Biospeleology : The Biology of Cavernicolous Animals.

Front Cover -- Biospeleology: The Biology of Cavernicolous Animals -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION -- A. Speleology -- Â. Biospeology -- PART 1: BIOSPEOLOGY -- CHAPTER I. THE SUBTERRANEAN WORLD -- A. Solid Media -- B. Liquid Media -- Conclusions -- CHAPTER II. THE CAVERNICOLES -- A. Classification of the Cavernicoles and their Nomenclature -- B. Characteristics of the Cavernicoles -- CHAPTER III. THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOSPEOLOGY -- INTRODUCTION -- A. Beginnings of Biospeology -- B. Biospeological Research throughout the World -- C. The Organisation of Biospeological Research -- D . The Present State of Biospeology -- CHAPER IV. BIOSPEOLOGICAL MEANS AND METHODS -- A. Collecting Techniques -- B. Attempts to Transplant Fauna -- C. Breeding of Cavernicoles -- D. Subterranean Laboratories -- E. Biospeological Publications -- F. The Congress of Speleology -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- PART 2: A LIST OF CAVERNICOLOUS SPECIES -- CHAPTER V. SUBTERRANEAN PLANTS -- A. Introduction -- Â. Fungi -- C. Cyanophyceae -- D. Algae -- E. Plants other than Cryptogams -- CHAPTER VI. THE FREE-LIVING PROTISTA -- A. Protista of Subterranean Waters -- B. Protista of the Clay Deposits in Caves -- CHAPTER VII. THE CAVERNICOLOUS INVERTEBRATES (EXCLUDING ARTHROPODA) -- Introduction- Cavernicolous Metazoa -- Annelida -- Mollusca -- CHAPTER VIII. THE ARACHNIDS -- A. Arthropods -- B. Chelicerates -- C. Arachnida -- D. Scorpionidea -- E. Pseudoscorpionidea (Chernetes -- Chelonethida) -- F. Opilionids -- G. Palpigrada -- H. Pedipalpia -- I. Araneida -- J. Ricinulida -- K. Acarina -- L. Terrestrial Acarina -- M. Amphibious Acarina -- N. Aquatic Acarina -- CHAPTER IX. THE CRUSTACEA -- A. Introduction -- B. Branchiopoda -- C. Copepoda -- D. Ostracoda -- E. Malacostraca -- F. Syncarida -- G. Thermosbaenacea -- H. Spelaeogriphacea -- I. Mysidacea.

J. Isopoda -- K. Amphipoda -- L. Decapoda -- CHAPTER X. ONYCHOPHORA AND MYRIAPODA -- A. Tracheata -- B. Onychophora -- C. Diplopoda -- D. Chilopoda -- CHAPTER XI. THE APTERYGOTE INSECTS -- A. Insecta or Hexapoda -- B. Apterygota -- C Collembola -- D. Diplura -- E. Thysanura -- CHAPTER XII. THE PTERYGOTE INSECTS (EXCLUDING COLEOPTERA) -- A. Pterygota -- B. Classification of the Insects -- C. Blattoidea -- D. Orthopteroidea -- E. Psocoidea -- F. Neuropteroidea -- G. Hymenopteroidea -- H. Mecopteroidea -- CHAPTER XIII. THE COLEOPTERA -- A. Caraboidea -- B. Staphylinoidea -- C. Cucujoidea -- D. Heteromera -- E. Malacoderma -- CHAPTER XIV. THE VERTEBRATES -- A. Fish -- B. Amphibia -- C. Reptiles -- D. Homoiothermic Vertebrates -- E. Birds -- F. Mammals -- CHAPTER XV. PHORETIC AND PARASITIC FORMS -- A. Introduction -- B. Parasitic Fungi -- C. Gregarina t -- D. Cnidosporidia -- E. Ciliates -- F. Temnocephala -- G. Trematodes -- H. Cestoda -- I. Rotifera -- J. Nematomorpha -- K. Oligochaeta and Hirudinea -- L. Copepoda -- M. Ostracoda -- N. Diptera -- O. Acarina -- P. Parasites of Bats -- PART 3: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF CAVERNICOLES -- CHAPTER XVI. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CAVERNICOLES -- A. Aquatic Cavernicoles -- B. Terrestrial Troglophiles -- C. Terrestrial Troglobia -- D. Cavernicoles and Palaeogeography -- CHAPTER XVII. THE DISTRIBUTION OF CAVERNICOLES IN THE SUBTERRANEAN WORLD -- A. Subterranean Ecology -- B. The Different Habitats of Hypogeous Organisms -- C. Subterranean Biotopes-Cavernicolous Synusia and Biocoenoses -- CHAPTER XVIII. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS AND THEIR ACTION ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CAVERNICOLES -- Introduction -- A. Light -- B. Temperature -- C. The Atmosphere -- D. Water -- PART 4: PHYSIOLOGY OF CAVERNICOLES -- CHAPTER XIX. NUTRITION AND SOURCES OF FOOD OF CAVERNICOLES.

