Ready to Learn. Ready to Thrive : Before School, in School, and Beyond School in South Asia.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Celebrating South Asia's Successes -- Outlining South Asia's Challenges -- How Can South Asia Do Better? Overarching Principles -- From Principles to Action: Sector-Specific Recommendations -- Outline of the Report -- Notes -- References -- Part I Education in the South Asian Context -- Chapter 1 Is South Asia's Education System Preparing Young People to Succeed? -- Access to Education Has Improved Considerably -- Student Learning Outcomes in School Are Weak, but Learning Assessments Need Improvement to Pinpoint Why -- A Certificate, Diploma, or Graduate Degree May Not Bestow Much-Needed Skills -- What Factors Explain Low Learning Levels? -- How Can South Asia Do Better on Access and Measuring Outcomes? -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 1 Access to Basic Education in Afghanistan and Bangladesh -- Gender Gap -- Government Efforts to Expand Access to Education -- Challenges: Equity, Quality, and Monitoring -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Public Financing of Education in South Asia -- The Structure of Public Financing in South Asia -- Are South Asian Countries Spending Adequately on Education and Skills? -- Education Spending by Functional Classification -- Is Education Spending in South Asia Efficient? -- Equity of Public Spending on Education in South Asia -- How Can South Asia Do Better on Public Finance? -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 2 Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Education -- Factors Contributing to the Successful Integration of Technology -- Realizing the Potential of Technology Tools in Education -- References -- Part II Early Childhood Development in South Asia -- Chapter 3 Investing in Early Childhood Development in South Asia Is Crucial -- Early Childhood Development in South Asia.

Policy Environment and Service Delivery Models of Early Childhood Development in South Asia -- Early Childhood Development from Birth to Preschool -- Nutrition and Health Interventions -- Responsive Parenting, Early Stimulation, and Parental Knowledge -- Preprimary Education -- Quality of Preprimary Education in South Asia -- How Can South Asia Do Better on Early Childhood Development? -- Notes -- References -- Part III Improving Teacher Effectiveness in South Asia -- Chapter 4 South Asia Has Too Few Effective Teachers -- Why Teachers Matter, and What Do Effective Teachers Do? -- Teachers in South Asia Have Inadequate Conceptual and Teaching Skills -- Weak Professional Norms Make Teaching a Second-Class Profession -- Note -- References -- Chapter 5 Managing the Quality of Teaching in South Asia Has Been Difficult -- The Dramatic Expansion in Schooling Has Been Accompanied by a Large Expansion in the Teaching Workforce in Many Countries -- Rapid Schooling Expansion Increased the Supply of Qualified Teachers but Not the Quality of Teachers -- Salaries and Benefits Are Good, but Only for Some Teachers, and Are Not Tied to Performance -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Are South Asia's Teachers Prepared to Teach? Pre-Service and In-Service Training -- A Rapid Increase in Pre-Service Programs of Inadequate Quality, with Few Links to Universities and Research -- Weak Governance of Pre-Service Education Programs Underlies Poor Quality -- In-Service Professional Development Programs Could Compensate for Some of the Deficits of Pre-Service Training But Suffer from Their Own Shortcomings -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 7 School Principals Find It Difficult to Support Teachers -- Principals Can Play a Key Role in Improving School Outcomes -- Who Are South Asia's Principals? -- Principals in South Asia Multitask, Leaving Little Time to Support Teachers.

Private School Principals Differ from Public School Principals in Some Respects, But Outcomes Are Not Much Better -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 8 How Can South Asia Do Better on Teacher Policy and Practice? -- Make Teaching an Attractive Profession -- Manage the Teacher System Carefully -- Prepare Teachers before They Enter the Classroom -- Mentor Teachers and Upgrade Their Skills Throughout Their Career -- Strengthen School Leadership -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 3 Leveraging Private Schools in South Asia -- Notes -- References -- Part IV Skills for Jobs in South Asia -- Chapter 9 Growing Interest in Skills Development in South Asia -- The Main Features of Skills Development Systems in South Asia -- Reasons for the Growing Interest in Skills Development in South Asia -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 4 Twenty-First-Century Skills: A Shift in Learning Goals in South Asia? -- Note -- References -- Chapter 10 Skills Development Strategies Are Promising, but What about Results? -- Recent Changes in Skills Development Strategies -- What Have We Learned about the Results So Far? -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 11 How Can South Asia Do Better on Skills Development? -- What Factors Are Slowing Progress? -- What Is Most Important to Do Next? -- Notes -- References -- Part V Higher Education in South Asia -- Chapter 12 Higher Education in South Asia: Rapidly Growing, Diverse, and Unequal -- A Diverse System with a Complex Governance Arrangement -- Enormous Growth in Student Numbers -- Quality in Supply and Outcomes Has Not Kept Pace with the Increase in Demand -- Will Poor People Benefit from Growth? -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 5 What Will It Take to Internationalize Higher Education in South Asia? -- What Is the Internationalization of Higher Education?.

