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Water Science, Policy and Management : A Global Challenge.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2020Copyright date: ©2020Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (410 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781119520597
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Water Science, Policy and ManagementLOC classification:
  • HD1691 .W384 2020
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedicated Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Water Science, Policy, and Management: Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Drivers of Change: Environment, Politics, Economics -- 1.3 Responses to Change: Technology, Information, Equity -- 1.4 Science, Policy and Management -- Part I Water Science -- Chapter 2 Hydroclimatic Extremes and Climate Change -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Key Concepts in Climate Science -- 2.2.1 The Water Cycle in the Earth System -- 2.2.2 Radiative Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere -- 2.2.3 Convection and Atmospheric Stability -- 2.2.4 The General Circulation -- 2.3 Hydroclimatic Variability and Extremes -- 2.3.1 Modes of Hydroclimatic Variability -- 2.3.2 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) -- 2.3.3 South Asian Monsoon -- 2.3.4 North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) -- 2.3.5 Other Modes of Variability -- 2.4 Climate Change and Hydrology -- 2.4.1 Understanding the Link Between Climate Change and Hydroclimatic Extremes -- 2.4.2 Climate Models and Climate Projections -- 2.4.3 Downscaling and Uncertainty -- 2.5 Managing Hydroclimatic Extremes -- 2.5.1 Quantifying Risk and Uncertainty -- 2.5.2 Planning for Extremes in Flood Risk and Water Resources Management -- 2.5.3 Comparing Top-down with Bottom-up Approaches -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Groundwater Resources: Past, Present, and Future -- 3.1 Introduction to Groundwater Science -- 3.2 Quantities of Groundwater: Storage, Recharge, and Abstraction -- 3.2.1 What Do We Know? -- 3.2.2 Future Outlook on Measuring Groundwater Quantity -- 3.2.3 Improving Scientific Knowledge of Groundwater Volumes and Fluxes -- 3.3 Groundwater Quality -- 3.3.1 The Composition of Groundwater: Natural Baselines and Pollution.
3.3.2 Future Outlook on Groundwater Water Quality: Key Constraints and Approaches to Addressing Them -- 3.4 Groundwater and Climate Change -- 3.4.1 Long-term Climatic Influences on Groundwater -- 3.4.2 Current and Future Influences of Climate Change on Groundwater -- 3.5 Continuing Challenges for Groundwater Science -- 3.6 Concluding Points -- References -- Chapter 4 Water Quality Modelling, Monitoring, and Management -- 4.1 Water Quality Modelling Background -- 4.1.1 Water Quality: The Problem -- 4.1.2 Management Model Approaches and History -- 4.1.3 Generic Types of Water Quality Models -- 4.1.4 Lumped Modelling Approaches -- 4.1.5 Case Study 1: Modelling of Metals Downstream of Mines in Transylvania -- 4.2 Water Quality Modelling at the Catchment Scale -- 4.2.1 Integrated Catchment Approach - A Brief Review -- 4.2.2 The Integrated Catchments (INCA) Model System -- 4.2.3 Case Study 2: Modelling Contaminants Using INCA - Metaldehyde in the Thames -- 4.2.4 Case Study 3: Water Quality in the Turag‐Balu River System, Dhaka, Bangladesh -- 4.2.5 Model Uncertainty -- 4.3 Monitoring Strategies Past and Present -- 4.3.1 Global Monitoring -- 4.3.2 National-scale Monitoring -- 4.3.3 Long-term Monitoring of Key Scientific Sites -- 4.3.4 Citizen Science Monitoring -- 4.3.5 Case Study 4: Monitoring and Modelling the Murray‐Darling System in Australia -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Challenges for Freshwater Ecosystems -- 5.1 How do Freshwater Ecosystems Work? -- 5.1.1 Structure and Function of Freshwater Ecosystems -- 5.1.2 Key Challenges in Freshwater Ecology -- 5.2 The Challenge of Water Quality Management: Linking Freshwater Ecosystems to Water Quality -- 5.2.1 'The Kidneys of the Landscape' -- 5.2.2 Constructed Wetlands -- 5.2.3 Managing Freshwater Ecosystems for Water Quality Enhancement.
