Liability of Football Clubs for Supporters' Misconduct : A Study into the Interaction between Disciplinary Regulations of Sports Organisations and Civil Law.

Cover -- Table of Contents -- PREVIEW -- 1 INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Research and scope -- 1.3 Methodology and definitions -- 1.4 Structure of the thesis -- 1.5 Added value and objective of the research -- FIRST HALF - Disciplinary regulations in sport and their connections tocivil law -- 2 THE LEGAL STATUS OF DISCIPLINARY REGULATIONS IN SPORTS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Regulatory Framework of Sports Organisations -- 2.3 Limits -- 2.4 The Binding Nature of Disciplinary Rules -- 2.5 Indirect membership -- 2.6 Changing rules and dynamic reference -- 2.7 Enforcing the Rules: Definition, Purpose, and Justification of theDisciplinary Sanction -- 2.8 Requirements for Application of a Disciplinary Sanction -- 2.9 Concluding Remarks -- 3 REVIEWING DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS IN SPORTS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The scope of review of disciplinary sanctions before national courts -- 3.2.1 The Netherlands -- 3.2.2 England -- 3.2.3 Germany -- 3.2.4 Switzerland -- 3.2.5 France -- 3.2.6 Summarising remarks -- 3.3 Arbitration of disputes relating to disciplinary sanctions in sports -- 3.3.1 Requirements for arbitration in sports-related matters -- 3.3.1.1 The arbitration law -- 3.3.1.2 The arbitration agreement -- 3.3.1.3 Arbitrability -- 3.3.1.4 Applicable procedural rules -- 3.3.1.5 Applicable substantive rules -- 3.3.1.6 The scope of review in CAS cases and the arbitralprecedent -- 3.3.2 Challenging the arbitral award -- 3.3.2.1 Grounds for overturning an arbitral award -- 3.3.2.2 A restrictive review of the merits of the award -- 3.3.2.3 The Swiss Federal Supreme Court: the final instance inCAS cases -- 3.3.3 Summarising remarks -- 3.4 Concluding Remarks -- SECOND HALF - Disciplinary and civil liability of football clubs forsupporters' misconduct -- 4 DISCIPLINARY LIABILITY OF FOOTBALL CLUBS FOR SUPPORTERS' MISCONDUCT.

4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Liability rules in the regulations of football federations -- 4.2.1 Liability rules in the regulations of FIFA and UEFA -- 4.2.2 The rule in the regulations of national federations -- 4.3 The application of disciplinary liability by the CAS and national courts -- 4.3.1 Application of the rule by CAS -- 4.3.1.1 PSV Eindhoven/UEFA -- 4.3.1.2 Feyenoord Rotterdam/UEFA -- 4.3.2 Application of the rule by national courts -- 4.3.2.1 France: Tribunal Administratif in Paris St. Germain/FFF -- 4.3.2.2 France: Conseil d'Etat in Lille Olympic Sporting Club/FFF -- 4.3.2.3 France: Tribunal Administratif -- 4.3.2.4 Germany: Dynamo Dresden/DFB -- 4.4 The conceptual lawfulness of disciplinary strict liability -- 4.4.1 Justifying disciplinary liability without fault -- 4.4.2 Analogy with liability for risk -- 4.4.3 Analogy with liability for the acts of others -- 4.5 Concluding remarks -- 5 CONTRACT AND FAULT LIABILITY OF FOOTBALL CLUBS FOR SUPPORTER'SMISCONDUCT -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Contract liability of organising football clubs -- 5.2.1 Contractual obligations of the parties -- 5.2.1.1 The obligation of safety -- 5.2.1.2 Other contractual duties of care -- 5.2.2 Requirements contract liability -- 5.2.2.1 Obligation of result or obligation of means? -- 5.2.2.2 Culpable breach or force majeure? -- 5.2.3 Intermezzo: contractual exclusion of liability -- 5.2.3.1 Exclusion clause in general contract terms -- 5.2.3.2 Exclusion of liability for personal injury -- 5.2.4 Summarising remarks -- 5.3 Fault liability of organising football clubs -- 5.3.1 Protected interests in tort law -- 5.3.2 Requirements for fault liability -- 5.3.2.1 Fault -- 5.3.2.2 The standard of care: a transnationally uniform applicablestandard -- 5.3.3 The standard of care owed by organising clubs according to thecourts -- 5.3.3.1 France -- 5.3.3.2 England.

5.3.3.3 Germany -- 5.3.4 In summary: the relevant factors to establishing the scope of thestandard of care -- 5.4 Situations where establishing liability is problematic -- 5.4.1 The standard of care owed by visiting clubs -- 5.4.2 The standard of care owed outside the stadium -- 5.4.3 Liability for racist acts -- 5.5 Concluding Remarks -- 6 THE DISCIPLINARY STANDARD AND CIVIL LAW - INTERACTION, RATIONALEAND LIMITATIONS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The influence of private regulations on the standard of care -- 6.2.1 Private regulations -- 6.2.2 Technical and safety standards -- 6.2.3 Professional standards -- 6.2.3.1 Netherlands: towards a direct application of professionalstandards -- 6.2.3.2 France: progressive development reverted -- 6.2.4 Regulations of sports organisations -- 6.2.5 Summarising remarks -- 6.3 Applying the disciplinary strict liability rule in civil law -- 6.3.1 The disciplinary strict liability rule deconstructed from a civillaw perspective -- 6.3.2 The shared goal connecting disciplinary liability and civil liability -- 6.3.3 The legitimacy of interaction between disciplinary law and civillaw -- 6.4 Towards a civil-law strict liability for supporters misconduct -- 6.4.1 Concept and development of strict liability -- 6.4.2 Liability for the acts of others -- 6.4.3 Liability for risk: a general strict liability rule -- 6.4.4 Strict liability and the expected safety standard - two sides of thesame coin -- 6.5 Opportunities and limitations of a strict liability rule for supporters'misconduct -- 6.5.1 Liability of the visiting club for damage inside the stadium -- 6.5.2 Damage outside the stadium grounds -- 6.5.3 Liability for racist acts -- 6.6 Concluding Remarks -- RECAP -- 7 SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Disciplinary regulations in sport and their connections to civil law.

7.3 Disciplinary and civil liability of football clubs for supporters' -- 7.4 Final thoughts -- ANNEX TO CHAPTER 4 -- LIST OF REFERENCES -- LIST OF CASES -- INDEX.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.