Vegetarian and Plant-Based Diets in Health and Disease Prevention.
Material type:
- text
- computer
- online resource
- 9780128039694
- 613.2/62
- RM236.V444 2017
Front Cover -- Vegetarian and Plant-Based Diets in Health and Disease Prevention -- Vegetarian and Plant-Based Diets in Health and Disease Prevention -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 - Setting the Scene - General Features Associated With Vegetarian Diets -- 1 - Vegetarian Diets: Definitions and Pitfalls in Interpreting Literature on Health Effects of Vegetarianism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Underlying Motivation of Plant-Based and Vegetarian Diets -- 3. Definitions -- 4. Methodological Pitfalls in Interpreting the Literature on Health Effects of Vegetarian Diets -- 4.1 Heterogeneity in Dietary Composition -- 4.2 Self-Defined Vegetarianism Versus "Measured" Degree of Avoidance of Specific Animal Foods -- 4.3 Confounding -- 4.4 Is the Study Sample Representative for the Concerned Base Population? -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 2 - Attitudes Toward Meat and Plants in Vegetarians -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Studies Comparing Attitudes Among "Vegetarians" to Meat Eaters -- 2.1 Limitations to Studies Comparing Attitudes Among "Vegetarians" to Meat Eaters -- 2.2 Summary -- 3. Differences in Attitudes Toward Meat Between Varying Types of Vegetarians -- 3.1 Semivegetarians Versus True Vegetarians -- 3.2 Vegans Versus Other Vegetarians -- 3.3 Health Versus Ethical Vegetarians -- 4. The Role of Values -- 5. The Role of Attitudes Toward Meat in Becoming a Vegetarian and in Maintaining a Vegetarian Diet -- 5.1 Vegetarian Diet and Dissonance Theory -- 5.2 Vegetarian Diet and Moralization -- 5.3 Vegetarian Diet and Social Identity -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- 3 - Nutrition Knowledge of Vegetarians -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Vegetarians as Unwitting Nutrition Educators -- 2. Defining Nutrition Knowledge -- 3. Transcultural Considerations -- 4. Measuring Nutrition Knowledge in Vegetarians.
5. Nutrition Knowledge of Vegans as Compared to Ovolactovegetarians -- 6. Nutrition Knowledge of Vegetarians as Compared to Nonvegetarians -- 7. Nutrition Knowledge of Ethically Oriented as Compared to Health-Oriented Vegetarians -- 8. Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Behavior Among Vegetarians -- 9. Nutrition Knowledge and the Process of Becoming a Vegetarian -- 10. Discussion -- 10.1 Does Nutrition Knowledge Precede or Result From Vegetarianism or Both? -- 10.2 Synthesis -- References -- 4 - Vegetarianism and Eating Disorders -- 1. Defining Terminology -- 1.1 Defining Meat Avoidance -- 1.2 The Motive for Meat Avoidance -- 2. Vegetarianism and Restrained Eating -- 2.1 Defining Restrained Eating -- 2.2 Specific Findings -- 2.3 Summary -- 3. Vegetarianism and Disordered Eating -- 3.1 Defining Disordered Eating -- 3.2 Specific Findings -- 3.3 Summary -- 4. Vegetarianism and Clinical Eating Disorders -- 4.1 Defining Clinical Eating Disorders -- 4.2 Anorexia Nervosa and Vegetarianism -- 4.3 Bulimia Nervosa and Vegetarianism -- 4.4 Summary -- 5. Is Vegetarianism a (Causal) Risk Factor for Eating Pathology? -- 5.1 Clinical Implications -- 5.2 Areas of Future Study -- 5.2.1 Cultural Variation -- 5.2.2 Gender -- 6. Final Summary -- References -- 5 - Cognitive Processes Underlying Vegetarianism as Assessed by Brain Imaging -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quantitative Methods in Neuroscience -- 3. Vegetarianism and Social Cognitive Neuroscience -- 3.1 Vegetarianism and Motivation -- 3.2 Vegetarianism and Empathy -- 3.3 Vegetarianism, Affect System, and Cognition -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- 6 - Geographic Aspects of Vegetarianism: Vegetarians in India -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Vegetarianism and Nutrition Transition in India -- 1.2 Types of Vegetarian Diet Consumption in India and States -- 1.3 Nutritional Profile of Vegetarian Diets in India.
