red Deer Activation on Type of Disturbance -- Duration of Activation -- Dependence of Duration of Activation on Type of Disturbance -- 3.2.2.3. Behavior -- 3.2.2.4. Heart Rate -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Circadian and Seasonal Rhythms of Activity and Heart Rate -- Roe Deer -- Red Deer -- 4.2. Lunar Cycles -- 4.3. Disturbance Trials -- 4.3.1. Impact of Stimuli Types -- Roe Deer -- Red Deer -- Species Comparison (Parallels, Differences, and General ReactionPatterns of the Species after Disturbances) -- 4.3.2. Influence of Season and Time of Day -- 4.3.3. Compensation Strategies -- 4.3.4. Habituation -- 4.3.5. Synchronization of Behavior -- 4.3.6. Bedding Sites -- Roe Deer -- Red Deer -- 4.3.7. Methodological Aspects -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. DEER AS BIOMONITORS OF RADIOACTIVECONTAMINATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DETERMINATION OF RADIONUCLIDES -- SOURCES OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- RADIONULIDE CONTENT IN DEER -- Naturally Occuring Radionuclides.

Anthropogenic Radionuclides -- TRANSFER OF RADIONUCLIDES TO DEER -- REMEDIATION -- RADIATION DOSE TO DEER -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. HUNTED RED DEER MANAGEMENT:ANEWTOOL FOR POPULATION SURVEY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEER MANAGEMENT IN FRANCE DURINGTHE RECENT DECADES: AN ASSESSMENT -- THE 'YHR'METHOD -- PROTOCOL -- TWO CASE STUDIES -- Study on Broceliande Forest (Brittany) -- Study on Indre District (Centre Région) -- Control of The Actual Cull -- Survey of YHR -- Survey of Physical Condition -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. LEAD POISONING FROM AMMUNITION:SEARCHING FOR THE MAGIC BULLET -- ABSTRACT -- LEAD SHOT OVER WETLANDS -- LEAD BULLETS AND TERRESTRIAL HABITATS -- HUMAN HEALTH IMPACTS -- ALTERNATIVES TO LEAD BULLETS -- Toxicity -- Safety -- Lethality -- Availability -- Cost -- To Regulate, or Not to Regulate -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. TWO GENETICALLY DISTINCT, ENDEMICSUBSPECIES OF DEER FROM KOREA(CHINESE WATER DEER HYDROPOTESINERMIS ARGYROPUS AND SIBERIAN ROEDEER CAPREOLUS PYGARGUS OCHRACEA),EXAMINED WITH NUCLEAR DNAIRBP ANDMITOCHONDRIAL DNACYTOCHROME BAND CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES, ANDTHEIR CONSERVATIONIN KOREA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- Chinese Water Deer -- Siberian Roe Deer -- DISCUSSION -- Chinese Water Deer -- Siberian Roe Deer -- CONSERVATION OF TWO ENDEMIC SUBSPECIESOF DEER IN KOREA -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6. EFFECTS OF SIKA DEER ON VEGETATION INJAPAN WITH REFERENCE TO DIFFERENCESBETWEEN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERNJAPAN -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- I. NORTHERN JAPAN -- Snow and Sika Deer -- Effects on Vegetation -- The Zoysia japonica Community -- New Phases -- II. SOUTHEASTERN JAPAN -- Ecology of Southern Sika Deer -- Islands Inhabited by Sika Deer -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

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