Geothermal Energy : Sustainable Heating and Cooling Using the Ground.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgments -- Nomenclature -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Geothermal Energy -- 1.1 Features of Geothermal Energy -- 1.2 Geothermal Energy Systems -- 1.3 Outline of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2 Fundamentals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Thermodynamics -- 2.2.1 Thermodynamic System, Process and Cycle -- 2.2.2 Thermodynamic Property -- 2.2.3 State and Phase -- 2.2.4 Properties -- 2.2.5 Sensible and Latent Processes -- 2.2.6 Ideal and Real Gases -- 2.2.7 Energy and Power -- 2.2.8 The Laws of Thermodynamics -- 2.2.9 Reversibility and Irreversibility -- 2.2.10 Exergy and Exergy Analysis -- 2.3 Heat Transfer -- 2.3.1 Exchange of Heat -- 2.3.2 Modes of Heat Transfer -- 2.3.3 Conduction -- 2.3.4 Convection -- 2.3.5 Radiation -- 2.3.6 Heat Transfer for Selected Simple Geometries -- 2.4 Fluid Mechanics -- 2.4.1 Fluid Flow -- 2.4.2 Governing Equations -- 2.4.3 Pipe Flow -- 2.4.4 Boundary Layer -- 2.5 The Nature of the Ground -- 2.5.1 Ground Composition -- 2.5.2 Groundwater -- 2.5.3 Ground Temperature Variations -- 2.5.4 Soil Microbial Communities -- References -- Chapter 3 Background and Technologies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Heat Pumps -- 3.3 Heat Exchangers -- 3.4 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning -- 3.5 Energy Storage -- Chapter 4 Underground Thermal Energy Storage -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Thermal Energy Storage Methods -- 4.2.1 Fundamentals -- 4.2.2 Advantages of Thermal Energy Storage -- 4.2.3 Thermal Energy Storage Operation and Performance -- 4.2.4 Thermal Energy Storage Types -- 4.2.5 Thermal Energy Quality and Thermal Energy Storage Stratification -- 4.2.6 Thermal Energy Storage Economics -- 4.2.7 Thermal Energy Storage Design, Selection, and Testing -- 4.2.8 Thermal Energy Storage Markets and Applications.

4.2.9 Comparison of Thermal Energy Storage Types -- 4.3 Underground Thermal Storage Methods and Systems -- 4.3.1 Types and Characteristics of Underground Thermal Energy Storage -- 4.3.2 Example: Residential Heating Using Underground Thermal Energy Storage -- 4.4 Integration of Thermal Energy Storage with Heat Pumps -- 4.4.1 Applications of Heat Pumps with Thermal Energy Storage -- 4.4.2 Benefits of Integrating Heat Pumps with Thermal Energy Storage for Heating -- 4.4.3 Benefits of Integrating Heat Pumps with Thermal Energy Storage for Cooling -- 4.4.4 Multi-Season Integration of Heat Pumps with Thermal Energy Storage for Heating and Cooling -- 4.4.5 Example: Institutional Heating and Cooling Using Heat Pumps and Thermal Energy Storage -- 4.5 Closing Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5 Geothermal Heating and Cooling -- 5.1 Ground-Source Heat Pumps -- 5.2 Geothermal Heat Exchangers -- 5.2.1 Low-Temperature Geothermal Heat Exchangers -- 5.2.2 High-Temperature Geothermal Systems -- References -- Chapter 6 Design Considerations and Installation -- 6.1 Sensitivity to Ground Thermal Conductivity -- 6.2 Thermal Response Test -- 6.2.1 Test Setup -- 6.2.2 Mathematical Model -- 6.3 Building Energy Calculations -- 6.3.1 Weather Data -- 6.3.2 Building Considerations -- 6.3.3 Heat Pump Considerations -- 6.3.4 Load Calculations -- 6.3.5 Ground Heat Injection and Extraction -- 6.4 Economics -- 6.4.1 Economic Analysis of a Ground-Source Heat Pump for Heating and Cooling a Single Building -- 6.4.2 Comparison of Economics of a Ground-Source Heat Pump and an Air-Source Heat Pump -- 6.5 Standards -- References -- Chapter 7 Modeling Ground Heat Exchangers -- 7.1 General Aspects of Modeling -- 7.1.1 Modeling Ground Surface Boundary Conditions -- 7.1.2 Moisture Migration in Soil -- 7.1.3 Groundwater Movement -- 7.2 Analytical Models -- 7.2.1 Heat Transfer Inside the Borehole.