5.3 The Challenge of Invasive Non-native Species: Impacts on Diversity and Ecosystem Function -- 5.3.1 The Spread of Non-native Freshwater Species -- 5.3.2 Impacts of INNS -- 5.3.3 What Can be Done About the Problem? -- 5.4 The Challenge of Environmental Change: Managing Biogeochemical Cycles and Water Security in Freshwaters -- 5.4.1 Impacts of Warming and Changing Atmospheric GHGs on Freshwaters -- 5.4.2 Environmental Flows -- 5.5 Approaches to Tackling the Challenges of Freshwater Ecosystem Conservation and Management -- 5.5.1 Technical Innovations -- 5.5.1.1 Environmental DNA -- 5.5.1.2 Remote Sensing Methods and Databases -- 5.5.2 Social Science Innovations -- References -- Chapter 6 Water and Health: A Dynamic, Enduring Challenge -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Classifying and Measuring Health Outcomes -- 6.3 Politics and Innovation in Water and Health -- 6.3.1 Measurement: Understanding the Role of Malnutrition and Infection in Diarrhoea -- 6.3.2 Treatment: Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) -- 6.3.3 Knowledge: Emerging Health Issues -- 6.3.4 Politics and the Pace of Disruption -- 6.4 Beyond Outbreaks: The Underreported Health Burden of Inadequate Water Supplies -- 6.5 Enteric Environmental Dysfunction -- 6.5.1 Visible Disease from Chemical Exposure -- 6.5.2 Hypertension and Cancer -- 6.5.3 Cognitive Impairment -- 6.5.4 Psychosocial Distress -- 6.5.5 Revisiting the Water-Related Burden of Disease -- 6.6 Water and Health Challenges in the SDG Period -- 6.6.1 Improving Service Levels -- 6.6.2 Improving Water Quality Testing Methods -- 6.6.3 Leaving No One Behind -- 6.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 Monitoring and Modelling Hydrological Processes -- 7.1 Modelling Hydrological Systems: Current Approaches -- 7.1.1 From Local Catchment Models to Global Hydrological Studies.
7.1.2 Validation, Verification, and Confirmation in Hydrological Modelling -- 7.1.3 Representing Human-managed Water Systems -- 7.2 Monitoring Hydrological Systems -- 7.2.1 Monitoring the Global Water Cycle Across Scales -- 7.2.2 Decline of In Situ Monitoring -- 7.2.3 The Role of EO -- 7.2.4 Land-based and Airborne Techniques -- 7.2.5 Non-traditional Hydrological Monitoring Systems -- 7.3 Future Challenges -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Policy -- Chapter 8 Reallocating Water -- 8.1 Water Crises as Allocation Challenges -- 8.2 Navigating Reallocation -- 8.3 Socio-cultural Dimensions -- 8.3.1 Navigating the Changing Culture of Water in Spain -- 8.4 Natural and Technological Dimensions -- 8.5 Political Economy Dimensions -- 8.5.1 Barriers to Reallocation from Agriculture to the City of Cape Town -- 8.6 A Ladder of Interventions? -- 8.7 Frontiers of Water Allocation -- References -- Chapter 9 Rural Water Policy in Africa and Asia -- 9.1 Fifty Years of Rural Water Policy in Africa and Asia -- 9.2 Pillars of Rural Water Policy -- 9.3 Community Access, 1980-2000 -- 9.4 Rights and Results, 2000-2020 -- 9.5 Regulated Services, 2020-2030 -- 9.6 Limits to Progress -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10 The Human Right to Water -- 10.1 The Legal and Historical Background of the Human Right to Water -- 10.2 Defining the Human Right to Water -- 10.2.1 Difference Between Human Right to Water and Water Rights -- 10.3 Implementing the Human Right to Water -- 10.4 Gap Between Policy Articulation and Implementation of the Human Right to Water -- 10.5 Key Policy Challenges Facing the Human Right to Water -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11 Policy Processes in Flood Risk Management -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Flood Risk: Global and Local Scales -- 11.3 Three Theories of the Policy Process.
