Vascular Diseases for the Non-Specialist : An Evidence-Based Guide.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: How to Make Decisions in Healthcare? -- Clinical Question and Study Design -- Evidence-Based Healthcare and Systematic Reviews -- Harms, Not Just Efficacy -- How to Make Decisions in Healthcare -- References -- 2: Anatomical Principles of the Circulatory System -- Introduction -- The Cardiovascular System -- The Heart -- Vessels' Wall: The Endothelium -- Coronary Irrigation -- The Arterial System -- Aorta and Its Branches -- Cervical and Intracranial Irrigation -- Thorax and Upper Limb -- Lower Limb -- The Venous System -- Cervical and Intracranial -- Thorax and Upper Limb -- Lower Limb -- The Lymphatic System -- Lymphatic Vessels -- Lymphoid Organs -- References -- 3: Atherosclerosis -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Cerebrovascular Disease -- Coronary Artery Disease -- Peripheral Artery Disease -- Reno-Vascular Atherosclerosis -- Diagnosis -- Determining the Presence of Significant Atherosclerotic Disease or Its Equivalent -- Ankle-Brachial Index -- Carotid Ultrasonography -- Femoral Ultrasonography -- Electron-Beam Computed Tomography -- Pressures and Pulse-Volume Recordings -- Others Cardiovascular Methods of Evaluation -- Utilization of Risk Stratification Scores -- Treatment -- General Practitioner's Role -- Medical Specialist Evaluation -- References -- 4: Hemostasis and Anticoagulation Therapy -- Introduction -- Primary Hemostasis -- Endothelium -- Platelets -- Platelet Adhesion -- Platelet Activation -- Platelet Aggregation -- Secondary Hemostasis -- Coagulation -- The Initiation Phase -- The Amplification Phase -- The Propagation Phase -- Fibrinolysis -- Anticoagulant Treatment -- Parenteral Anticoagulants -- Unfractionated Heparin -- Low Molecular Weight Heparins -- Fondaparinux -- Direct Thrombin Inhibitors -- Oral Anticoagulants.

Vitamin K Antagonists -- Warfarin -- Acenocoumarol -- New Oral Anticoagulants -- Dabigatran -- Rivaroxaban -- Apixaban -- Edoxaban -- References -- 5: Peripheral Artery Disease -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Natural History and Clinical Presentation -- Asymptomatic -- Intermittent Claudication -- Critical Limb Ischemia -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Risk Factors Control -- Treatment of Intermittent Claudication -- Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia -- References -- 6: Acute Limb Ischemia -- Introduction -- Arterial Thrombosis -- Arterial Embolism -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Diagnosis -- Differential Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Endovasculartherapy -- Conventional Open Surgery -- Complications -- Syndrome of Reperfusion -- References -- 7: Cerebrovascular Disease -- Concept -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Natural History -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Medical Treatment -- Surgical Treatment -- What Generalist Doctor Can Do for This Patient? -- When Is the Time to Refer to Specialist? -- References -- 8: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms -- Concept -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Image Exams -- Abdominal Ultrasonography -- Angiotomography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Screening Program -- Treatment -- Medical Approach -- Smoking Cessation -- Exercise -- Pharmacotherapy -- Doxycycline and Roxithromycin -- Beta-Blockers -- Antiplatelet Therapy -- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers -- What the Generalist Practioner Can Do for This Patient? -- When to Refer to Vascular Surgery? -- References -- 9: Peripheral and Visceral Aneurysm -- Femoral Artery Aneurysms -- Popliteal Artery Aneurysm -- Subclavian Artery Aneurysm -- Visceral Artery Aneurysms -- Splenic Artery Aneurysms -- Hepatic Artery Aneurysm -- Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysms -- Celiac Artery Aneurysms.

Renal Arteries Aneurysm -- What the General Practitioner Can Do for This Patient? -- When to Refer to the Expert? -- References -- 10: Thoracic, Thoracoabdominal, and Iliac Artery Aneurysms -- Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm -- Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm -- Iliac Artery Aneurysm -- What the General Practitioner Can Do for This Patient? -- When to Refer to the Expert? -- References -- 11: Risk Factors and Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism -- Introduction -- Natural History of Venous Thromboembolism and Complications -- Identification of Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism -- Classification of Groups of Risk for Venous Thromboembolism According to the Individual Risk Factors Scoring -- Prophylaxis -- Hospitalized Nonsurgical Patients -- Hospitalized Surgical Patients -- Early Mobilization -- Intermittent Pneumatic Compression -- Elastic Compression Stockings -- Anticoagulant Medications -- Other Anticoagulants -- Prophylaxis Duration -- Outpatient -- References -- 12: Venous Thromboembolism: Diagnosis and Treatment -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Deep Vein Thrombosis -- Pulmonary Embolism -- Diagnosis -- Deep Vein Thrombosis Diagnosis -- Additional Tests That Increase Accuracy for the Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis -- Strategies for the Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Specific Clinical Situations -- Pulmonary Embolism -- Treatment -- Compression Therapy -- Unfractionated Heparin -- Low Molecular Weight Heparins -- Fondaparinux -- Vitamin K Antagonist -- Non-vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants -- Interventional Treatment -- Fibrinolysis via Locoregional Intravenous Catheter in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis -- Loco-regional or systemic fibrinolysis in the Pulmonary Embolism -- Lower Vena Cava Filter Implant -- What Can Any General Practitioner Do for the Patient?.

