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Removal of Toxic Cr(Vi) from Wastewater.

By: Material type: TextTextSeries: Environmental Remediation Technologies, Regulations and Safety Environmental Science, Engineering and TechnologyPublisher: Hauppauge : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2012Copyright date: ©2012Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (176 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781620810316
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Removal of Toxic Cr(Vi) from WastewaterDDC classification:
  • 628.3/58
LOC classification:
  • TD758.5.H43 -- .R468 2012eb
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- REMOVAL OF TOXIC CR(VI) FROM WASTEWATER -- REMOVAL OF TOXIC CR(VI) FROM WASTEWATER -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Units -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- 1.1. Problem Identification -- 1.2. Rational of Study -- 1.3. Objective of Study -- 1.4. Scope of Study -- Chapter 2 Literature Review -- Abstract -- 2.1. Heavy Metals-Contaminated Wastewater -- 2.2. Physico-Chemical Treatment Techniques for Wastewater Laden with Heavy Metals -- 2.2.1. Chemical Precipitation -- 2.2.2. Coagulation-Flocculation -- 2.2.3. Flotation -- 2.2.4. Membrane Filtration -- 2.2.4.1. Ultrafiltration(UF) -- 2.2.4.2. Nanofiltration(NF) -- 2.2.4.3. Reverse Osmosis (RO) -- 2.2.5. Ion Exchange -- 2.2.6. Electrochemical Techniques -- 2.2.6.1. Electrodialysis (ED) -- 2.2.6.2. Membrane Electrolysis (ME) -- 2.2.6.3. Electrochemical Precipitation (EP) -- 2.2.7. Adsorption -- 2.2.7.1. Agricultural Waste -- 2.2.7.2. Industrial by-Product -- 2.2.7.3. Natural Materials -- A. Zeolite -- B. Clay -- 2.2.7.4. Miscellaneous Low-Cost Adsorbents -- 2.2.7.5. Activated Carbon (AC) -- 2.3. Comparison of Adsorption Capacities among Low-Cost Adsorbents and AC -- 2.4. Cost-Effectiveness of Low-Cost Adsorbents -- 2.5. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal by Different Physico-Chemical Treatments -- 2.6. Cost Comparison of Treatment Technologies for Electroplating Wastewater -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Analytical Methodology -- Abstract -- 3.1. Material and Methods -- 3.1.1. Synthetic Chromium Wastewater -- 3.1.2. Real Chromium Wastewater from Electroplating Industry -- 3.1.3. Chitosan -- 3.1.4. Surface Modification of Adsorbent -- A. Oxidation of CSC with Sulfuric Acid -- B. Oxidation of CSC with Nitric Acid -- C. Coating CSC with Chitosan -- D. Treatment of Zeolite with NaCl.
E. Oxidative Treatment of Cac -- 3.1.5. Diphenylcarbazide Solution -- 3.2. Equipment -- 3.3. Experimental Procedure -- 3.3.1. Batch Experiments -- A. Effects of Dose -- B. Effects of pH -- C. Effects of Agitation Speed -- D. Effects of Contact Time -- E. Adsorption Isotherm Study -- F. Effects of COD Removal -- 3.3.2. Column Experiments -- A. Column Operation -- B. Column Regeneration -- 3.3.3. Chemical Analysis of Chromium Concentration -- 3.4. Statistical Analysis -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Results and Discussion -- Abstract -- 4.1. Characteristics of Real Chromium Wastewater -- 4.2. Batch Studies -- 4.2.1. Coconut Shell Charcoal (CSC) -- 4.2.1.1. Effects of Dose -- 4.2.1.2. Effects of pH -- 4.2.1.3. Effects of Agitation Speed -- 4.2.1.4. Effects of Contact Time -- 4.2.1.5. Adsorption Isotherm Study -- A. Langmuir Isotherm -- B. Freundlich Isotherm -- 4.2.1.6. Adsorption Mechanisms of Cr Removal by CSC -- 4.2.1.7. Effects of Surface Oxidation on the Sorptive Capacity of CSC -- 4.2.2. Zeolite -- 4.2.2.1. Effects of Dose -- 4.2.2.2. Effects of pH -- 4.2.2.3. Effects of Agitation Speed -- 4.2.2.4. Effects of Contact Time -- 4.2.2.5. Adsorption Isotherm Study -- A. Langmuir Isotherm -- B. Freundlich Isotherm -- 4.2.2.6. Effects of Chemical Treatment -- 4.2.2.7. Steps of Chromium Removal by Zeolite -- 4.2.3. Commercial Activated Carbon (CAC) -- 4.2.3.1. Effects of Dose -- 4.2.3.2. Effects of pH -- 4.2.3.3. Effects of Agitation Speed -- 4.2.3.4. Effects of Contact Time -- 4.2.3.5. Adsorption Isotherm Study -- A. Langmuir Isotherm -- B. Freundlich Isotherm -- 4.2.3.6. Adsorption Mechanism of CAC on Cr -- 4.2.3.7. Comparison of the Cr Adsorption Capacity and -- COD Removal Efficiency of CSC, Zeolite, and CAC in Batch -- Studies for Real Wastewater -- 4.3. Column Studies -- 4.3.1. Coconut Shell Charcoal (CSC) -- 4.3.1.1. Breakthrough.
4.3.1.2. Regeneration -- 4.3.2. Zeolite -- 4.3.2.1. Breakthrough -- 4.3.2.2. Regeneration -- 4.3.3. Commercial Activated Carbon (CAC) -- 4.3.3.1. Breakthrough -- 4.3.3.2. Regeneration -- 4.3.4. Comparison of the Cr Adsorption Capacities of CSC, Zeolites, -- and CAC Using Real Wastewater in Column Studies -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations -- 5.2. Recommendations -- 5.2.1. Batch Studies -- 5.2.2. Column Studies -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix 1. Curve Calibration of Standard Hexavalent Chromium Solution -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- About the Author -- Index.
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Intro -- REMOVAL OF TOXIC CR(VI) FROM WASTEWATER -- REMOVAL OF TOXIC CR(VI) FROM WASTEWATER -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Units -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- 1.1. Problem Identification -- 1.2. Rational of Study -- 1.3. Objective of Study -- 1.4. Scope of Study -- Chapter 2 Literature Review -- Abstract -- 2.1. Heavy Metals-Contaminated Wastewater -- 2.2. Physico-Chemical Treatment Techniques for Wastewater Laden with Heavy Metals -- 2.2.1. Chemical Precipitation -- 2.2.2. Coagulation-Flocculation -- 2.2.3. Flotation -- 2.2.4. Membrane Filtration -- 2.2.4.1. Ultrafiltration(UF) -- 2.2.4.2. Nanofiltration(NF) -- 2.2.4.3. Reverse Osmosis (RO) -- 2.2.5. Ion Exchange -- 2.2.6. Electrochemical Techniques -- 2.2.6.1. Electrodialysis (ED) -- 2.2.6.2. Membrane Electrolysis (ME) -- 2.2.6.3. Electrochemical Precipitation (EP) -- 2.2.7. Adsorption -- 2.2.7.1. Agricultural Waste -- 2.2.7.2. Industrial by-Product -- 2.2.7.3. Natural Materials -- A. Zeolite -- B. Clay -- 2.2.7.4. Miscellaneous Low-Cost Adsorbents -- 2.2.7.5. Activated Carbon (AC) -- 2.3. Comparison of Adsorption Capacities among Low-Cost Adsorbents and AC -- 2.4. Cost-Effectiveness of Low-Cost Adsorbents -- 2.5. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal by Different Physico-Chemical Treatments -- 2.6. Cost Comparison of Treatment Technologies for Electroplating Wastewater -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Analytical Methodology -- Abstract -- 3.1. Material and Methods -- 3.1.1. Synthetic Chromium Wastewater -- 3.1.2. Real Chromium Wastewater from Electroplating Industry -- 3.1.3. Chitosan -- 3.1.4. Surface Modification of Adsorbent -- A. Oxidation of CSC with Sulfuric Acid -- B. Oxidation of CSC with Nitric Acid -- C. Coating CSC with Chitosan -- D. Treatment of Zeolite with NaCl.

