The Malay Peninsula : Crossroads of the Maritime Silk Road (100 BC - 1300 AD).

Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- LIST OF DOCUMENTS -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER I. THE IMPACT OF GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND CLIMATE ON THE HISTORIC DESTINY OF THE MALAY PENINSULA -- A. GEOLOGICAL HISTORY -- I. The Position of the Malay Peninsula in Relation to the Continent of Asia -- II. The Sunda Platform: The Geological History of the Malay Peninsula -- III. The Rocks and Soils of the Malay Peninsula -- B. THE GREAT RELIEF ZONES -- I. The Mountain Ranges -- II. The Plains -- III. The Rivers -- C. THE CLIMATE -- I. The System of the Monsoons -- II. A Breakdown of the System of the Monsoon Winds and Ocean Currents -- III. Other Features of the Climate -- CHAPTER II. THE MALAY PENINSULA: OBSTACLE OR SOURCE OF CONTACTS AND PROFIT AMONG THE ASIAN CIVILIZATIONS? -- A. THE PEOPLES OF THE MALAY PENINSULA -- B. THE MALAY PENINSULA AS OBSTACLE -- I. The Transpeninsular Routes -- II. Circumpeninsular Navigation -- III. The Merchant Ships of the Southern Seas -- C. THE PENINSULA AS SOURCE OF CONTACTS AND PROFITS -- I. Landing Places -- II. "The Strange and the Precious -- III. Mineral Resources -- CHAPTER III. CONTACTS BETWEEN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AND THE MALAY PENINSULA BEFORE INDIANIZATION -- A. NEW DEFINITIONS OF INDIANIZATION -- B. INTER-REGIONAL CONTACTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE EARLY PERIOD -- C. CONTACTS BETWEEN INDIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE EARLY PERIOD -- I. Ban Don Ta Phet -- II. Khao Sam Keo -- III. Khuan Luk Pat -- IV. Kuala Selinsing -- CHAPTER IV. THE FIRST ACCOUNTS OF INDIANIZATION IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: FROM THE FIRST CENTURIES OF THE ERA TO THE END OF THE 4TH CENTURY -- CHAPTER V. PANPAN, FROM THE 5TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY: HISTORY AND BRAHMANICAL RELIGIOUS REMAINS -- A. HISTORIC REFERENCES TO PANPAN IN THE ASIAN CONTEXT -- B. BRAHMANICAL RELIGIOUS REMAINS -- I. Images of Visnu.

II. Lingas -- III. Ablution Basins and Pedestals -- IV. Gane&amp -- #346 -- a -- V. Brahmanical Architectural Remains -- CHAPTER VI. PANPAN, FROM THE 5TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY: BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS REMAINS -- A. IMAGES OF TRADITIONAL BUDDHISM -- 1. The Wiang Sa Buddha -- 2. The Sichon head of Buddha -- 3. Statue of Buddha -- 4. Bronze head and torso of Buddha -- 5. Bronze statuette of Buddha from Wat Chom Thong (Sichon) -- 6. Statue of seated Buddha from Wat Phra Barommathat (Chaiya) -- 7. Stone statuette of Buddha from Satingpra -- 8. Statues of Buddha in the Dv&amp -- #257 -- ravat&amp -- #299 -- style -- 9. Wheels of the Law -- B. MAH&amp -- #256 -- Y&amp -- #256 -- NA IMAGES -- 1. Stone statue of Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Chaiya -- 2. Bronze Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Khuan Saranrom -- 3. Stone head from Khao Nam Ron (Chaiya) -- 4. Stone statue of Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara -- 5. Stone statue of Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Wat Phra Barommathat (Chaiya) -- 6. Fragment of a statue from Khao Si Vichai (Phunphin) -- C. VOTIVE TABLETS -- D. VOTIVE STUPAS -- CHAPTER VII. LANGKASUKA: FROM THE 5TH TO THE END OF THE 8TH CENTURY -- A. LANGKASUKA IN THE ANCIENT TEXTS -- B. ON THE SITE OF LANGKASUKA: REMAINS LINKED TO RELIGIOUS RITES -- I. The Site of the Ancient City -- II. A Possible Geography of Langkasuka in the Early Period -- III. Archaeological Remains Linked to Religious Rites -- ARCHITECTURE -- OBJECTS OF BUDDHIST DEVOTION -- SCULPTURE -- ARTISTIC INFLUENCES ON LANGKASUKA -- C. ON THE SITE OF LANGKASUKA: REMAINS FROM COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY -- CHAPTER VIII. JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH): FROM THE 5TH TO THE END OF THE 8TH CENTURY. CHITU : AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 7TH CENTURY -- JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH) -- A. SOUTH KEDAH IN THE EARLY TEXTS -- B. THE POSSIBLE GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMY OF SOUTH KEDAH IN THE EARLY PERIOD.

