Coal Combustion Research.

Intro -- COAL COMBUSTION RESEARCH -- COAL COMBUSTION RESEARCH -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 ADVANCES IN COAL COMBUSTION RESEARCH -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. DEVOLATILIZATION OF COAL -- 1.1. Basic Mechanism of Coal Pyrolysis -- 1.2. Research Apparatus of Pyrolysis Experiments -- 1.3. Factors Influencing Pyrolysis Behavior -- 1.3.1. Effect of temperature -- 1.3.2. Effect of heating rate -- 1.3.3. Effect of pressure -- 1.4. Pyrolysis Model -- 1.4.1. Simple kinetic model -- 1.4.2. Network model -- 2. CHAR COMBUSTION -- 2.1. Description of Char Combustion Process -- 2.1.1. Macro-description -- 2.1.2. Micro-description -- 2.2. Intrinsic Reactivity -- 2.3. Thermal Annealing -- 2.4. Char Burnout Model -- 2.4.1. Char combustion model -- 2.4.1.1. Global char combustion model -- 2.4.1.2. Semi-global char combustion model -- 2.4.2. Carbon burnout kinetic (CBK) model -- 2.4.2.1. Single film char oxidation sub-model -- 2.4.2.2. Thermal annealing sub-model -- 2.4.2.3. Physical property sub-model -- 3. NOX FORMATION DURING COAL COMBUSTION -- 3.1. NOx Formation Mechanism -- 3.2. Nitrogen Partition during Coal Pyrolysis -- 3.3. Nitrogen Conversion during Volatile Combustion -- 3.4. Nitrogen Conversion during Char Combustion -- 3.5. NOx Formation Model -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ON OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION: THE NOX AND COAL IGNITION REACTIONS, PART I -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NOX REACTION MODEL -- 2.1. A Key Index for Nox Reduction in Fuel-Rich Conditions -- 2.2. Nox Reaction Model -- 2.3. Calculation for Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 3. COAL IGNITION REACTION MODEL -- 3.1. Coal Ignition Study for Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 3.2. Experimental Procedure -- 3.3. Experimental Results for N2/O2 Combustion -- 3.4. Lean Flammability Limit for CO2/O2 Combustion -- 3.5. Estimation of Blow-Off Limit for Large-Scale Furnaces.

4. A CASE STUDY FOR OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS -- 5. CONCLUSION -- NOMENCLATURE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH FOR OXYFUEL COMBUSTION: NOX REACTION AND COAL IGNITION, PART II -- INTRODUCTION -- NOX REACTION -- COAL IGNITION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 DEVELOPMENTS IN NOX EMISSION CONTROL BY 'REBURNING' IN PULVERISED COAL COMBUSTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen Resulted from Combustion -- 1.2. Legislations Related To Nitrogen Oxides -- 1.3. Formation of NOX during Combustion -- 1.3.1. Thermal-NO Formation -- 1.3.2. Prompt NO Formation -- 1.3.3. Fuel-NO Formation -- 2. NOX EMISSION CONTROL STRATEGIES -- 2.1. Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) -- 2.2. Low-Nox Burners -- 2.3. Air Staging -- 2.4. Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) -- 2.5. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) -- 2.6. Nox Reduction by Reburning -- 2.6.1. A Brief Review of Research Activities on Reburning -- 2.6.2 The Principle of Reburning -- 2.6.3. The Principle of Advanced Reburning -- 2.6.4. Implications for Carbon Burnout -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS -- 3.1. 7kw Drop Tube Furnace -- 3.2. 20kw Down-Fired Pulverized Coal Combustor: Coal Over Coal Reburning and Advanced Reburning Experiments -- 3.3. 100kw Down-Fired Pulverized Coal Combustor: Waste Tyre Reburning Experiments -- 3.4. 100kw Down-Fired Pulverized Coal Combustor: Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Reburning, Advanced Reburning and SO2/Hcl Capture -- 3.5. Analytical Equipment -- 4. RESULTS FROM EXPERIMENTAL WORK AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS -- 4.1. Drop Tube Studies -- 4.1.1. Experimental Results -- 4.1.2. Simple Mechanistic Model of Volatile and Char Contribution to the Total NO Reduction -- 4.2. Optimisation of Nox Reduction in Advanced Coal Reburning Systems and the Effect of Coal Type -- 4.2.1. Preliminary Reburn Experiments -- 4.2.2. Advanced Reburn Experiments.