11.3.1 Punctuated Equilibrium -- 11.3.2 Multiple Streams -- 11.3.3 Advocacy Coalitions -- 11.4 Four Contrasting Case Studies of the Policy Process -- 11.4.1 South Africa: 1994-2002 and Beyond -- 11.4.2 Advocacy Coalitions in Bangladesh and the Role of Donor Agencies -- 11.4.3 Flood Risk Management in Tanzania: The President as Policy Entrepreneur -- 11.4.4 Flood Insurance in the UK: Six Decades of Relative Policy Stability -- 11.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 The Political Economy of Wastewater in Europe -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Models of Service Delivery -- 12.3 Wastewater as a Driver of Investment and Cost Recovery -- 12.4 Case Studies - Paris and Ireland -- 12.4.1 Paris -- 12.4.2 Ireland -- 12.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- 12.5.1 The Hidden Role of Wastewater -- 12.5.2 Emerging Needs and Opportunities in Wastewater -- References -- Chapter 13 Drought Policy and Management -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Drought, Aridity, Water Scarcity, and Desertification -- 13.3 Climate Change and Drought -- 13.4 Drought Policy and Management Development -- 13.4.1 Drought Legislation -- 13.4.2 Drought Policies -- 13.4.3 Drought Governance -- 13.5 The 'Three Pillars' of Drought Management -- 13.5.1 Pillar 1: Drought Monitoring and Early Warning Systems -- 13.5.2 Pillar 2: Drought Impact and Vulnerability Assessments -- 13.5.3 Pillar 3: Drought Preparedness Planning -- 13.5.4 A Range of Policy Instruments Including Insurance and Water Allocation Regimes -- 13.6 Drought in Mongolia -- 13.6.1 Pillars 1 and 2: Drought Monitoring, Impacts, and Vulnerability -- 13.6.2 Pillar 3: Drought Preparedness, Mitigation, and Response Strategies -- 13.7 The Example of the Middle East and North Africa Region -- 13.7.1 Pillar 1: Technical and Institutional Drought Monitoring Challenges.
13.7.2 Pillars 2 and 3: Drought Management Institutional Coordination Challenges.
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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedicated Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Water Science, Policy, and Management: Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Drivers of Change: Environment, Politics, Economics -- 1.3 Responses to Change: Technology, Information, Equity -- 1.4 Science, Policy and Management -- Part I Water Science -- Chapter 2 Hydroclimatic Extremes and Climate Change -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Key Concepts in Climate Science -- 2.2.1 The Water Cycle in the Earth System -- 2.2.2 Radiative Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere -- 2.2.3 Convection and Atmospheric Stability -- 2.2.4 The General Circulation -- 2.3 Hydroclimatic Variability and Extremes -- 2.3.1 Modes of Hydroclimatic Variability -- 2.3.2 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) -- 2.3.3 South Asian Monsoon -- 2.3.4 North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) -- 2.3.5 Other Modes of Variability -- 2.4 Climate Change and Hydrology -- 2.4.1 Understanding the Link Between Climate Change and Hydroclimatic Extremes -- 2.4.2 Climate Models and Climate Projections -- 2.4.3 Downscaling and Uncertainty -- 2.5 Managing Hydroclimatic Extremes -- 2.5.1 Quantifying Risk and Uncertainty -- 2.5.2 Planning for Extremes in Flood Risk and Water Resources Management -- 2.5.3 Comparing Top-down with Bottom-up Approaches -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Groundwater Resources: Past, Present, and Future -- 3.1 Introduction to Groundwater Science -- 3.2 Quantities of Groundwater: Storage, Recharge, and Abstraction -- 3.2.1 What Do We Know? -- 3.2.2 Future Outlook on Measuring Groundwater Quantity -- 3.2.3 Improving Scientific Knowledge of Groundwater Volumes and Fluxes -- 3.3 Groundwater Quality -- 3.3.1 The Composition of Groundwater: Natural Baselines and Pollution.

