Obesity : A Practical Guide.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- About the Editors -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: White Adipose Tissue: Beyond Fat Storage -- Introduction -- Adipokines and Their Metabolic Function -- Leptin -- Leptin Resistance Syndrome -- Leptin and Neuroendocrine Functions -- Adiponectin -- Tumor Necrosis Factor- α -- Interleukin-6 -- Adipocyte Trypsin -- Resistin -- Plasminogen Activating Inhibitor (PAI)-1 -- Proteins of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) -- Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Corticosteroids -- Adipokines and Atherosclerosis -- Conclusion -- References -- 2: Brown Adipose Tissue and Obesity -- Introduction -- Anatomical Locations of BAT in Humans -- Origin and Differentiation -- Regulation of BAT Thermogenesis -- BAT, Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases -- Cancer Cachexia Syndrome (CCS) -- Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (Madelung's Disease/Syndrome or Launois Bensaude Syndrome) (MSL) -- Huntington's Disease (HD) -- Role of Bat in Obesity Treatment -- Pharmacological Strategies -- Irisin and BMP7 -- Cold-Induced Energy Expenditure -- Melatonin -- Cell-Based Therapies -- Conclusion -- References -- 3: Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Obesity -- Introduction -- Essential Fatty Acids -- Omega-3 Long Chain-­Polyunsaturated Fats and Obesity -- Human Evidence -- Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) -- Observational Studies -- Animal Evidence -- Potential Mechanisms of Action -- Increased Fat Oxidation -- Suppression of Fat Synthesis -- Improved insulin sensitivity -- Satiety -- Increased Muscle Blood Flow -- Reduced Adipose Tissue Inflammation -- Which LC N-3 PUFA - EPA, DPA OR DHA? -- LC N-3 PUFA - Supply and Demand -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Leptin and Obesity -- Introduction -- Leptin Biology -- Gene and Structure -- Production and Regulation -- Leptin Receptor -- Animal Models of Leptin Deficiency.

Leptin Signalling -- JAK2/STAT3 -- JAK2/STAT5 -- SHP2/ERK -- IRS/PI3K -- Other Leptin Signaling Downstream of IRS-PI3K -- Leptin Function -- Food Intake -- Energy Expenditure -- Glucose and Lipid Metabolism -- Neuroendocrine Function -- Leptin Treatment for Obesity -- Leptin Treatment in Human with Leptin Deficiency -- Leptin Resistance -- Potential Leptin-Sensitizing Molecules -- Leptin Treatment in the Maintenance of Weight Loss -- Conclusion -- References -- 5: Role of Neuro-Endocrine System in Obesity -- Energy and Life -- Energy Cycle Body Mass and Obesity -- Gastrointestinal Hormones, Neuron Systems, Satiety and Body Weight -- Ghrelin -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Oxidative Stress and Obesity -- Introduction -- Oxidative Stress: An Overview -- Free Radical -- Antioxidant -- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -- Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) -- Oxidative Damage -- Oxidative Stress -- Biomarkers of Redox State -- Evidence for Obesity-Related Oxidative Stress in Humans -- Mechanisms Underlying Oxidative Stress in Obesity and Oxidative Stress-Induced Diseases -- Mechanisms Underlying Oxidative Stress -- Oxidative Stress-Induced Diseases -- Lifestyle and Nutritional Intervention to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Obesity -- Conclusions -- References -- 7: Genetics of Human Obesity -- Introduction -- The Genetics of Obesity -- Evidence for the Obesity Predisposition Heritability -- Monogenic Forms of Obesity -- Genome Approaches for the Study of Common Obesity -- Linkage Analysis -- Candidate Gene Studies -- Genome-Wide Association Studies -- New Approaches for the Study of Common Obesity -- Genes Associated with Common Obesity Discovered by GWAS -- Common Childhood Obesity -- GWAS in Other Ethnic Groups -- The "Missing Heritability" of the Genetics of Human Obesity -- Rare Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms -- Copy Number Variations -- Epigenetic Factors.

