Heart Failure in the Child and Young Adult : From Bench to Bedside.

Front Cover -- Heart Failure in the Child and Young Adult -- Heart Failure in the Childand Young Adult: From Bench to Bedside -- Copyright -- Jefferies-Heart Failure Dedications -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- REFERENCES -- 1 - Basic Science of Heart Failure -- 1 - Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Heart Failure -- INTRODUCTION -- GENETICS OF CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION AND HEART FAILURE -- Dilated Cardiomyopathy -- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -- Left Ventricular Noncompaction -- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy -- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy -- MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF HEART FAILURE -- Ventricular Remodeling -- Compensatory Mechanisms of Heart Failure -- Inflammatory Signaling and Fibrosis -- Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure -- Mitochondrial Dysfunction -- MicroRNAs -- MYOCARDIAL REGENERATIVE STRATEGIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Cardiovascular Receptors and Signaling in Heart Failure -- HISTORY OF ADRENERGIC SIGNALING AND THE HEART -- TRANSLATION OF BASIC RESEARCH INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE -- ADVANCES IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF Β-ADRENERGIC SIGNALING: FROM LINEARITY TO CROSS TALK -- Β1 VERSUS Β2 SIGNALING: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS -- BIASED SIGNALING VIA Β-ARRESTIN: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS -- PHARMACOGENOMICS OF Β-RECEPTORS/Β-BLOCKERS -- IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATING CHILDREN WITH HEART FAILURE -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Inflammatory Mediators in Heart Failure -- INTRODUCTION -- INFLAMMATION IN ADULT HEART FAILURE -- Prognosis and Biomarkers -- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFSF2) and IL-6 -- Soluble ST2 -- Galectin-3 and Pentraxin-3 -- Mechanisms of Immune Activation -- Myocardial Inflammation -- Systemic Inflammation -- Contribution of Inflammation to the Syndrome of Heart Failure -- Effects on the Myocardium -- Effects on the Vasculature -- Effects on Peripheral Tissues.

CLINICAL TRIALS OF IMMUNOMODULATION -- IL-1 Signaling Inhibition -- Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade -- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PEDIATRIC AND ADULT HEART AND IMMUNE SYSTEM -- Macrophages -- Macrophage Diversity -- Functions of Embryonic and Adult Macrophages in the Heart and Periphery -- Macrophage Heterogeneity in the Failing Heart -- Macrophage Heterogeneity in Peripheral Tissues -- IMPLICATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC HEART FAILURE -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Mechanisms of Cardiac Hypertrophy -- INTRODUCTION -- Definition and Significance of Myocardial Hypertrophy -- Cellular Mechanisms of Cardiac Hypertrophy -- Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Hypertrophy -- THE INFANT OF A DIABETIC MOTHER -- Ventricular Hypertrophy -- Mechanisms of Hypertrophy -- Resolution of Hypertrophy -- PULMONARY ARTERY BANDING -- Human Studies -- Adult Animal Models -- Juvenile Animal Models -- ATHLETE'S HEART -- Mechanisms of Hypertrophy -- Factors Affecting Hypertrophy -- Resolution of Hypertrophy -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 5 - Hemodynamic Adaptive Mechanisms in Heart Failure -- INTRODUCTION -- CARDIAC FUNCTION -- Stroke Volume -- Preload -- Afterload -- Contractility -- Cardiac Output/Cardiac Index -- NEUROHORMONAL COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS -- Autonomic Nervous System and Circulating Catecholamines -- Sympathetic Nervous System -- Circulating Catecholamines -- Parasympathetic Nervous System -- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System -- Natriuretic Peptides -- Vasopressin -- Endothelin -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 6 - Neurohormonal Axis and Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure -- PROGRESSIVE MODEL OF HEART FAILURE -- NEUROHORMONAL RESPONSES SPECIFIC TO PEDIATRIC HEART FAILURE -- Sympathetic Nervous System -- Components and Activation -- Alterations in Chronic Heart Failure -- Pediatric-Specific Data -- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Components -- Angiotensin II and Activation of Angiotensin Type 1 Receptors -- Formation of Angiotensin II -- Regulation and Activation of Angiotensin Type 1 Receptors -- Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Pathology -- Aldosterone -- Formation of Aldosterone and Mechanism of Action -- Aldosterone in Cardiovascular Pathology -- Pediatric-Specific Data -- Natriuretic Peptides -- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology -- Cardiovascular Actions -- Renal and Central Nervous System Effects -- Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure -- Pediatric-Specific Data -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relationships in Heart Failure -- INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY -- THE LEFT VENTRICULAR PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIP -- Changes in Left Ventricular Pressure and Volume During the Cardiac Cycle -- Left Ventricular External Work -- Left Ventricular Contractility -- Diastolic Function -- Energy Consumption -- Ventriculovascular Coupling -- COMPARISON OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS -- LEFT VENTRICULAR PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS IN HEART FAILURE -- Changes in the Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relationship in Heart Failure -- Effect of Therapies -- VENTRICULAR PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIAC FAILURE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 8 - Systolic and Diastolic Function -- INTRODUCTION -- SYSTOLIC FUNCTION -- PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIP AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE -- DIASTOLIC FUNCTION -- REFERENCES -- 9 - Echocardiographic Quantitation of Ventricular Function -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND TO ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF VENTRICULAR FUNCTION -- SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTION -- QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF VENTRICULAR FUNCTION -- EJECTION PHASE INDICES -- Geometrical Indices -- Ventricular Dimensions -- Left Ventricular Shortening and Ejection Fraction.