2. Health Implications of Vegetarianism in India -- 2.1 Prevalence of Diabetes and Obesity According to Types of Vegetarian Diet Consumption -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- 7 - Religious Variations in Vegetarian Diets and Impact on Health Status of Children: Perspectives From Traditional Vegetarian Societies -- 1. Religion and Diet -- 2. The Relationship Between Religion and Diet -- 3. Vegetarian Diet and Health: Evidence From Religion-Based Studies -- 4. Vegetarianism and Child Health: Impact of Fetal Nutritional Environment -- 5. Vegetarian Diet During Childhood -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 8 - Dietary Transition: Longterm Trends, Animal Versus Plant Energy Intake, and Sustainability Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Food Systems -- 2.1 Production -- 2.2 Consumption -- 2.3 The Composition of Food Commodities -- 2.4 The Food System and Natural Resources -- 2.5 Efficiency of Meat Production: the Example of Water Footprints of Meat -- 2.6 Food Supply and Income -- 2.7 Trends -- 2.8 Future Changes -- 2.9 The Impact on Natural Resources -- 3. Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- 9 - Plant-Based Diets for Mitigating Climate Change -- 1. What Is the Diet-Climate Connection? -- 2. How Can Diets Be Measured to Assess Their Climate Impact? -- 3. How Can Climate Impact Be Measured and Attributed to Diet? -- 3.1 How Can We Measure the Climate Impact of GHGs from Diets? -- 3.2 Why is Methane So Important for Understanding the Climate Impact of Diets? -- 3.3 Is CO2 from Respiration a Greenhouse Gas? -- 3.4 How Does Diet Contribute to Nitrous Oxide Emissions? -- 4. What Do We Know About the Relative Climate Impact of Different PBDs? -- 4.1 What Functional Unit Can Be Used to Compare GHGE of Different Diets? -- 4.2 How Do the GHGE of Existing Diets Compare? -- 4.3 What Can Model Diets Tell Us?.
4.4 What Are the GHGE of Different Foods? -- 4.5 What Are the Climate Impacts of the Effect of PBDs via the Healthcare System? -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 - Barriers to Increasing Plant Protein Consumption in Western Populations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Consumption and Cultural Place of Plant Proteins in Western Food Cultures -- 3. Are Consumers Trying to Change Their Use of Meat and Pulses? -- 4. Barriers to Increasing Plant-Based Protein Consumption -- 5. Solutions: How Could Plant Protein Consumption Increase? -- References -- 2 - Setting the Scene - Specific Dietary Characteristics of Vegetarian Diet and Their Relation to Health -- 11 - Dietary Patterns in Plant-Based, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Diets -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defining and Typical Differences Between Plant-Based, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Diets -- 2.1 Selection of a Representative Set of Vegetarians -- 2.2 Reference Groups -- 2.3 Composition of the Restricted Diets -- 3. Dietary Quality Models -- 3.1 Mediterranean Diet Score -- 3.2 The Healthy Eating Index -- 3.3 Diet in Relation to Disability Adjusted Lost Years (DALYs): Adjustment of the Weight of the Components -- 3.4 Comparison of Importance of the Components Over the Three Models -- 3.5 Diet Quality and Relative Risks -- 4. Diet Quality Measures and Vegetarian Diets -- 5. Death Rates and Vegetarian Diets -- 6. Recommendations for Dietary Quality Indices for Vegan and Other Vegetarian Diets -- 7. Conclusions -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- 12 - Meat Consumption and Health Outcomes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Meat Consumption and Obesity -- 3. Red and Processed Meat Consumptions and Cancer Risk -- 3.1 Epidemiological Evidence -- 3.2 Meat and Cancer-Specific Mortality -- 3.3 Red and Processed Meat Consumptions and Cancer Risk: Mechanistic Hypotheses.
4. Meat Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes -- 4.1 Epidemiological Evidence -- 4.2 Meat and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Mechanistic Hypotheses -- 5. Meat Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality -- 5.1 Meat Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) -- 5.2 Meat Consumption and the Risk of Stroke -- 5.3 Meat Consumption and Cardiovascular Mortality -- 5.4 Meat and CVD Risk/Mortality: Mechanistic Hypotheses -- 6. Meat Consumption and All-Cause Mortality -- 7. Meat Consumption and Bone Health -- 7.1 Protein Intake and Risk of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) or Bone Mineral Content (BMC) -- 7.2 Protein Intake, Including Meat, and Risk of Fracture -- 7.3 Protein Intake and Bone Health: Mechanistic Hypotheses -- 8. Conclusion and Future Trends -- References -- 13 - Fruits, Vegetables, and Health: Evidence From Meta-analyses of Prospective Epidemiological Studies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Search Strategy -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Mortality -- 3.2 Cardiovascular Disease -- 3.2.1 Coronary Heart Disease -- 3.2.2 Stroke -- 3.3 Obesity -- 3.4 Diabetes -- 3.5 Other Diseases -- 3.5.1 Asthma -- 3.5.2 Dementia -- 3.5.3 Depression -- 3.6 Cancer -- 3.6.1 Bladder Cancer -- 3.6.2 Breast Cancer -- 3.6.3 Lung Cancer -- 3.6.4 Colorectal Cancer -- 3.6.5 Colorectal Adenoma -- 3.6.6 Prostate Cancer -- 3.6.7 Gastric Cancer -- 3.6.8 Esophageal Cancer -- 3.6.9 Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- 3.6.10 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma -- 3.6.11 Pancreatic Cancer -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Confounding Factors -- 4.2 Interaction With Smoking -- 4.3 Subtypes of Fruits and Vegetables -- 4.4 Limitations -- 4.5 Causality -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 14 - Whole Grains and Disease Risk -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Whole Grain Definition and Types -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 Structure and Composition of a Grain -- 2.3 Whole Grain in Human Diet -- 2.4 Effect of Refining on Chemical Composition.
3. Whole Grain and Cardiovascular Disease.
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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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