3.3.2 Future Outlook on Groundwater Water Quality: Key Constraints and Approaches to Addressing Them -- 3.4 Groundwater and Climate Change -- 3.4.1 Long-term Climatic Influences on Groundwater -- 3.4.2 Current and Future Influences of Climate Change on Groundwater -- 3.5 Continuing Challenges for Groundwater Science -- 3.6 Concluding Points -- References -- Chapter 4 Water Quality Modelling, Monitoring, and Management -- 4.1 Water Quality Modelling Background -- 4.1.1 Water Quality: The Problem -- 4.1.2 Management Model Approaches and History -- 4.1.3 Generic Types of Water Quality Models -- 4.1.4 Lumped Modelling Approaches -- 4.1.5 Case Study 1: Modelling of Metals Downstream of Mines in Transylvania -- 4.2 Water Quality Modelling at the Catchment Scale -- 4.2.1 Integrated Catchment Approach - A Brief Review -- 4.2.2 The Integrated Catchments (INCA) Model System -- 4.2.3 Case Study 2: Modelling Contaminants Using INCA - Metaldehyde in the Thames -- 4.2.4 Case Study 3: Water Quality in the Turag‐Balu River System, Dhaka, Bangladesh -- 4.2.5 Model Uncertainty -- 4.3 Monitoring Strategies Past and Present -- 4.3.1 Global Monitoring -- 4.3.2 National-scale Monitoring -- 4.3.3 Long-term Monitoring of Key Scientific Sites -- 4.3.4 Citizen Science Monitoring -- 4.3.5 Case Study 4: Monitoring and Modelling the Murray‐Darling System in Australia -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Challenges for Freshwater Ecosystems -- 5.1 How do Freshwater Ecosystems Work? -- 5.1.1 Structure and Function of Freshwater Ecosystems -- 5.1.2 Key Challenges in Freshwater Ecology -- 5.2 The Challenge of Water Quality Management: Linking Freshwater Ecosystems to Water Quality -- 5.2.1 'The Kidneys of the Landscape' -- 5.2.2 Constructed Wetlands -- 5.2.3 Managing Freshwater Ecosystems for Water Quality Enhancement.

5.3 The Challenge of Invasive Non-native Species: Impacts on Diversity and Ecosystem Function -- 5.3.1 The Spread of Non-native Freshwater Species -- 5.3.2 Impacts of INNS -- 5.3.3 What Can be Done About the Problem? -- 5.4 The Challenge of Environmental Change: Managing Biogeochemical Cycles and Water Security in Freshwaters -- 5.4.1 Impacts of Warming and Changing Atmospheric GHGs on Freshwaters -- 5.4.2 Environmental Flows -- 5.5 Approaches to Tackling the Challenges of Freshwater Ecosystem Conservation and Management -- 5.5.1 Technical Innovations -- 5.5.1.1 Environmental DNA -- 5.5.1.2 Remote Sensing Methods and Databases -- 5.5.2 Social Science Innovations -- References -- Chapter 6 Water and Health: A Dynamic, Enduring Challenge -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Classifying and Measuring Health Outcomes -- 6.3 Politics and Innovation in Water and Health -- 6.3.1 Measurement: Understanding the Role of Malnutrition and Infection in Diarrhoea -- 6.3.2 Treatment: Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) -- 6.3.3 Knowledge: Emerging Health Issues -- 6.3.4 Politics and the Pace of Disruption -- 6.4 Beyond Outbreaks: The Underreported Health Burden of Inadequate Water Supplies -- 6.5 Enteric Environmental Dysfunction -- 6.5.1 Visible Disease from Chemical Exposure -- 6.5.2 Hypertension and Cancer -- 6.5.3 Cognitive Impairment -- 6.5.4 Psychosocial Distress -- 6.5.5 Revisiting the Water-Related Burden of Disease -- 6.6 Water and Health Challenges in the SDG Period -- 6.6.1 Improving Service Levels -- 6.6.2 Improving Water Quality Testing Methods -- 6.6.3 Leaving No One Behind -- 6.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 Monitoring and Modelling Hydrological Processes -- 7.1 Modelling Hydrological Systems: Current Approaches -- 7.1.1 From Local Catchment Models to Global Hydrological Studies.

