Operative Standards for Cancer Surgery : Volume II: Esophagus, Melanoma, Rectum, Stomach, Thyroid.

Intro -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- METHODOLOGY RESEARCH PROTOCOL -- SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ELEMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SECTION I THYROID -- Introduction -- Clinical Staging -- Multidisciplinary Care -- Perioperative Care -- Physical Examination and Biochemical Evaluation -- Preoperative Imaging -- Cervical Ultrasonography -- Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 1: Thyroidectomy -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. COMPLETE EXTRACAPSULAR DISSECTION OF THE THYROID -- Rationale -- 2. IDENTIFICATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS -- Rationale -- 3. IDENTIFICATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVES -- Rationale -- 4. EN BLOC RESECTION OF LOCALLY ADVANCED THYROID CANCER -- Rationale -- Strap Muscles -- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve -- Trachea -- Esophagus -- Key Question: Oncologic Components of Thyroidectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- SUMMARY -- CONCLUSIONS -- Chapter 2: Oncologic Components of Lymphadenectomy -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. RESECTION OF LYMPH NODES IN THE CENTRAL COMPARTMENT -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- 2. MANAGEMENT OF THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE WHEN INVOLVED BY EXTRANODAL EXTENSION FROM LYMPH NODE METASTASES -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- 3. MANAGEMENT OF CLINICALLY POSITIVE LYMPH NODES IN THE LATERAL NECK -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- 4. MANAGEMENT OF EXTRANODAL EXTENSION IN THE LATERAL NECK -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- Key Question: Oncologic Components of Lymphadenectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- SUMMARY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION II GASTRIC -- Introduction -- Staging -- Pretreatment Staging -- Quality Metrics -- Surgery for Gastric Adenocarcinoma -- Objectives -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: Gastrectomy -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. INTRAOPERATIVE STAGING -- Rationale.

Staging Laparoscopy -- Timing of Staging Laparoscopy -- Technical Aspects -- 2. RESECTION OF PRIMARY TUMOR -- 2A. Endoscopic Resection -- Rationale -- Indications for Endoscopic Resection -- Identifying EGC Lesions Suitable for Endoscopic Resection -- Technical Aspects -- Endoscopic Mucosal Resection -- Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection -- Comparison of EMR and ESD in the Treatment of EGC -- Comparison of Endoscopic Resection and Gastrectomy for EGC -- 2B. Partial and Total Gastrectomy -- Rationale -- Formal Gastrectomy -- Bursectomy -- Resection of Adjacent Organs and Structures -- Technical Aspects -- CONCLUSION -- 2C. Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy -- Rationale -- Minimally Invasive Distal Gastrectomy -- Technical Aspects of Minimally Invasive Distal and Subtotal Gastrectomy -- Advanced Gastric Cancer and Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy -- Technical Aspects of Minimally Invasive Total Gastrectomy -- Robotic Gastrectomy -- CONCLUSION -- 3. ASSESSMENT OF SURGICAL MARGINS -- Rationale -- Margin Distance -- Distal Tumors of the Body and Antrum: Proximal Margin Length -- Proximal Tumors of the Gastroesophageal Junction, Cardia, and Fundus: Proximal Margin Length -- Frozen-Section Margin Analysis -- The Distal Resection Margin -- Clinical Context, Outcomes, and Management of Positive Margins -- 4. REGIONAL LYMPHADENECTOMY -- INTRODUCTION -- Evolution of the Definitions and Classifications of Lymph Node Stations and Lymphadenectomy -- Rationale for the Boundaries of Systematic Lymphadenectomy -- Extent of Dissection and Adequacy of Staging -- Lymph Node Retrieval and Recommended Lymph Node Counts -- Technical Considerations -- 5. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT -- 5A. After Total Gastrectomy -- Rationale -- Roux-en-Y With or Without Jejunal Pouch -- Bowel Interposition -- 5B. After Distal and Subtotal Gastrectomy -- Rationale.

Roux-en-Y Versus Billroth I Reconstruction -- Roux-en-Y Versus Billroth II Reconstruction -- 5C. After Proximal Gastrectomy -- Rationale -- 6. PLACEMENT OF DRAINS AND TUBES -- 6A. Placement of Intraperitoneal Drain -- Rationale -- 6B. PLACEMENT OF SMALL-BOWEL FEEDING TUBE -- Rationale -- Key Question: Gastrectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- D1 Versus D2 Lymphadenectomy -- Role of Splenectomy -- Learning Curve for D2 Gastrectomy -- The Role of Adjuvant Treatment after D1/D2 Lymphadenectomy -- D1/D2 Versus D3/D4 Para-aortic Lymph Node Dissection -- CONCLUSIONS -- Key Question: Gastrectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- Margins -- Lymph Node Harvest -- Survival/Outcomes -- Postoperative Morbidity -- Proximal Versus Total Gastrectomy -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION III RECTUM -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Clinical and Pathological Staging -- Multidisciplinary Care -- Perioperative Care -- Quality Metrics -- Summary -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: Proctectomy -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. PROXIMAL VASCULAR LIGATION -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- 2. TOTAL MESORECTAL EXCISION -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- 3. LYMPH NODE DISSECTION -- Rationale -- 4. CLEARANCE OF THE DISTAL MARGIN -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- Chapter 5: Abdominoperineal Resection -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. CLEARANCE OF THE CIRCUMFERENTIAL MARGIN AT THE PELVIC FLOOR -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- Lithotomy Versus Prone -- 2. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PERINEUM -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- Key Question: Proctectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- Surgical Techniques and Differences in Outcomes -- Local Recurrence Rates and Overall Survival -- CONCLUSION -- Chapter 6: Local Excision -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. COMPLETE RESECTION OF AN INTACT SPECIMEN WITH NEGATIVE BOWEL WALL AND DEEP MARGINS -- Rationale.

