Routledge Handbook of Sport and Exercise Systems Genetics.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- References -- Section 1 General systems genetics -- 1 Why study the systems genetics of sport and exercise? -- Introduction -- Exercise systems genomics -- Exercise presents a high stress -- however, the body is able to survive by maintaining its homeostasis... -- Exercise systems genetics versus inactivity systems genetics -- Physical inactivity is a necessary reference group to show healthy exercise effects - and turns... -- A biased positive look to the future -- A projection into where technology seems to be taking physical inactivity -- Multiple, biased, concerned looks to the future -- New technology is often based upon reducing physical activity -- Inheritance of low voluntary running behavior -- Does epigenetics play a role in type 2 diabetes and in physical inactivity? -- Low voluntary running animal model to mimic increased human inactivity -- The high economic costs of physical inactivity are contributing in their small way to the bankruptcy of our children's future cost of living -- What systems genetics could do for humans -- References -- 2 Expansion of knowledge and advances in genetics for quantitative analyses -- Introduction -- The Human Genome Project -- Advances in sequencing -- Association studies -- Noncoding sequences -- Noncoding RNA and antisense sequences -- MicroRNAs -- Exosomes -- Epigenetics -- Summary -- References -- 3 human systems genetic modeling used in exercise -- Introduction -- Study of families -- What are families? -- Quantifying family data -- Twin studies -- Biology of twins and twinning -- The classical twin model -- Basic concepts of the twin model -- The univariate twin model -- Multivariate twin models.

MZ discordant pairs to study causal associations -- Adoption studies -- Twin family designs -- Genome-wide association studies -- The future in the era of molecular genetics -- Further reading -- References -- 4 The translation of systems genetics of exercise to everyday life -- Introduction -- Theoretical foundations of exercise interventions -- Translating exercise genomics into practice -- Using genetic information to enhance exercise adherence -- Using genetic information to enhance exercise prescription and intervention -- Using genetic information to identify individuals at risk for exercise dropout -- Conclusion -- References -- Section 2 Systems genetics of physical activity -- 5 Is physical activity regulated by genetics? Evidence from animal models -- What is physical activity in an animal model? -- Heritability -- Genetic architecture -- Genetic mapping -- Fine-mapping approaches -- Future directions -- References -- 6 Is physical activity regulated by genetics? Evidence from studies in humans -- Introduction -- Twin studies -- Physical activity phenotypes -- Meta-analyses -- Results for total physical activity -- Results for moderate to vigorous physical activity -- Results for leisure-time physical activity -- Results for voluntary exercise behavior -- Gene-finding studies -- Linkage -- Genome-wide association -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 The evolution of genetic mechanisms controlling physical activity -- Introduction -- Potential selection pressures driving the development of genetic regulation of physical activity -- Daily energy expenditure as a selection pressure -- Food accessibility as a selection pressure -- Duration of exercise as a potential selection pressure -- Age of associated alleles -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Neurogenetics of motivation for physical activity -- Introduction.

The natural reward circuit as a molding block for evolution of behavior -- Beyond dopamine -- Specificity of reward circuitry for promoting physical activity remains elusive -- Physical activity activates the hippocampus, but the functional significance remains a mystery -- Genetic regulatory mechanisms for increasing motivation for physical activity -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Peripheral mechanisms arising from genetics that regulate activity -- Introduction -- Peripheral factors affecting the capability to be physically activity -- Substrate utilization may influence physical activity -- Skeletal muscle force of contraction and muscle fatigue may influence physical activity -- Confirming candidate genes' involvement in physical activity -- Summary -- References -- 10 Toxicant and dietary exposures as unique environmental factors that affect the genetic regulation of activity -- Introduction -- How might unique environmental factors influence an individual's drive to be active? -- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals -- Endocrine disruptors' effect on physical activity -- Effects of diet on physical activity regulation -- Caloric restriction -- Overfeeding -- Conclusion and future directions -- References -- Section 3 Systems genetics of exercise endurance and trainability -- 11 The evolution of the human endurance phenotype -- Defining the endurance phenotype -- Comparative approach: Physical activity in extant apes and humans -- Morphological approach: Analyses of the human fossil record -- Ecological pressures and changing lifestyles in human evolution -- Skeletal adaptations to high-speed, long-distance locomotion -- Skeletal adaptations for energy economy -- Skeletal adaptations for high forces -- Physiological adaptations for endurance -- An evolutionary framework for the endurance phenotype -- Evolutionary exercise physiology and human health.