7.1.2 Validation, Verification, and Confirmation in Hydrological Modelling -- 7.1.3 Representing Human-managed Water Systems -- 7.2 Monitoring Hydrological Systems -- 7.2.1 Monitoring the Global Water Cycle Across Scales -- 7.2.2 Decline of In Situ Monitoring -- 7.2.3 The Role of EO -- 7.2.4 Land-based and Airborne Techniques -- 7.2.5 Non-traditional Hydrological Monitoring Systems -- 7.3 Future Challenges -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Policy -- Chapter 8 Reallocating Water -- 8.1 Water Crises as Allocation Challenges -- 8.2 Navigating Reallocation -- 8.3 Socio-cultural Dimensions -- 8.3.1 Navigating the Changing Culture of Water in Spain -- 8.4 Natural and Technological Dimensions -- 8.5 Political Economy Dimensions -- 8.5.1 Barriers to Reallocation from Agriculture to the City of Cape Town -- 8.6 A Ladder of Interventions? -- 8.7 Frontiers of Water Allocation -- References -- Chapter 9 Rural Water Policy in Africa and Asia -- 9.1 Fifty Years of Rural Water Policy in Africa and Asia -- 9.2 Pillars of Rural Water Policy -- 9.3 Community Access, 1980-2000 -- 9.4 Rights and Results, 2000-2020 -- 9.5 Regulated Services, 2020-2030 -- 9.6 Limits to Progress -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10 The Human Right to Water -- 10.1 The Legal and Historical Background of the Human Right to Water -- 10.2 Defining the Human Right to Water -- 10.2.1 Difference Between Human Right to Water and Water Rights -- 10.3 Implementing the Human Right to Water -- 10.4 Gap Between Policy Articulation and Implementation of the Human Right to Water -- 10.5 Key Policy Challenges Facing the Human Right to Water -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11 Policy Processes in Flood Risk Management -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Flood Risk: Global and Local Scales -- 11.3 Three Theories of the Policy Process.

11.3.1 Punctuated Equilibrium -- 11.3.2 Multiple Streams -- 11.3.3 Advocacy Coalitions -- 11.4 Four Contrasting Case Studies of the Policy Process -- 11.4.1 South Africa: 1994-2002 and Beyond -- 11.4.2 Advocacy Coalitions in Bangladesh and the Role of Donor Agencies -- 11.4.3 Flood Risk Management in Tanzania: The President as Policy Entrepreneur -- 11.4.4 Flood Insurance in the UK: Six Decades of Relative Policy Stability -- 11.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 The Political Economy of Wastewater in Europe -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Models of Service Delivery -- 12.3 Wastewater as a Driver of Investment and Cost Recovery -- 12.4 Case Studies - Paris and Ireland -- 12.4.1 Paris -- 12.4.2 Ireland -- 12.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- 12.5.1 The Hidden Role of Wastewater -- 12.5.2 Emerging Needs and Opportunities in Wastewater -- References -- Chapter 13 Drought Policy and Management -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Drought, Aridity, Water Scarcity, and Desertification -- 13.3 Climate Change and Drought -- 13.4 Drought Policy and Management Development -- 13.4.1 Drought Legislation -- 13.4.2 Drought Policies -- 13.4.3 Drought Governance -- 13.5 The 'Three Pillars' of Drought Management -- 13.5.1 Pillar 1: Drought Monitoring and Early Warning Systems -- 13.5.2 Pillar 2: Drought Impact and Vulnerability Assessments -- 13.5.3 Pillar 3: Drought Preparedness Planning -- 13.5.4 A Range of Policy Instruments Including Insurance and Water Allocation Regimes -- 13.6 Drought in Mongolia -- 13.6.1 Pillars 1 and 2: Drought Monitoring, Impacts, and Vulnerability -- 13.6.2 Pillar 3: Drought Preparedness, Mitigation, and Response Strategies -- 13.7 The Example of the Middle East and North Africa Region -- 13.7.1 Pillar 1: Technical and Institutional Drought Monitoring Challenges.

13.7.2 Pillars 2 and 3: Drought Management Institutional Coordination Challenges.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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