When to Refer to a Specialist? -- References -- 13: Diabetic Foot -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Natural History -- Clinical Manifestations -- Peripheral Neuropathy -- Charcot's Neuropathy -- Peripheral Arterial Disease -- Infection -- Wounds -- Diagnosis -- Diabetic Neuropathy Evaluation -- Vascular Assessment -- Treatment -- Antibiotic Treatment -- Surgical Treatment -- Debridement -- Revascularization Procedures -- Limb Amputation -- Wound Care -- Dressings -- Adjuvant Treatments -- What Can the Primary Care Physician Do for This Patient? -- When to Refer the Diabetic Foot Patient for an Expert? -- References -- 14: Chronic Venous Disease and Varicose Veins -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Natural History -- Clinical Manifestations -- Classification -- Diagnosis -- Differential Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Clinical Treatment -- Compression Therapy -- Graduated Compressive Stockings -- Unna Boot -- Elastic and Nonelastic Bandages -- Intermittent Pneumatic Compression -- Pharmacotherapy -- Interventional Treatment -- Sclerotherapy -- Transdermal Laser and Intense Pulsed Light -- Surgical Treatment -- Endovenous Ablation -- Radiofrequency Ablation -- Endovenous Laser Ablation -- Comparison Between the Methods -- What the Generalist Can Do? -- When to Refer to the Expert? -- References -- 15: Vascular Anomalies -- Epidemiology -- Vascular Tumors -- Vascular Malformations -- Natural History of the Disease -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- Vascular Tumors -- High-Flow Malformations -- Low-Flow Malformations -- Venous Malformations -- Lymphatic Malformations -- Imaging Methods -- Doppler Ultrasonography -- Magnetic Resonance Angiography -- Computed Tomography -- Angiography -- Differential Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Vascular Tumors -- Clinical Treatment and Laser for Vascular Tumors (Hemangioma) [5] -- Vascular Malformations.

What Can Non-specialists Do for This Patient? -- When Should the Patient Be Referred to the Specialist? -- References -- 16: Aortic Dissection -- Introduction -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Classification -- Acute Versus Chronic -- Anatomic -- Risk Factors -- Clinical Presentation -- Pain -- Neurological Symptoms -- Cardiac Complications -- Malperfusion Syndrome and Limb Ischemia -- Diagnosis -- Thorax X-ray -- Computed Tomography Angiography -- Transthoracic/Transesophageal Echocardigraphy -- Aortography -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Treatment -- Medical Therapy -- Antihypertensive Treatment -- Analgesia -- Interventional Therapy -- Type A Dissection -- Type B Dissection -- Post-treatment Care -- References -- 17: Lower Limb Ulcers -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Diagnosis -- Venous Stasis Ulcers -- Concept -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Medical Imaging -- Treatment -- Compression Therapy -- Oral Medications -- Intervention -- Arterial (Ischemic) Ulcers -- Concept -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation -- Treatment -- Mixed Ulcers -- Hypertensive Ulcers -- Neuropathic Ulcers -- Other Less Common Causes of Ulcers -- Topical Treatment of the Ulcers -- References -- 18: Lymphedema and Erysipelas -- Lymphedema -- Concept -- Epidemiology and Classification -- Primary Lymphedema -- Secondary Lymphedema -- Natural History -- Clinical Findings -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Complex Decongestive Physiotherapy -- Intermittent Pneumatic Compression -- Pharmacologic Treatment -- Surgical Treatment -- Erysipelas -- Concept -- Epidemiology -- Natural History -- Clinical Findings -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Complications -- What Can the Nonspecialist Do for the Patient with Lymphedema? -- When to Refer to Specialist? -- References -- 19: Clinical Treatment of Vascular Diseases.

Categories of Cardiovascular Risk.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.