Conclusions: What can genetics bring to the evolutionary story and vice versa? -- References -- 12 Endurance phenotype primer -- Introduction and evolutionary considerations of the endurance phenotype -- Acute and chronic physiologic responses to endurance exercise -- Metabolic flexibility -- Cardiorespiratory responses -- Blood flow redistribution -- Neuroendocrine influence on metabolic flexibility -- Thermoregulatory and blood volume perseveration -- Section summary -- Skeletal muscle and the myocardium: Responsiveness to endurance training -- Whole-body adaptations resulting from skeletal muscle and myocardial adaptations -- Molecular pathways that facilitate endurance training adaptations -- PGC-1a and VEGF -- AMPK signaling -- CaMKII-p38/MAPK -- SIRT1/3 -- NRF2 signaling -- eNOS and nitric oxide signaling -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 Heritability of endurance traits from animal research models -- Introduction -- Intrinsic endurance exercise capacity -- Selected strains/artificial selection -- Inbred strain comparisons -- Genetic mapping -- Responses to exercise training -- Selected strains/artificial selection -- Inbred strain comparisons -- Quantitative trait locus mapping -- Mouse-rat-human comparative genomics -- Summary and future directions -- References -- 14 Heritability of endurance traits from human research models -- Heritability of intrinsic levels of endurance traits -- Human variation in endurance training responses -- Heritability of the response of endurance traits to exercise training -- Twin studies -- Family studies -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Genetic contributions to cardiorespiratory fitness -- Introduction -- Cardiac function -- Cardiac function, QTL, and candidate genes -- Respiratory function -- Heritability of and QTL for pulmonary function -- Pulmonary function and genetics.

Hypoxia, pulmonary function, and genetics -- High-altitude versus sea-level dwellers -- Candidate genes for pulmonary function responses and adaptations to hypoxia -- Summary -- References -- 16 Genetic contributions to mitochondrial traits -- Introduction -- Mitochondrial biology -- Origin and structure of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA -- Mitochondrial biogenesis and regulation -- Functions of mitochondria -- Exercise adaptations and mtDNA variants -- Mitochondrial disorders -- Healthy individuals -- Exercise adaptations, NuGEMP variants, and mitochondrial biogenesis genes -- Mitochondrial disorders -- Healthy individuals -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Angiotensin-converting enzyme and the genomics of endurance performance -- Introduction -- Systematic review methods -- Trial selection process -- Classical and nonclassical renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in relation to cardiovascular control and... -- The influence of ACE on endurance exercise performance -- ACE rs4340, plasma ACE concentration/activity, and endurance performance -- ACE rs4340, endurance performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness as assessed by maximal... -- ACE rs4340 and other measures of endurance performance -- ACE rs4340, endurance performance, and cardiac function -- ACE rs4340, endurance performance, and muscle metabolism -- ACE rs4340, endurance exercise performance, and fluid electrolyte balance -- ACE rs4340 and endurance performance at high altitude -- ACE rs4340 and endurance exercise health-related outcomes -- ACE rs4340 and the blood pressure response to endurance exercise -- ACE rs4340 and the response of other endurance exercise health-related outcomes -- Conclusion -- References -- Section 4 Systems genetics of muscle mass, strength, and trainability -- 18 Heritability of muscle size and strength traits -- Heritability of muscle mass.

Heritability of regional muscle mass based on circumferences - anthropometric measures.

The Routledge Handbook of Sport and Exercise Systems Genetics takes an approach which covers single gene variations, through genomics, epigenetics and proteomics, to environmental and dietary influences on genetic mechanisms. It examines genetic methods, muscle strength and sports performance, and ethical considerations of genetic research.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.