Key Question: Local Excision -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- Surgical Techniques and Outcomes -- Functional Outcomes -- Overall Survival Rates -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION IV ESOPHAGUS -- Introduction -- Diagnosis and Clinical Staging -- Multidisciplinary Care -- Perioperative Care -- Quality Metrics -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: Esophagectomy -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. RESECTION OF THE PRIMARY TUMOR TO NEGATIVE MARGINS -- Rationale -- Proximal Margin -- Distal (Gastric) Margin -- Circumferential (Radial) Margin -- Technical Aspects -- 2. LYMPH NODE DISSECTION -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- Abdominal Field -- Mediastinal/Thoracic Field -- Cervical Field -- 3. GASTROINTESTINAL RECONSTRUCTION -- 3A. CONSTRUCTION OF GASTRIC CONDUIT -- Rationale -- Vascular Anatomy of the Gastric Conduit -- 3B. PERFORMANCE OF A GASTRIC-EMPTYING PROCEDURE -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- Pyloromyotomy -- Pyloroplasty -- SUMMARY -- 3C. ALTERNATE CONDUITS -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects: Colon -- Technical Aspects: Jejunum -- 3D. CERVICAL VERSUS INTRATHORACIC ANASTOMOSIS -- Rationale -- 3E. HAND-SEWN VERSUS STAPLED ANASTOMOSIS -- Rationale -- 3F. END-TO-END VERSUS END-TO-SIDE ANASTOMOSIS -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- Key Question: Esophagectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- Recommended Staging of T1a and T1b Adenocarcinoma -- Definition and Brief Description of Endoscopic Eradication Therapy -- FINDINGS -- T1aN0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- cT1b Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- Endoscopic Eradication Therapy Versus Esophagectomy for T1N0 Unspecified Disease -- Key Question: Esophagectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- Ensuring Adequacy of Lymphadenectomy -- Effect of the Histology of the Cancer on the Need for Lymphadenectomy -- Effect of the Pathologist -- Induction Chemoradiotherapy and Lymph Node Yield.

Key Question: Esophagectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- Perioperative Chemotherapy and Surgery Versus Surgery Alone -- Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Surgery Alone -- Chemotherapy Versus Chemoradiotherapy before Surgery -- Definitive Chemoradiotherapy Versus Chemoradiotherapy Plus Surgery -- CONCLUSIONS -- Key Question: Esophagectomy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- Criteria for Evidence -- Search and Analysis -- Results -- FINDINGS -- Five-Year Overall Survival -- Five-Year Relapse-Free Survival -- R0 Resection -- Quality of Life -- Anastomotic Leaks -- Perioperative Mortality -- Complications and Toxicity -- Accuracy of Clinical Staging of T2N0 Esophageal Tumors -- Adenocarcinoma Versus Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- REFERENCES -- SECTION V MELANOMA -- Introduction -- Clinical Staging -- Multidisciplinary Care -- Perioperative Care -- Quality Metrics -- REFERENCES -- Chapter  8: Wide Local Excision -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. MARGIN WIDTH -- Rationale -- 2. DEPTH OF EXCISION -- Rationale -- 3. ANATOMIC ORIENTATION OF THE EXCISION -- Rationale -- Chapter  9: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy -- CRITICAL ELEMENTS -- 1. DYNAMIC LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY TO IDENTIFY THE SENTINEL LYMPH NODE-CONTAINING NODAL BASIN -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- 2. PLACEMENT OF THE SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY INCISION -- Rationale -- 3. IDENTIFICATION AND REMOVAL OF ONE OR MORE SENTINEL LYMPH NODES -- Rationale -- Technical Aspects -- Key Question: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- Thin Melanomas -- Thick Melanomas -- Older Patients and Medical Comorbidities -- Prior Wide Local Excision of the Primary Tumor Site -- In-Transit Disease -- CONCLUSION -- Key Question: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- FINDINGS -- FINDINGS.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy with Completion Lymph Node Dissection for Nodal Basin Control.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.