Water Transport in Brick, Stone and Concrete.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- 1. Porous materials -- 1.1. Describing the porosity -- 1.1.1. Connected and disconnected porosity -- 1.1.2. Defining the porosity -- 1.2. Measuring the porosity -- 1.2.1. Liquid saturation methods -- 1.2.2. Helium pycnometry -- 1.2.3. Stereology and microtomography -- 1.2.4. X-ray and gamma-ray attenuation -- 1.2.5. Usefulness of the solid density -- 1.3. Values of the porosity -- 1.4. Properties of the porosity -- 1.4.1. Temperature dependence -- 1.4.2. Stress dependence -- 1.4.3. Scale dependence -- 1.4.4. Formation factor -- 1.5. Pore size and its measurement -- 2. Water in porous materials -- 2.1. Defining the water content -- 2.2. Measuring the water content -- 2.2.1. Direct methods -- 2.2.2. Indirect methods -- 2.2.3. Field methods -- 2.3. How the water is held in a porous material -- 2.3.1. Capillary forces and wetting -- 2.3.2. The Kelvin equation in capillary systems -- 2.3.3. Capillary forces and suction in unsaturated materials -- 2.4. Hydraulic potential -- 2.4.1. Defining the hydraulic potential -- 2.4.2. Equations for the hydraulic potential -- 2.5. Measuring the hydraulic potential -- 2.6. Values of the hydraulic potential -- 2.7. Capillary condensation and hygroscopicity -- 2.8. Changes of appearance on wetting and drying -- 2.9. The moisture state -- 3. Flow in porous materials -- 3.1. Permeability -- 3.1.1. Gas-phase flows -- 3.2. Measuring the permeability -- 3.2.1. Effect of compressive stress on permeability -- 3.2.2. Comment on permeability test methods -- 3.2.3. Gas permeability measurements -- 3.2.4. Calculating the permeability from microstructural information -- 3.3. Permeabilities of construction materials -- 3.3.1. Permeabilities of cement-based materials.

3.4. Unsaturated flow: extended Darcy law -- 3.5. The potential-conductivity formulation -- 3.6. Measuring the conductivity -- 3.6.1. Equations for the conductivity -- 3.7. The diffusivity-water-content formulation -- 3.8. Measuring the diffusivity -- 3.8.1. Equations for the diffusivity -- 3.9. Diffusion in the gas phase: vapour transport -- 3.9.1. Measurement of vapour transmission -- 3.9.2. Moisture buffering -- 3.10. Liquid-liquid multiphase flows -- 3.11. Miscible displacement and hydrodynamic dispersion -- 3.12. Immiscible displacement -- 3.13. Test methods for two-phase flow properties -- 3.14. An historical note -- 4. Unsaturated flows -- 4.1. One-dimensional water absorption -- 4.2. The sorptivity -- 4.2.1. Contact time -- 4.3. The desorptivity -- 4.4. The Sharp Front model -- 4.5. Gravitational effects -- 4.6. Pressure head: integrating saturated and unsaturated flow -- 4.7. Measuring the sorptivity -- 4.7.1. Direct gravimetric method -- 4.7.2. Methods based on penetration distance -- 4.7.3. Methods based on measurement of moisture distributions -- 4.8. Sorptivities of construction materials -- 4.8.1. Sorptivity and composition -- 4.8.2. Sorptivity of cement-based materials -- 5. Composite and nonuniform materials -- 5.1. Layered materials -- 5.1.1. Two-layer composite -- 5.1.2. Multiple layers -- 5.1.3. Diffusivity analysis of layered composites -- 5.1.4. Flow parallel to interfaces -- 5.2. Materials with nonuniform transport properties -- 5.3. Materials with inclusions -- 5.3.1. Nonsorptive inclusions -- 5.3.2. Sorptive inclusions -- 5.4. Other composite materials -- 6. Unsaturated flow in building physics -- 6.1. Methods of calculation and analysis -- 6.1.1. Two-dimensional steady flows -- 6.1.2. Finite sources -- 6.1.3. Field test methods -- 6.2. Flow in other geometries -- 6.3. Flow in temperature gradients.

6.4. Hygrothermal simulation tools -- 7. Evaporation and drying -- 7.1. Physics of evaporation -- 7.2. Drying of porous materials -- 7.3. Wick action -- 7.4. Capillary rise with evaporation: a Sharp Front analysis -- 7.5. Salt crystallisation and efflorescence -- 8. Topics in materials behaviour -- 8.1. Air trapping in water absorption -- 8.1.1. Secondary sorptivity -- 8.2. Some physical effects of moisture -- 8.2.1. Shrinkage and expansion in cements and binders -- 8.2.2. Moisture expansion in clay brick -- 8.2.3. Chemical action in water transport -- 8.3. Slurries: water retention and transfer -- 8.3.1. Sharp Front analysis of slurry dewatering -- 8.3.2. Measuring slurry hydraulic properties -- 8.3.3. Dewatering in controlled permeability formwork -- 8.3.4. Wet mixes and dry backgrounds -- 8.3.5. Diffusivity model -- 8.3.6. Plastering and bond -- 8.4. Frost damage -- 9. Topics in moisture dynamics -- 9.1. Rain absorption on building surfaces -- 9.2. Moisture dynamics -- 9.2.1. Rising damp -- 9.2.2. Flow and damage at the base of masonry walls -- 9.2.3. Remedial treatments: methods -- 9.2.4. Remedial treatments: requirements -- 9.2.5. Moisture state of a cavity wall -- 9.3. Drying of buildings -- Appendix A: symbols and acronyms -- Appendix B: properties of water -- Appendix C: minerals, salts and solutions -- Appendix D: other liquids -- Appendix E: other data -- Bibliography -- Index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.