I. The Coastal Landscape of South Kedah in the Early Period -- II. Agricultural Activity in South Kedah in the Early Period -- III. The Consequences of Agricultural Activity on the Morphology of the Landscape of South Kedah -- IV. An Estimate of the Population of South Kedah in the Early Period -- C. THE FIRST ARCHAEOLOGICAL VESTIGES OF SOUTH KEDAH -- I. Architectural Remains -- II. The Inscriptions -- III. Other Archaeological Objects -- CHITU -- CHAPTER IX. SRIVIJAYA AND THE MALAY PENINSULA: FROM THE END OF THE 7TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY -- A. &amp -- #346 -- R&amp -- #298 -- VIJAYA: MYTH OR REALITY? -- B. &amp -- #346 -- R&amp -- #298 -- VIJAYA'S HOLD OVER THE PENINSULA: LITERARY AND EPIGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS (7TH TO 8TH CENTURIES) -- I. In South Kedah (Jiecha) -- II. In Panpan -- III. In Langkasuka -- C. TOWARDS A REAPPRAISAL OF &amp -- #346 -- R&amp -- #298 -- VIJAYA'S HOLD OVER THE MALAY PENINSULA -- CHAPTER X. THE TURN OF THE 9TH CENTURY IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: THE ASIAN POLITICAL CONTEXT AND THE ENTREPÔT PORTS -- A. THE POLITICAL CONTEXT OF ASIA IN THE 9TH CENTURY -- I. The Middle East -- II. Central Asia -- III. China -- IV. Camp&amp -- #257 -- -- V. &amp -- #346 -- r&amp -- #299 -- vijaya -- VI. The P&amp -- #257 -- las -- VII. South lndia -- VIII. &amp -- #346 -- r&amp -- #299 -- Lank&amp -- #257 -- -- B. THE ENTREPÔT PORTS OF THE 9TH CENTURY -- I. Laem Pho -- II. Yarang -- III. Ko Kho Khao -- IV. Kampong Sungai Mas -- CHAPTER XI. THE TURN OF THE 9TH CENTURY IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: RELIGIOUS REMAINS -- A. ARCHITECTURAL REMAINS -- I. The East Coast of the Peninsula -- Panpan -- 1. Wat Keo -- 2. Wat Long -- 3. Wat Phra Barommathat -- 4. Other architectural vestiges -- 5. Other hills -- 6. Hills of Phunphin -- 7. Monuments from the southern limits of Panpan -- Langkasuka -- II. The West Coast of the Peninsula -- B. SCULPTURAL REMAINS.