A. Are Cavernicoles always Starved Animals? -- B. The Food of Cavernicoles -- C. The Exogenous Sources of Food -- D. Clay and Silts -- E. Bacteria and Speleobacteriology -- F. Utilisation of Different Food Sources and the Food Cycles -- CHAPTER XX. THE METABOLISM OF CAVERNICOLOUS ANIMALS -- A. Respiratory Metabolism -- B. Respiratory Metabolism in Different Cavernicoles -- C. The Action of External Factors on Respiratory Metabolism -- CHAPTER XXI. THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS OF CAVERNICOLOUS ANIMALS -- A. Introduction -- B. Invertebrates -- C. Urodela -- D. Fish -- CHAPTER XXII. REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN CAVERNICOLES -- A. Modes of Reproduction -- B. Number and Size of the Eggs in Cavernicoles -- C. Structure of the Ovaries and Oogenesis in Cavernicoles -- D. Processes of Development -- E. Factor of Time -- F. Conclusions -- PART 5: THE BEHAVIOUR OF CAVERNICOLES -- SENSITIVITY AND SENSE ORGANS -- CHAPTER XXIII. THE BEHAVIOUR OF CAVERNICOLES -- A. Activity Rhythms -- B. Some Examples of Behaviour in Cavernicolous Animals -- CHAPTER XXIV. REACTIONS OF CAVERNICOLES TO EXTERNAL FACTORS -- A. Behaviour with Respect to Mechanical Factors -- B. Behaviour with Respect to Movements -- C. Behaviour of Aquatic Cavernicoles with Respect to Running Water -- D. Behaviour towards Vibration -- E. Behaviour towards Sound Waves -- F. Behaviour towards Chemical Materials dissolved in Water -- G. Behaviour towards Chemical Substances carried by the Air -- H. Behaviour towards Humidity -- CHAPTER XXV. THE BEHAVIOUR OF CAVERNICOLES WITH RESPECT TO LIGHT -- A. General Reactions to Light -- B. Orientation Reactions to Light -- C. Photoreceptors of Cavernicoles -- D. Pigments and Pigmentation -- CHAPTER XXVI. THE VISUAL SYSTEM OF CAVERNICOLES -- A. Introduction -- B. The Distribution of Anophthalmia in the Animal Kingdom -- C. Anophthalmic Cavernicoles.

D. Instability of the Ocular Structures in Cavernicoles -- E. Eye Pigments -- F. Paths of Regression of the Eye in Cavernicoles -- G. Ontogenetic Evolution of Regressed Eyes -- H. Effects of Regression of the Eye on the Structure of the Brain in Cavernicoles -- I. Correlation between Depigmentation, Anophthalmia and Apterism -- J. Conclusions. Genesis of Anophthalmia -- CHAPTER XXVII. ECHOLOCATION -- A. Principle of Echolocation -- B. Echolocation in Bats -- C. Echolocation in Birds -- P A R T 6: THE EVOLUTION OF CAVERNICOLES -- CHAPTER XXVIII. THEORETICAL CONCEPTS -- A. Neo-Lamarckism -- B. Mutationism -- C. Organicism -- CHAPTER XXIX . THE ANTIQUITY OF CAVERNICOLES -- A. Relative Ages o f Cavernicoles -- B. Ancient Cavernicoles. Concept of Relict Faunae -- C. Origin of Relicts in Relation to Climatic Factors -- D. Concept of Refuge -- E. Different Types of Relicts -- CHAPTER XXX . THE STAGES OF SUBTERRANEAN EVOLUTION -- A. Period of Preparation -- B. Period o f Instability -- C. Period of Stability -- CHAPTER XXXI . THE PROCESSES OF SUBTERRANEAN EVOLUTION -- A. Concept of Adaptation -- B. Regressive Evolution -- C. Significance of Regressive Evolution -- D. Autoregulation -- E. Autoregulation and Phyletic Senescence -- F. Autoregulation in Cavernicoles (Period of Preparation) -- G. Autoregulation in Cavernicoles (Final Period) -- H. Does Progressive Evolution Occur among Cavernicoles? -- I. Compensation for Loss of Vision among Cavernicoles -- J. Features of Cavernicoles -- K. "Struggle for Existence" and Natural Selection -- L. Conclusion -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX -- OTHER TITLES IN THE ZOOLOGY DIVISION -- OTHER DIVISIONS I N THE SERIES.

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