Interaction Between Genetics and Lifestyle Factors -- Gene-Gene Interaction (Epistasis) -- Link Between Nutrition and Genomics -- Link Between Physical Activity and Genomics -- Drug-Genotype Interaction -- Bariatric Surgery -- Gut Microbiota and Obesity -- Conclusion -- References -- 8: Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Evaluation and Treatment -- Stratification Strategies -- Treatment Strategies -- Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Treatment -- Surgical Revascularization -- Pharmacotherapy -- Conclusions -- References -- 9: Obesity and Diabetes -- Introduction -- Diabetes -- Prevalence of Diabetes -- Risk Factors for Diabetes -- Sign and Symptoms of Diabetes -- Consequences of Diabetes -- Obesity -- Obesity and Overweight -- Measurement of Obesity -- Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight -- Reasons for Global Increase in Obesity -- Consequences of Obesity -- Association Between Obesity and Diabetes -- Control of Obesity and Its Effects on Diabetes -- Cost of Treating Obesity and Diabetes -- Overlapping Biochemistry of Obesity and Diabetes -- Insulin Signalling Pathway -- Mechanism for Insulin Resistance -- Obesity, a Main Mediator of Insulin Resistance -- Endoplasmic Reticulum and T2DM -- So What Can Be Done to Minimise the Obesity and Diabetes Related Complications? -- At Personal Level -- At Parental Levels -- At Educational Level -- At Social Level -- At Governmental and International Levels -- Conclusion -- References -- 10: Obesity and Breathing Related Sleep Disorders -- Introduction -- Effects of Obesity on Sleep -- Obstructive Sleep Apnoea -- Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome -- The Relationship Between OSA and OHS -- Morbidity and Mortality -- Diagnosis -- Treatment Options -- Conclusion -- References -- 11: Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease and Obesity: Pathophysiology and Putative Treatment.

Introduction -- Gord and Obesity: Is There a Link? -- The Mechanisms of Gastro-­Oesophageal Reflux in Obesity -- Normal Anatomy and Physiology -- Pathophysiological Mechanisms Predisposing to GORD in Obese Patients -- Investigations and Diagnosis -- Treatment of Gord in Obese Patients -- The Weight Loss -- Conservative Treatment Versus Surgical Management -- Antireflux Surgery and Obesity -- The Role Bariatric Surgery -- Selection of Right Procedure -- Conclusion -- References -- 12: Obesity and Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children -- Introduction -- Obesity and GER -- Mechanism of Association with Obesity and GER -- Clinical Significance -- Obesity and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDS) -- Obesity and Functional Constipation -- Obesity and Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- Mechanism Behind Association of Obesity and FGIDS -- Clinical Significance -- Obesity and Organic Gastrointestinal Disorders -- Obesity and Celiac Disease -- Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Mechanisms of Association of Obesity and Organic Gastrointestinal Disorders -- Clinical Significance -- Conclusion -- References -- 13: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obesity -- Introduction -- Etiology and Pathophysiology -- Insulin Resistance -- Adipokines, Proinflammatory Cytokines and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors -- Gut-Microbial Alternation and TLRs Stimulation -- Clinical and Laboratory Investigations in NAFLD -- Treatment -- Life Style Modification - Diet and Physical Exercise -- Weight Loss Medications -- Bariatric Surgery -- Insulin-Sensitizing Medications -- Hypolipidemic Medications -- Antioxidants -- Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation -- Probiotics -- Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) -- Conclusion -- References -- 14: Obesity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Chronic Kidney Disease -- Introduction.

What Defines Metabolically Healthy Verses Abnormal Obesity? -- Risk Factors for Developing CKD in the Obese Patient -- Pathophysiology of Obesity Related Kidney Disease -- Obesity Leads to Metaflammation -- Nutritional Free Fatty Acids: Their Link to Metaflammation -- FFA, FETUIN-A, and TLR-4 Leading to Metaflammation -- Fatty Liver Accumulation: Its Connection to Metaflammation -- Gastrointestinal Microbiome Associated with Metaflammation Through Increased Adipokines Causing a Leaky Gut -- Activation of the RAAS Through Various Mechanisms, Specifically Perirenal Sinus Fat Accumulation Leading to Metaflammation and Oxidative Stress -- CKD as a Result of Metaflammation and Insulin Resistance -- Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 15: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Obesity -- Introduction -- Linking PCOS with Obesity Through Epidemiology and Genetics -- Fat as a Contributor to Development of PCOS -- Fat and Insulin Resistance in PCOS -- Fat, Steroids and Adipokines in PCOS -- Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Across Phenotypic Subgroups of PCOS -- Fat Distribution in PCOS -- Treatment Strategies for Obese Women with PCOS -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 16: Obesity and Cancer -- Introduction -- How Obesity and Cancer are Linked? -- Lipid Accumulation -- Metaflammation -- Insulin Resistance -- Adipokines -- Obesity that Linked to Specific Cancers -- Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- Colorectal Cancer -- Esophageal Cancer -- Pancreatic Cancer -- Breast Cancer -- Conclusions -- References -- 17: Obesity and Thyroid Cancer -- Introduction -- Introduction of Thyroid Cancer -- Relationship Between Obesity and Thyroid Cancer -- 1990-2000 -- 2001-2010 -- 2011-Present -- Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Cancers in Obesity -- Thyroid Hormones -- Cytokines, Adipokines and Inflammation -- Adipokines - Link Between Obesity and Inflammation -- Conclusion.

References.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.