I. Remains on the East Coast -- Panpan -- 1. Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Wat Phra Barommathat -- 2. Another Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Wat Phra Barommathat -- 3. Small Mah&amp -- #257 -- y&amp -- #257 -- na Buddhist bronzes -- 4. Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Phunphin -- 5. Buddha from Tham Khuha Sawan -- 6. Votive tablets -- The Southern part of Panpan -- 1. Votive tablets -- 2. Head of Buddha from Wat Khanaram (Na San) -- 3. Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Na San -- 4. Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Nong Hoi -- 5. Two other two-armed Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- varas -- 6. Bronze images from the vicinity of Satingpra -- 7. Gilt bronze image of Buddha from Satingpra -- 8. Gane&amp -- #347 -- a from Na San -- 9. Agastya from Satingpra -- 10. &amp -- #346 -- iva from Nong Hoi -- Langkasuka -- 1. Buddha from Wat Khuhaphimuk (Yala) -- 2. Bronze votive stupa from Wat Khuhaphimuk -- 3. Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Betong -- 4. Votive tablets -- 5. Votive stupas -- II. Remains on the West Coast -- The region of Takua Pa -- 1. The Phra Narai group of statues -- 2. Gane&amp -- #347 -- a from Ko Kho Khao -- 3. Som&amp -- #257 -- skanda from Ko Kho Khao -- 4. Bronze statuette of Buddha from Ko Kho Khao -- 5. Votive tablets -- The caves of the Trang Region -- Two caves in Perlis (Malaysia) -- The cave of Gua Berhala in Kelantan (Malaysia) -- South Kedah -- Perak -- 1. Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara from Bidor -- 2. Small bronze throne -- 3. Two lost bronze images -- 4. Stone votive stupa -- 5. Agastya from Jalong -- Vicinity of Pulau Ketam near Klang (Selangor, Malaysia) -- 1. Bronze Avalokite&amp -- #347 -- vara -- CHAPTER XII. THE SITUATION IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 10TH AND 11TH CENTURIES: THE APPEARANCE OF TAMBRALINGA -- A. THE POLITICO-COMMERCIAL ASIAN CONTEXT IN THE 10TH AND 11TH CENTURIES -- I. China.

II. The Middle East -- III. South India, &amp -- #346 -- r&amp -- #299 -- vijaya and Java -- IV. Tambralinga Seen through the Texts -- V. The Colas in the Malay Peninsula -- VI. Burma in the Malay Peninsula -- B. ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS THAT BEAR WITNESS TO THE 10TH AND 11TH CENTURIES IN THE MALAY PENINSULA -- I. Theories Concerning Commercial Activities in this Period -- II. Architectural Remains -- III. Sculptural Remains -- CHAPTER XIII. THE COMMERCIAL BOOM IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 12TH AND 13TH CENTURIES: IN TAMBRALINGA -- A. THE ASIAN POLITICAL CONTEXT IN THE 12TH AND 13TH CENTURIES -- I. China -- II. The Middle East -- III. India -- IV. Insulinde (The East Indies) -- V. Other Regions of Southeast Asia -- B. TAMBRALINGA IN THE 12TH CENTURY -- I. Historical Facts Related to the 12th Century -- II. Archaeological and Topological Facts Related to the 12th Century -- C. TAMBRALINGA FROM THE END OF THE 12TH TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 13TH CENTURY -- I. Historical Facts -- II. The Archaeological Facts -- CHAPTER XIV. THE COMMERCIAL BOOM IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 12TH AND 13TH CENTURIES: IN JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH) -- A. THE ENTREPOTS PORT SITES -- I. Kampong Pengkalan Bujang -- II. Kampong Simpor Tambang -- III. Kampong Sireh -- IV. Evaluation of the Topographical Evolution of the Region from the 12th to the 14th Century -- B. THE ARCHITECTURAL REMAINS -- I. Brahmanical Architectural Remains -- II. Unidentified or Unexcavated Remains -- C. ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES -- I. The Inscriptions -- II. Sculptures -- III. Imported Ceramics -- IV. Middle Eastern Glassware -- V. Beads -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHRONOLOGY -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z -- DOCUMENTS -- FIGURES.

This book attempts to give an accurate history of the Malay peninsula from the first centuries of the Chrisitan era to the 14th century, a story of city states and chiefdoms directly connected with the commercial relationship of the maritime Silk Road.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.