The Psychology of False Confessions : Forty Years of Science and Practice.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Author -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Icelandic Names -- The Psychology of False Confessions -- Introduction -- A Brief Review of my Cases on Disputed Confessions (1980-2016) -- The Structure and Content of the Book -- The Gudmundur and Geirfinnur Cases -- Part I The Emerging Science and Practice -- Chapter 1 An Era of Enquiry and Development -- My Early Research on Lie Detection -- The Sunday Times Experiment -- British Psychological Society Committees on Lie Detection -- Onward and Upward -- Conclusions -- Chapter 2 The Impact of Real-Life Cases on Legal Changes, Police Practice, and Science -- The Confait Case -- The Guildford Four -- The Birmingham Six -- The Tottenham Three (Engin Raghip) -- The Case of Judith Ward -- The Cardiff Three (Stephen Miller) -- The PEACE Model of Interviewing -- Summary and Conclusions -- Chapter 3 Interrogative Suggestibility -- The Experimental Approach -- The Individual Differences Approach -- The Gudjonsson and Clark Model -- Conclusions -- Chapter 4 The Psychology of False Confessions: The Theories -- Definitions of False Confession -- An Early Conceptual Framework -- The Kassin and Wrightsman Threefold Classification -- Critique of the Kassin-Wrightsman Classification -- Key Components That Elicit and Facilitate the Internalization Process -- Memory Distrust Syndrome -- The Five Sequential Steps -- Immediate Versus Delayed Suggestibility -- A Heuristic Model of Internalized False Confessions -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5 The Development of the Science: The Evidence Base -- Brief Summary of Theoretical Developments -- Landmark Early Studies on Police Interrogation -- False Confessions in Miscarriages of Justice Research -- Rate of Interrogation, Base Rate of Guilt, and False Confessions8 -- Type of Offence Falsely Confessed To.

Reasons Given for the False Confession -- 'I'd Know a False Confession if I Saw One' -- Risk Factors -- Situational Risk Factors -- Personal Risk Factors -- The Psychological Effects of Interrogation -- Conclusions -- Part II The Gudmundur and Geirfinnur Cases -- Chapter 6 Icelandic Society in the 1970s -- Brief History and Landscape -- The Constitution and Government -- The Police -- The Courts -- Prisons -- Drug Abuse Problems and Smuggling -- Media Frenzy -- Homicide in Iceland -- Conclusions -- Chapter 7 The Keflavík Investigation and the First Confession -- The Investigation and Principal Characters -- The Disappearance of Geirfinnur Einarsson -- The Keflavík Investigation Into Geirfinnur's Disappearance -- The First Confession to Geirfinnur's Disappearance -- Conclusions -- Chapter 8 The Confessions in the Gudmundur Einarsson Case -- The Post and Telecommunication Fraud -- The Disappearance of Gudmundur Einarsson -- The Gudmundur Einarsson Investigation -- The Confessions to Gudmundur Einarsson's Murder -- Thematic Analysis of the Successive Accounts -- The Supreme Court's Version of the Facts in the Gudmundur Einarsson Case -- Conclusions -- Chapter 9 The Confessions in the Geirfinnur Einarsson Case -- The Prosecution Request for the Keflavík Papers -- Confessions Obtained by the Reykjavík Team -- The Reykjavík Task Force -- Key Task Force Statements -- Gudjón's Arrest and Subsequent Interrogations -- Thematic Analysis of the Successive Accounts -- The Keflavík Slipway Re-enactment -- The Overlap with Gudmundur Agnarsson's 'False' Confession -- The Press Conference: The Official Version of What Happened -- The Convictions -- Conclusions -- Chapter 10 Misguiding Force -- Karl Schütz's Professional Background -- The Spiegel Investigation -- The Murder of Four Soldiers in Lebach -- The Baader-Meinhof Group -- Appointed to the Case -- Camera Shy.

The Cartoons and Legal Action -- The 'Indian Technique' -- Schütz's Foreword to his Book Kleinstadtmörder: Spur 1081 -- The Der Spiegel 1979 Article11 -- Personal Impression of Karl Schütz -- Conclusions -- Chapter 11 The Return of the Gudmundur and Geirfinnur Cases -- Helga Arnardóttir's Telephone Call and the Diaries -- Meeting With Helga and Kristín -- The Content of the Diaries -- The Filming -- A Call From the Minister of the Interior -- Conclusions -- Chapter 12 The Findings From the Working Group, Special Prosecutor, and Icelandic Court Cases Review Commission -- The Working Group -- The General Findings of the Working Group -- The Findings From the Psychological Evaluation -- The Testimony in the Reykjavík District Court -- The Findings of the Icelandic Court Cases Review Commission -- Ragnar Adalsteinsson's Letter to the Special Prosecutor -- Conclusions -- Part III A Psychological Analysis of the Confessions of the Six Convicted Persons -- Chapter 13 Did Saevar Ciesielski Have Undiagnosed ADHD? -- Salient Points -- Saevar's Interrogation -- Retractions -- Karl Schütz's View of Saevar -- Saevar's Speech Before the District Court -- Breidavík -- Breidavík's Public Enquiry -- Yes, Saevar Did Have Undiagnosed ADHD -- Evidence Supportive of ADHD During Childhood and Adolescence -- The Pretrial Psychological/Psychiatric Evaluation -- The Impact of Saevar's ADHD on His Functioning During the Cases -- Was Saevar Coerced to Implicate Innocent People? -- The 'Real-Life' Lie Detector Test -- Conclusions -- Chapter 14 Erla Bolladóttir - A Vulnerable Young Woman -- Salient Points -- The Relationship with Saevar -- Erla's Interrogation -- Erla's Attempts to Retract Her Confessions -- The Pretrial Psychiatric Evaluation -- Karl Schütz's View of Erla -- Erla's Interview for the Working Group -- Models of Erla's Confessions -- Conclusions.

Chapter 15 Kristján Vidarsson's Memory Distrust Syndrome and Confession -- Salient Points -- Kristján's Interrogation and Confinement -- Kristján's Mental State in Solitary Confinement -- Retractions -- Karl Schütz's View of Kristján -- The Pretrial Evaluation -- Kristján's Interview for the Working Group -- A Heuristic Model of Kristján's Confession -- Conclusions -- Chapter 16 Tryggvi Leifsson's Memory Distrust Syndrome and Confession -- Salient Points -- History of False Confession? -- Evidence for Memory Distrust Syndrome -- Tryggvi's interrogation and confession -- Tryggvi's Diaries -- Did Tryggvi Have ADHD? -- A Heuristic Model of Tryggvi's Confession -- Conclusions -- An interview with Tryggvi's widow and daughter -- Chapter 17 Gudjón Skarphédinsson's Memory Distrust Syndrome and Confession -- Salient Points -- Deterioration in Mental State -- The Arrest and Custody -- Karl Schütz's Perception of Gudjón -- The 'Lie Detection' -- Gudjón's Diary -- A Heuristic Model of Gudjón's Confession -- After Release From Prison -- Conclusions -- Chapter 18 Albert Skaftason's Memory Distrust Syndrome and Confession -- Salient Points -- Albert's Interrogation -- Memory Enhancement -- Albert's Account of Events, and His Personality -- A Heuristic Model of Albert's Confession -- Conclusions -- Conclusions -- Science and Practice - The Beginning -- The Development of the Science -- The Gudmundur and Geirfinnur Cases -- Lessons Learned -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.