International Perspectives on Homelessness.

Cover -- International Perspectives on Homelessness -- Contents -- Introduction -- NOTE -- REFERENCE -- EUROPE -- 1 The Changing Face of Homelessness in Europe -- HOUSING THE POOR IN EUROPE -- IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM: AFFORDABILITY, SUPPLY AND SECURITY OF TENURE -- THE COST OF HOUSING AS A BASIC NEED -- HOUSING SUPPLY -- Access to Home Ownership -- HOUSING OPTIONS OF POOR AND DISADVANTAGED GROUPS -- Housing Allowance -- Social-Rented Housing -- Private-Rented Housing -- THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK: RENT CONTROL AND SECURITY OF TENANTS IN PRIVATE-RENTED HOUSING -- Private-Sector Rent Control -- Duration of Rental Contract: Notices to Quit and Evictions -- THE CHANGING FACE OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY -- SOCIAL RISKS AND CRISIS INTERVENTION -- LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT HOMELESSNESS -- SOME INDICATORS OF THE MAGNITUDE OF RISK GROUPS AND PEOPLE FOR WHOM RISKS MATERIALIZE -- SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF HOMELESS PEOPLE -- RESPONSES TO SOCIAL EMERGENCY -- CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- 2 Homelessness in Sweden: An Avoidable Problem -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- POLICIES AND RIGHTS -- Shrinking Social Policy -- Declining Housing Policy -- Deficient Housing Rights -- Rights to Housing -- Tenants' Rights -- HOMELESSNESS AS A PUBLIC PROBLEM: SCOPE AND IMAGE -- Client Counting -- The Public Image -- CONTEMPORARY HOMELESSNESS POLICIES -- The Secondary Housing Market -- Neo-Institutions Called Special Housing -- REPRODUCING HOMELESSNESS: THE ZERO-SUM GAME OF HOUSING CONTROL -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHIC ESSAY -- NOTES -- 3 Understanding Homelessness and Social Policy in Denmark -- WHO ARE THE HOMELESS IN DENMARK? -- Homelessness as Place -- Homelessness as Types of People -- Bag Ladies -- Traditional Homeless -- Users of Illegal Substances -- Mental Patients -- Street Children -- DANISH SOCIAL POLICY FOR HOMELESS PEOPLE.

Social Legislation Today -- Shared Dwellings as a Possibility for the Socially Excluded -- The Idea of Activation -- PROBLEMS IN THE CURRENT SOCIAL POLICY AND IN THE UNDERSTANDINGS OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- 4 Homelessness in Germany: Housing Poverty in a Wealthy Country -- THE "SUCCESS STORY" OF HOUSING IN GERMANY -- THE DEFINITION OF HOMELESSNESS AND THE PROBLEM OF COUNTING HOMELESS PEOPLE -- THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: THE PERCEPTION OF HOMELESS PEOPLE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICES FOR THEM -- SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND -- Unemploymentand Poverty -- Demographic Trends -- The Housing Market, Rent Rises, and Problems of Access -- THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- WHY DO PEOPLE BECOME HOMELESS AND WHERE DO THEY WANT TO LIVE? -- RECENT TRENDS IN HOMELESSNESS AND POLICIES -- The Quantitative Development of Homelessness -- Innovation in Policies on Different Levels -- New Forms of Exclusion and New Target Groups of Homeless People -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- 5 Homelessness in a Mediterranean Country: The Case of Greece -- HOMELESSNESS IN THE GREEK CONTEXT -- THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY -- HOUSING POLICY AND HOMELESSNESS IN GREECE -- The Right to Proper Housing -- Social Housing Provision in Greece -- Housing Loans -- The Rental Market -- Emergency Accommodation Services -- Housing Provision for Specific Target Groups -- EVALUATION OF POLICIES AND SERVICES -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- 6 Housing and Homelessness in England -- INTRODUCTION -- A THEORY OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION APPLIED TO HOUSING -- ADEQUACY AND AFFORDABILITY: HOUSING PROVISION AND HOUSING NEED -- Market Housing and Housing Need -- The Decline in the Supply of Social Housing -- The Changing Characteristics of Mortgagers and Renters -- The Balkanization of Housing and Households: The Impact of Housing Policy on Social Integration.

