Plant Factory : An Indoor Vertical Farming System for Efficient Quality Food Production.

Front Cover -- Plant Factory: An Indoor Vertical Farming System for Efficient Quality Food Production -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 5, Kozai -- Chapter 19.2, Shibuya -- Chapter 19.3, He -- Part 1: Overview and Concept of Closed Plant Production System (CPPS) -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Role of the Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting (PFAL) in Urban Areas -- Introduction -- Interrelated Global Issues to be Solved Concurrently -- Resource Inflow and Waste Outflow in Urban Areas -- Energy and Material Balance in Urban Ecosystems -- Photoautotrophs (Plants) and Heterotrophs (Animals and Microorganisms) -- Waste Produced in Urban Areas as an Essential Resource for Growing Plants -- Plant Production Systems Integrated With Other Biological Systems -- Role of Organic Fertilizers and Microorganisms in the Soil -- Stability and Controllability of the Environment in Plant Production Systems -- Key Indices for Sustainable Food Production -- What is "PFAL"? -- Plants Suited and Unsuited to PFALs -- Growing Social Needs and Interest in PFALs -- Criticisms of PFALs and Responses to Them -- Initial Cost is Too High -- Production Cost is Too High -- Electricity Cost is Too High, Whereas Solar Light is Free -- Labor Cost is Too High -- PFAL-Grown Vegetables Are Neither Tasty Nor Nutritious -- Most PFALs Are Not Making a Profit -- Land Price is Too High -- Water Consumption for Irrigation Is too High -- PFALs Can Only Produce Leafy Greens-Minor Vegetables-Economically -- Towards a Sustainable PFAL -- Requirements for a Sustainable PFAL -- Factors Affecting the Sustainability of PFALs -- Positive aspects affecting environmental, resource, social, and economic sustainability -- Factors to be solved to improve sustainability.

Similarities Between the Earth, Space Farms, Autonomous Cities, and PFALs -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: PFAL Business and R&amp -- D in the World: Current Status and Perspectives -- Introduction -- Japan -- Brief History and Current Status of PFAL Business -- Research and Development -- Public Service -- Taiwan -- Status of PFAL in Taiwan -- PFAL Expo in Taiwan -- PFAL Research -- Cost comparison of PFALs -- Spectra of LEDs used in PFALs -- Wireless sensor networks in PFALs -- Ion-selective sensors for nutrient detection -- Nondestructive plant growth measurement system -- Business Models of PFALs in Taiwan -- Conclusions -- Korea -- PFAL Industry, a Commitment to the Future -- Research and Technical Development -- Private Companies and Farms in the PFAL Business -- Achievements and Challenges -- China -- Development of PFAL in China -- Case Study of Typical PFALs -- PFALs in the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences -- PFAL of Beijing Kingpeng International Hi-Tech Corporation -- Plant factory of Zhejiang University -- PFAL with LED in Shouguang -- Research Projects on Plant Factories in China -- North America -- History -- Contribution of Space Science -- Current Status and Future Prospective -- Europe (England, The Netherlands, and Others) -- Background -- Present Status of Plant Factories in the EU -- Outlook for Plant Factories in the UK -- References -- Chapter 4: Plant Factory as a Resource Efficient Closed Plant Production System -- Introduction -- Definition and Principal Components of PFAL -- Definition of Resource Use Efficiency -- Water Use Efficiency -- CO2 Use Efficiency -- Light Energy Use Efficiency of Lamps and Plant Community -- Electrical Energy Use Efficiency of Lighting -- Electrical Energy Use Efficiency of Heat Pumps for Cooling -- Inorganic Fertilizer Use Efficiency.

Representative Values of Resource Use Efficiency -- Electricity Consumption and Cost -- Improving Light Energy Use Efficiency -- Interplant Lighting and Upward Lighting -- Improving the Ratio of Light Energy Received by Leaves -- Using LEDs -- Controlling Environmental Factors Other Than Light -- Controlling Air Current Speed -- Increasing the Salable Portion of Plants -- Increasing Annual Production Capacity and Sales Volume per Unit Land Area -- Estimation of Rates of Photosynthesis, Transpiration, and Water and Nutrient Uptake -- Net Photosynthetic Rate -- Transpiration Rate -- Water Uptake Rate by Plants -- Ion Uptake Rate by Plants -- Application -- Coefficient of Performance of Heat Pump -- References -- Chapter 5:Micro- and Mini-PFALs for Improving the Quality of Life in Urban Areas -- Introduction -- Characteristics and Types of m-PFAL -- Various Applications of m-PFALs -- Homes -- Restaurants and Shopping Centers -- Schools and Community Centers -- Hospitals -- Offices -- Small Shops and Rental m-PFALs -- Design Concept of m-PFALs -- m-PFALs Connected to the Internet -- Advanced Uses of m-PFALs Connecting with a Virtual m-PFAL -- Visualizing the Effects of Energy and Material Balance on Plant Growth -- Maximizing Productivity and Benefits Using Minimum Resources -- Learning the Basics of an Ecosystem -- Challenges -- m-PFAL Connected with Other Biosystems as a Model Ecosystem -- Light Source and Lighting System Design -- References -- Chapter 6: Rooftop Plant Production Systems in Urban Areas -- Introduction -- Rooftop Plant Production -- Raised-Bed Production -- Continuous Row Farming -- Hydroponic Greenhouse Growing -- Building Integration -- Stormwater Management -- Energy Use Reductions -- References -- Part 2: Basics of Physics and Physiology-Environments and Their Effects -- Chapter 7: Light -- Introduction.