E. Oxidative Treatment of Cac -- 3.1.5. Diphenylcarbazide Solution -- 3.2. Equipment -- 3.3. Experimental Procedure -- 3.3.1. Batch Experiments -- A. Effects of Dose -- B. Effects of pH -- C. Effects of Agitation Speed -- D. Effects of Contact Time -- E. Adsorption Isotherm Study -- F. Effects of COD Removal -- 3.3.2. Column Experiments -- A. Column Operation -- B. Column Regeneration -- 3.3.3. Chemical Analysis of Chromium Concentration -- 3.4. Statistical Analysis -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Results and Discussion -- Abstract -- 4.1. Characteristics of Real Chromium Wastewater -- 4.2. Batch Studies -- 4.2.1. Coconut Shell Charcoal (CSC) -- 4.2.1.1. Effects of Dose -- 4.2.1.2. Effects of pH -- 4.2.1.3. Effects of Agitation Speed -- 4.2.1.4. Effects of Contact Time -- 4.2.1.5. Adsorption Isotherm Study -- A. Langmuir Isotherm -- B. Freundlich Isotherm -- 4.2.1.6. Adsorption Mechanisms of Cr Removal by CSC -- 4.2.1.7. Effects of Surface Oxidation on the Sorptive Capacity of CSC -- 4.2.2. Zeolite -- 4.2.2.1. Effects of Dose -- 4.2.2.2. Effects of pH -- 4.2.2.3. Effects of Agitation Speed -- 4.2.2.4. Effects of Contact Time -- 4.2.2.5. Adsorption Isotherm Study -- A. Langmuir Isotherm -- B. Freundlich Isotherm -- 4.2.2.6. Effects of Chemical Treatment -- 4.2.2.7. Steps of Chromium Removal by Zeolite -- 4.2.3. Commercial Activated Carbon (CAC) -- 4.2.3.1. Effects of Dose -- 4.2.3.2. Effects of pH -- 4.2.3.3. Effects of Agitation Speed -- 4.2.3.4. Effects of Contact Time -- 4.2.3.5. Adsorption Isotherm Study -- A. Langmuir Isotherm -- B. Freundlich Isotherm -- 4.2.3.6. Adsorption Mechanism of CAC on Cr -- 4.2.3.7. Comparison of the Cr Adsorption Capacity and -- COD Removal Efficiency of CSC, Zeolite, and CAC in Batch -- Studies for Real Wastewater -- 4.3. Column Studies -- 4.3.1. Coconut Shell Charcoal (CSC) -- 4.3.1.1. Breakthrough.

4.3.1.2. Regeneration -- 4.3.2. Zeolite -- 4.3.2.1. Breakthrough -- 4.3.2.2. Regeneration -- 4.3.3. Commercial Activated Carbon (CAC) -- 4.3.3.1. Breakthrough -- 4.3.3.2. Regeneration -- 4.3.4. Comparison of the Cr Adsorption Capacities of CSC, Zeolites, -- and CAC Using Real Wastewater in Column Studies -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations -- 5.2. Recommendations -- 5.2.1. Batch Studies -- 5.2.2. Column Studies -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix 1. Curve Calibration of Standard Hexavalent Chromium Solution -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- About the Author -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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