Stirrings of Cross-Border Internationalization in South Asia-with Some Signs of Progress -- Internationalization at Home-an Unexplored Agenda -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 13 Managing the Complexity and Growth of the Higher Education System Requires Strong Governance -- Governing the Rapidly Expanding Higher Education System Will Be a Challenge for Governments in South Asia -- Too Much External Control Has Weakened Internal Governance -- An Inefficient Affiliation System Hampers College Autonomy -- Weak Quality Assurance Systems Hamper Accountability -- Poor Targeting of Financial Aid and Little Support for First-Generation College Students Makes Leveling the Playing Field Difficult -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 14 How Can South Asia Do Better in Higher Education? -- Toward a More Efficient Higher Education System -- Improving the Quality of Higher Education -- Tools to Meaningfully Expand Opportunity for All Students to Access Higher Education -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 15 How Can South Asia Do Better? -- Political Commitment Is Indispensable in Translating Good Principles into Sound Policy -- Technical Solutions Reflecting Good Practice Are Essential -- Prioritizing by Balancing Quick, Effective Actions with Those Needed to Sustain Impact -- References -- Boxes -- Box O.1 Outlining South Asia's Successes: Key Messages -- Box O.2 Outlining South Asia's Challenges: Key Messages -- Box O.3 How Can South Asia Do Better? Key Messages -- Box 1.1 Countries Are Conducting Many More Learning Assessments, but More Work Is Needed on Comparability -- Box 1.2 External Factors Affecting the Education System -- Box 1.3 Tips on Using Learning Assessments to Improve Student Outcomes -- Box 3.1 Bangladesh's Complex Early Childhood Development Service Delivery System -- Box 3.2 Preprimary Education Policy in Nepal.

Box 3.3 How to Advance Early Childhood Development Programs for Greater Impact in South Asia -- Box 4.1 What Do Teachers' Unions in South Asia Campaign For? -- Box 6.1 Key Features of Pre-Service Programs in Top-Performing School Systems -- Box 6.2 Process Evaluation of the National Mission for Secondary Education In-Service Teacher Training Program in India -- Box 7.1 The Story of One Woman's Journey to the Post of Principal in Rajasthan: 35 Years and 19 Transfers -- Box 7.2 Procedural Delays Extend the Time from Application to Final Posting as a Principal, Karnataka, India -- Box 8.1 Chile's Teacher Professional Performance Assessment System -- Box 8.2 Features of Successful Induction Programs -- Box S3.1 Leveraging Private Schools to Increase Access and Improve Quality -- Box 10.1 Recent National Strategies for Skills Development in South Asia -- Box 10.2 The Sri Lanka Qualification Framework -- Box 10.3 Mandate of Sector Skill Councils -- Box 10.4 The India National Skill Development Corporation Mandate and Tools -- Box 10.5 Design Features of a Short-Term Training Program with High Employment Outcomes: The Nepal EVENT Project -- Box 10.6 International Evidence on the Impact of Short-Term Training Programs -- Box 11.1 Why Management Information System Data May Not Always Lead to Policy Changes -- Box 11.2 Monitoring Processes at the National Skill Development Corporation in India -- Box 11.3 How Chile Shared Labor Market Information with the Public -- Box 11.4 An Example of a Successful Partnership with Industry: The Government of India and Maruti Suzuki -- Box 11.5 Factors Found to Increase the Chances of Positive Labor Market Outcomes for Skills Training Programs -- Box 11.6 Generation: Matching Trainees and Programs and Working Closely with Employers -- Box 11.7 Some Examples of Successful Interventions by Sector Skills Councils in Chile.

Box 11.8 Broadening Occupational Standards: The Example of Germany.

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