4.2.3. Discussion and Analysis -- 4.3. The Evaluation of Waste Tyre Pulverised Fuel for Nox Reduction by Reburning -- 4.3.1. Pilot Scale Combustion Tests and the Effect of Particle Size -- 4.3.2. NO Reburning Using Tyre and Coal -- 4.3.3. Effect of Stoichiometry on Nox Reburning Using Tyres -- 4.3.4. Pulverised Tyre as an Alternative Fuel for Nox Reburning -- 4.4. Calcium Magnesium Acetate and Urea Advanced Reburning for NO Control with Simultaneous SO2 Reduction -- 4.4.1. Basic CMA Over Coal Reburning -- 4.4.2. Cma/Urea Advanced Reburning -- 4.4.3. Optimization of NO and SO2 Reductions -- 4.4.4. Simultaneous SO2 and Hcl Reduction by CMA -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 MINERAL TRANSFORMATION AND ASH DEPOSIT DURING COAL COMBUSTION -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MINERAL TRANSFORMATION DURING COAL COMBUSTION -- 2.1. Minerals in Low Temperature Ashes -- 2.2. Minerals in High Temperature Ash -- 2.3. Thermogravimetric Analysis -- 2.3.1. ZGE coal -- 2.3.2. PX coal -- 2.3.3. LPS coal -- 2.3.4. XLT coal -- 2.3.5. SF coal -- 3. ASH DEPOSITION DURING COAL COMBUSTION -- 3.1. General Characteristics of Deposits -- 3.2. Chemical Composition of Ash Deposits -- 3.3. Mineralogy of Ash Deposits -- 3.4. Microstructure of ash deposits -- 3.4.1. Optical microscopy -- 3.4.2. FSEM-EDX analysis -- 3.5. Deposit Mechanism Discussion -- 4. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF ETHNICITY AND CLAN CONSANGUINITY IN THE MODULATION OF ARSENIASIS RISK IN A MULTIETHNIC, HYPER-ENDEMIC VILLAGE EXPOSED TO INDOOR COMBUSTION OF HIGH ARSENIC-CONTENT COAL -- A UNIQUE CASE OF HYPERENDEMIC ARSENIASIS IN SOUTHWEST GUIZHOU BOUYEI AND HMONG ETHNIC MINORITY AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA -- A Significant Ethnic-Dependent or Clan Consanguinity-Dependent Arseniasis Prevalence Variance among Exposed Villagers.

Genetic Polymorphism Might Play a Role in the Modulation of Arseniasis Risk in Exposed Rural Population -- Some Kind of Possible Genetic Heterogeneity of Ethnic Hmong People in the Area -- CONCLUSIVE REMARKS -- LITERATURE -- Chapter 7 PYROGENIC METAMORPHISM OF THE CARBONACEOUS ROCKS IN THE SOUTH OF THE SIBERIAN PLATFORM -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SUBJECT AND TECHNIQUE OF RESEARCH -- 3. GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF CARBONACEOUS FORMATIONS -- 4. PRODUCTS OF PYROGENIC METAMORPHISM -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 SHORT COMMUNICATION: INFLUENCE OF A COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT ON TERRESTRIAL BIOTA AT CANDIOTA, SOUTH OF BRAZIL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS -- 2.1. Description of Study Area -- 2.2. Sampling -- 2.3. Survey Methods (Floristic, Herpetofauna and Oral Pathologies) -- 2.5. Analytical Methods -- 2.6. Statistical Analyses -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

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