Physical Properties of Light and Its Measurement -- Physical Properties -- Light Measurement -- Light Sources -- Classification of Light Sources -- Light-Emitting Diodes -- General Benefits -- Outline of the Light-Emitting Mechanism -- Configuration Types -- Basic Terms Expressing Electrical and Optical Characteristics -- Electrical and Thermal Characteristics in Operation -- Lighting and Light Intensity Control Methods -- Lesser-Known Benefits and Disadvantages Related to Use -- LED Modules With Different Color LEDs for PFALs -- Pulsed Light and Its Effects -- Fluorescent Lamps -- General Benefits -- Configuration of Tubular Fluorescent Lamps -- Outline of the Light Emission Mechanism and Process -- Relative Spectral Radiant Flux of Light Emitted from a Fluorescent Lamp -- References -- Chapter 8: Physical Environmental Factors and Their Properties -- Introduction -- Temperature, Energy, and Heat -- Energy Balance -- Radiation -- Heat Conduction and Convection -- Latent Heat-Transpiration -- Measurement of Temperature -- Water Vapor -- Humidity -- Vapor Pressure Deficit -- Measurement of Humidity -- Moist Air Properties -- Composition of Air -- Psychrometric Chart -- CO2 Concentration -- Nature -- Dynamic Changes of CO2 Concentration in PFAL -- Measurement of CO2 Concentration -- Air Current Speed -- Nature and Definition -- Measurement -- Number of Air Exchanges Per Hour -- Nature and Definition -- Measurement of Air Exchange -- References -- Chapter 9: Photosynthesis and Respiration -- Introduction -- Photosynthesis -- Light Absorption by Photosynthetic Pigments -- Electron Transport and Bioenergetics -- Carbon Fixation and Metabolism -- C3, C4 and CAM Photosynthesis -- Respiration -- Photorespiration -- LAI and Light Penetration -- Single Leaf and Canopy -- References.

Chapter 10: Growth, Development, Transpiration and Translocation as Affected by Abiotic Environmental Factors -- Introduction -- Shoot and Root Growth -- Growth: Definition -- Root Growth -- Environmental Factors Affecting Plant Growth and Development -- Temperature and Plant Growth and Development -- Daily Light Integral -- Light Quality -- Humidity (VPD) -- CO2 Concentration -- Air Current Speed -- Nutrient and Root Zone -- Development (Photoperiodism and Temperature Affecting Flower Development) -- Transpiration -- Translocation -- References -- Chapter 11: Nutrition and Nutrient Uptake in Soilless Culture Systems -- Introduction -- Essential Elements -- Beneficial Elements -- Nutrient Uptake and Movement -- Nutrient Solution -- Solution pH and Nutrient Uptake -- Nitrogen Form -- New Concept: Quantitative Management -- References -- Chapter 12: Tipburn -- Introduction -- Cause of Tipburn -- Inhibition of Ca2+ Absorption in Root -- Inhibition of Ca2+ Transfer from Root to Shoot -- Competition for Ca2+ Distribution -- Countermeasure -- References -- Chapter 13: Functional Components in Leafy Vegetables -- Introduction -- Low-Potassium Vegetables -- Low-Nitrate Vegetables -- Restriction of Feeding Nitrate Fertilizer to Plants -- Reduction in Accumulated Nitrate by Assimilation of Nitrate -- Improving the Quality of Leafy Vegetables by Controlling Light Quality -- Leafy Vegetables -- Herbs -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Medicinal Components -- Introduction -- Growing Medicinal Plants Under Controlled Environments: Medicinal Components and Environmental Factors -- CO2 Concentration and Photosynthetic Rates -- Temperature Stress -- Water Stress -- Spectral Quality and UV Radiation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Production of Pharmaceuticals in a Specially Designed Plant Factory -- Introduction -- Candidate Crops for PMPs.

Construction of GM Plant Factories.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.