7.2.2 Heat Transfer Outside the Borehole -- 7.3 Numerical Modeling -- 7.3.1 Modeling Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers -- 7.3.2 Modeling Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers -- 7.4 Closing Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8 Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling Examples -- 8.1 Semi-Analytical Modeling of Two Boreholes -- 8.1.1 Physical Domain -- 8.1.2 Assumptions -- 8.1.3 Method -- 8.2 Numerical Modeling of Two Boreholes -- 8.2.1 Physical Domain -- 8.2.2 Governing Equations -- 8.2.3 Borehole Fluid Region -- 8.2.4 Grout Region -- 8.2.5 Ground Region -- 8.2.6 Physical Parameters and Geometric Specifications -- 8.2.7 Numerical Solver -- 8.2.8 Grid -- 8.2.9 Discretization -- 8.2.10 Pressure-Based Solver -- 8.2.11 Initial and Boundary Conditions -- 8.2.12 User Defined Function -- 8.2.13 Summary -- 8.3 Numerical Modeling of a Borefield -- 8.3.1 Physical Domain -- 8.3.2 Boundary Conditions -- 8.3.3 Model Limitations -- 8.4 Numerical Modeling of a Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger -- 8.4.1 Physical Domain -- 8.4.2 Numerical Solver -- 8.4.3 Assumptions -- 8.4.4 Performance Evaluation Method -- 8.4.5 Performance Analysis of the Ground-Source Heat Pump System -- 8.4.6 Summary -- 8.5 Model Comparison -- References -- Chapter 9 Thermodynamic Analysis -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Analysis of an Underground Thermal Energy Storage System -- 9.2.1 Energy and Exergy Analyses -- 9.2.2 Assumptions and Simplifications -- 9.2.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3 Analysis of a Ground-Source Heat Pump System -- 9.3.1 System Description and Operation -- 9.3.2 Analyses -- 9.3.3 Analyses of Overall System -- 9.3.4 Performance -- 9.4 Analysis of a System Integrating Ground-Source Heat Pumps and Underground Thermal Storage -- 9.4.1 Rationale for Using a System Integrating Ground-Source Heat Pumps and Thermal Storage.

9.4.2 Description of a System Integrating Ground-Source Heat Pumps and Thermal Storage -- 9.4.3 Cooling Mode Operating Data of a System Integrating Ground-Source Heat Pumps and Thermal Storage -- 9.4.4 Analysis of a System Integrating Ground-Source Heat Pumps and Thermal Storage -- References -- Chapter 10 Environmental Factors -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Environmental Benefits -- 10.3 Environmental Impacts -- 10.3.1 Environmental Assessment of a Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger -- 10.3.2 Environmental Assessment of a Borefield -- References -- Chapter 11 Renewability and Sustainability -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Renewability of Ground-Source Heat Pumps -- 11.3 Sustainability of Ground-Source Heat Pumps -- 11.3.1 Thermal Interaction between Ground-Source Heat Pumps -- References -- Chapter 12 Case Studies -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Thermal Energy Storage in Ground for Heating and Cooling -- 12.2.1 System Description -- 12.2.2 System Operation -- 12.2.3 System Advantages -- 12.2.4 System Disadvantages -- 12.3 Underground and Water Tank Thermal Energy Storage for Heating -- 12.3.1 Location -- 12.3.2 Description of the Drake Landing Solar Community -- 12.3.3 Community Energy System -- 12.3.4 Operation of Energy System -- 12.3.5 Technical Performance -- 12.3.6 Economic Performance -- 12.4 Space Conditioning with Heat Pump and Seasonal Thermal Storage -- 12.4.1 Description of System -- 12.4.2 System Operation -- 12.4.3 Technical Performance -- 12.4.4 Economic Performance -- 12.4.5 Environmental Performance -- 12.5 Integrated System with Ground-Source Heat Pump, Thermal Storage, and District Energy -- 12.5.1 Nature of the Integration -- 12.5.2 Local Ground Conditions -- 12.5.3 Design of Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System -- 12.5.4 Borefield Drilling -- 12.5.5 Borehole Heat Exchanger Installation.

12.5.6 Integration of Ground-Source Heat Pumps and Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning -- 12.5.7 Techno-Economic Performance -- 12.6 Closed-Loop Geothermal District Energy System -- 12.6.1 System Description -- 12.6.2 Efficiency -- 12.6.3 Economics -- 12.6.4 Environmental Benefits -- 12.7 Closing Remarks -- References -- Appendix A Numerical Discretization -- Reference -- Appendix B Sensitivity Analyses -- B.1 Parameters Affecting Thermal Interactions between Multiple Boreholes -- B.2 Validation of the Two-Dimensional Numerical Solution with a Three-Dimensional Solution -- B.3 Heat Flux Variation along Borehole Length -- References -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.