The Eureka! Moment : 100 Key Scientific Discoveries of the 20th Century.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Author's Preface and Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- LIST OF PLATES -- INTRODUCTION -- MEDICINE -- The Yellow Fever Virus (Reed, 1900) -- Blood Groups (Landsteiner, 1901) -- Vitamins (Hopkins, 1912) -- Insulin (Banting and Best, 1922) -- Brain Waves (Berger, 1929) -- Penicillin (Fleming, 1929) -- Sulphonamides (Domagk, 1935) -- Rejection of Transplants (Gibson and Medawar, 1943) -- Sickle Cell Anaemia (Pauling et al, 1949) -- Smoking Causes Lung Cancer (Doll and Hill, 1950 -- Wynder and Graham, 1950) -- The Polio Vaccine (Salk, 1953) -- Interferons (Isaacs and Lindemann, 1957 -- Isaacs et al, 1957) -- Prions (Prusiner et al, 1983) -- HIV (Barre-Sinoussi et al, 1983) -- Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al, 1985) -- Embryonic Stem Cells Grown Artificially (Gearhart, 1997) -- HISTORY OF LIFE -- First Clues About How Life Began (Miller, 1953) -- The Early Presence of Life on Earth (Mojzsis et al, 1996) -- The Origin of Higher Organisms (Sagan, 1967) -- Nemesis of the Dinosaurs (Alvarez et al, 1980) -- 'Lucy' (Johanson and Taieb, 1976) -- The 'Taung Child' (Dart, 1925) -- BIOLOGY -- Conditioned Reflexes (Pavlov, 1906) -- Bacteriophages (d'Herelle, 1917) -- The Vertebrate Organiser (Spemann and Mangold, 1924) -- Urease (Sumner, 1926) -- Progesterone (Corner and Allen, 1929) -- The Krebs Cycle (Krebs and Johnson, 1937) -- ATP (Lipmann, 1941) -- Bee Dances (von Frisch, 1946) -- Evolution Driven by Competition (Lack, 1947) -- How Nerves Work (Hodgkin et al, 1952 -- Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952) -- The Chemical Composition of Insulin (Sanger and Thompson, 1953) -- The Structure of Vitamin B12 (Hodgkin et al, 1956) -- The Calvin Cycle in Photosynthesis (Calvin, 1962) -- Monoclonal Antibodies (Kohler and Milstein, 1975) -- GENETICS -- One Gene-One Enzyme (Garrod, 1909).

Genes on Chromosomes (Morgan, 1910) -- Genes are Made of DNA (Avery et al, 1944) -- Gene Recombination in Bacteria (Lederberg and Tatum, 1946) -- Transposons (McClintock, 1951) -- The DNA Double Helix (Watson and Crick, 1953) -- The Central Dogma (Crick, 1958) -- The Nature of the DNA Code (Crick et al, 1961) -- The Operon (Jacob and Monod, 1961) -- Reverse Transcriptase (Baltimore, 1970 -- Temin and Mitsuzani, 1970) -- Oncogenes (Martin, 1970) -- Sequencing a Genome (Sanger et al, 1977) -- The Antibody Problem (Tonegawa, 1983) -- Homeobox Genes (McGinnis et al, 1984) -- DNA Fingerprints (Jeffreys et al, 1985) -- 'Dolly', the Cloned Sheep (Wilmut et al, 1997) -- ASTRONOMY AND COSMOLOGY -- Galaxies (Hubble, 1925) -- The Expanding Universe (Hubble, 1929) -- Pluto (Tombaugh, 1930) -- What Makes Stars Shine (Bethe and Critchfield, 1938 -- Bethe, 1939) -- The Age of the Solar System (Patterson, 1955) -- The Origin of the Chemical Elements (Burbidge et al, 1957) -- Quasars (Hazard et al, 1963 -- Schmidt, 1963 -- Oke, 1963 -- Greenstein and Matthews, 1963) -- Proof of the Big Bang (Penzias and Wilson, 1965) -- Pulsars (Hewish et al, 1968) -- Organic Molecules in Interstellar Space (Snyder et al, 1969) -- Gamma-Ray Bursters (Djorgovski et al, 1997 -- Metzger et al, 1997) -- Planets Orbiting Other Stars (Mayor and Queroz, 1997) -- The Age of the Universe (Freedman et al, 2000) -- EARTH SCIENCES -- The Earth's Core (Oldham, 1906) -- The Moho (Mohorovicic, 1909) -- The Ionosphere (Appleton and Barnett, 1925) -- Plate Tectonics (Morgan, 1968) -- Methane Clathrate in the Ocean Depths (Hollister et al, 1972) -- Black Smokers (Spiess et al, 1980) -- The Ozone Hole (Farman et al, 1985) -- CHEMISTRY -- The Haber Process (Haber, 1909) -- Chemical Bonds (Lewis, 1916) -- Polymers (Staudinger and Fritschi, 1922) -- Plutonium (McMillan and Abelson, 1940).

Ziegler-Natta Catalysts (Ziegler et al, 1955) -- Buckminsterfullerene (Kroto et al, 1985) -- High-Temperature Superconductors (Muller and Bednorz, 1986) -- PHYSICS -- The Quantum Theory (Planck, 1900) -- Radioactive Decay (Rutherford and Soddy, 1903) -- Proof That Atoms Exist (Einstein, 1905) -- Photons (Einstein, 1905) -- Special Relativity (Einstein, 1905) -- Superconductivity (Kammelingh Onnes, 1911) -- The Atomic Nucleus (Rutherford, 1911) -- Cosmic Rays (Hess, 1912) -- General Relativity (Einstein, 1915) -- The Proton (Rutherford, 1919) -- The Quantum Atom (Bohr, 1923) -- The Uncertainty Principle (Heisenberg, 1927) -- The Positron (Anderson, 1932) -- The Neutron (Chadwick, 1932) -- Nuclear Fusion (Rutherford et al, 1933) -- Nuclear Fission (Hahn and Strassmann, 1939) -- The Transistor (Bardeen and Brittain, 1948) -- The Neutrino (Reines and Cowan, 1953) -- The Hunting of the Quarks (Friedman, 1972) -- The W and Z Particles (Arnison et al, 1983) -- Bose-Einstein Condensate (Anderson et al, 1995) -- SCIENCE IN THE YEAR 2000 -- INDEX.

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