Doppler Ejection and Timing Indices -- Cardiac Timing Intervals and Related Measures Assessed From Doppler Flow -- Tissue Doppler Imaging -- Myocardial Strain -- Assessment of Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities -- Ventricular Dyssynchrony -- Echo Assessment of Diastolic Function -- Echo Assessment of Right Ventricular Function -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 10 - MRI Assessment of Heart Failure -- CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE -- Pediatric Examinations -- Sedation -- Scanner Field Strength -- CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNIQUES -- Anatomic Imaging -- Functional Cine Imaging -- Noncontrast Myocardial Characterization -- T2- and T1-Weighted Images -- T1 Parametric Imaging-Noncontrast -- T2 Parametric Imaging -- T2* Parametric Images -- T1 Rho Parametric Images -- Gadolinium Contrast Agents -- Late Gadolinium Enhancement -- T1 Parametric Mapping and Extracellular Volume Fraction Imaging-Postcontrast -- SPECIFIC DISEASE ENTITIES -- Myocarditis -- Neuromuscular Disease -- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -- Dilated Cardiomyopathy -- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy -- Ischemic Cardiomyopathy -- Anderson-Fabry -- Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 11 - Assessment of Heart Failure by Invasive Methods -- HISTORY -- CURRENT INDICATIONS -- HEMODYNAMIC EVALUATION -- RESTRICTIVE PHYSIOLOGY VERSUS CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS -- PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION -- HEMODYNAMIC EVALUATION IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE -- ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY -- CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- II - Clinical Diagnosis and Management of PediatricHeart Failure -- 12 - Epidemiology and Economics of Pediatric Heart Failure -- INTRODUCTION: CURRENT US HEALTH-CARE EXPENDITURES AND COST OF HEART DISEASE -- ADULT HEART FAILURE: COSTS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY.

PEDIATRIC HEART FAILURE: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OUTCOMES -- Congenital Heart Disease -- Cardiomyopathies -- Cardiomyopathy: Dilated -- Cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic -- Cardiomyopathy: Other Types -- PEDIATRIC HEART FAILURE: COSTS -- Costs of Inpatient Admissions -- Costs of Outpatient Care -- Specific Heart Failure Therapies -- Exploring Value in Pediatric Heart Failure -- Barriers to Understanding Costs and Value -- Future Directions -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 13 - Clinical Recognition of Congestive Heart Failure in Children -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY -- History-Age -- Infants (Age &lt -- 2) -- Children (Age 2-10) -- Older Children/Adolescents (Ages 6-18) -- History-Diagnosis -- Primary Cardiomyopathy -- Secondary "Cardiomyopathy" or Myocardial Dysfunction -- Myocarditis -- Congenital Heart Disease -- History-Family History -- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION -- Physical Examination-Age -- Infants (Age &lt -- 2) -- Children (Age 2-10) -- Older Children (Ages 6-18) -- Physical Examination-Diagnosis -- Primary Cardiomyopathy -- Secondary Cardiomyopathy -- Myocarditis -- Congenital Heart Disease -- SCORING SYSTEMS -- CONCLUSION -- ABBREVIATIONS -- References -- 14 - Classification of Heart Failure -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 15 - Right Ventricular Dysfunction -- INTRODUCTION -- THE UNSTRESSED RIGHT VENTRICLE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART -- VENTRICULAR-VENTRICULAR INTERACTIONS IN THE NORMAL HEART -- VENTRICULAR INTERDEPENDENCE IN DISEASE -- Acute Right Ventricular Dysfunction -- VENTRICULAR-VENTRICULAR INTERACTIONS IN CHRONIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION -- RIGHT VENTRICLE IN DILATED LEFT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 16 - Pediatric Myocarditis -- INTRODUCTION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- Causes -- Mechanisms of Cellular Damage and Cardiac Dysfunction -- Autoimmunity -- CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS -- Sudden Death.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.