ACCESSIBILITY: "SUSTAINABLE" COMMUNITIES AND THE RISKS OF EXCLUSION FOR VULNERABLE INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS -- Impoverished Communities -- Rebuilding Communities: A Risk of Exclusion for Stigmatized Groups -- Maximizing Rents and the Risk of Exclusion -- ACCESSIBILITY: HOMELESSNESS AND THE ROUTES TO SOCIAL HOUSING -- Homelessness -- Characteristics of Applicants for Housing under the Homelessness Legislation -- Access to Social Housing for Split Households -- Poor Health and Access to Housing through the "Vulnerability" Route to Priority Need -- Restrictions on Access to Social Housing Through the Housing Register -- ACCESS TO HOUSING FOR ROUGH SLEEPERS -- The Characteristics of Rough Sleepers -- Vulnerability to Street Homelessness: The Impact of Weak Family and Social Networks -- The Link between Appropriate Social Services Support and Sustainable Housing Occupation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- AUSTRALIA -- 7 "Share the Spirit": Homelessness in Australia -- INTRODUCTION -- A CONTEXT FOR HOMELESSNESS -- DEFINING AND MEASURING HOMELESSNESS -- SYDNEY AND THE HOMELESS -- YOUTH -- FAMILIES -- WOMEN -- HOUSING, POVERTY, AND CITIZEN RIGHTS -- The National Housing Strategy -- Assisting the Homeless -- Poverty in Australia -- Citizen Rights -- POLITICAL PARTIES -- PROPOSED SOLUTIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- POSTSCRIPT -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- THE AMERICAS -- 8 Poverty Amidst Plenty: Homelessness in the United States -- THE RISE OF HOMELESSNESS IN THE UNITED STATES -- THE CAUSES OF HOMELESSNESS IN THE UNITED STATES -- The Declining Supply of Affordable Housing -- Persistent Poverty -- Work and Homelessness -- Public Assistance and Homelessness -- Other Factors Contributing to Homelessness in the United States -- Lack of Affordable Health Care -- Domestic Violence -- Mental Illness -- Addiction Disorders.

WHO BECOMES HOMELESS? THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF AMERICAN HOMELESSNESS -- Homeless Families with Children -- POLICY AND PROGRAMMATIC RESPONSES TO HOMELESSNESS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENDING HOMELESSNESS -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- 9 Bringing It All Back Home: Homelessness and Alternative Housing Policies among Urban Squatters in Buenos Aires, Argentina -- INTRODUCTION -- ARGENTINA IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE NEOLIBERAL POLICIES OF THE LAST DECADES AND THEIR EFFECTS -- THE HOUSING SITUATION IN BUENOS AIRES -- Historical Background -- Informal Housing Modalities Since the 1980s: Squatting -- The City in the 1990s -- The New Institutional Statusof Buenos Aires and Housing Policies -- THE EXPERIENCE OF ALTERNATIVE HOUSING POLICIES -- Construction without Bricks -- Construction with Bricks -- The Local Development Program -- The Development of Housing Legislation -- SELF-MANAGEMENT REVISITED -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- 10 Democracy and Homelessness in Brazil -- INTRODUCTION -- HOMELESSNESS AND THE STREET: DEFINITIONS AND POPULATION -- WAGES AND HOMELESSNESS -- STREET CHILDREN, POLICE VIOLENCE, AND HOMELESSNESS -- SOCIAL ASSISTANCE POLICIES FOR THE HOMELESS -- Adults -- Rio de Janeiro -- São Paulo -- Guarapuava -- Children and Adolescents -- Rio de Janeiro -- São Paulo -- Guarapuava -- HOUSING AND HOUSING POLICIES -- Rio de Janeiro -- São Paulo -- Guarapuava -- THE PRESENT CONJUNCTURE AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- AFRICA -- 11 Mapping the Terrains of Homelessness in Postcolonial Kenya -- INTRODUCTION -- COLONIAL HISTORY -- HOMELESSNESS IN KENYA: POLICY VERSUS PRACTICE -- GROUPS VULNERABLE TO HOMELESSNESS IN KENYA -- Urbanization and Homelessness: The Growth of Squatter Settlements -- Children Living and Working on the Street-A Growing Issue in Kenya -- Women and Homelessness: The Feminization of Poverty.

HOMELESSNESS AMONG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES -- INTERNALLY DISPLACED FAMILIES AND CHILDREN: A GROWING HOMELESS POPULATION -- HOMELESSNESS IN RURAL AREAS -- PASTORALISTS AFFECTED BY CHANGING LAND TENURE POLICIES -- HIV/AIDS AND HOMELESSNESS -- REFUGEE POPULATIONS IN KENYA -- CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- 12 Houses for All? Post-Apartheid Housing Policy and Shelter Needs in South Africa -- INTRODUCTION -- CONSTRUCTING HOUSEHOLDS AND SOCIAL NETWORKS -- Settlement Patterns and Housing in Metropolitan Cape Town -- Forms of Household Consolidation: Four Cases -- Case 1: Apparently Successful Urban Consolidation -- Case 2: Unsuccessful Urban Consolidation -- Case 3: Apparently Successful Rural Consolidation -- Case 4: Unsuccessful Urban or Rural Consolidation -- SOUTH AFRICAN HOUSING POLICY: WHAT IT OFFERS -- HOUSING SUPPLY AND HOUSING NEED: POLICY FIT PROBLEMS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- Index -- About the Contributors.

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