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Temperature-Responsive Polymers : Chemistry, Properties, and Applications.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2018Copyright date: ©2017Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (409 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781119157793
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Temperature-Responsive PolymersLOC classification:
  • QD381 .T467 2018
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Chemistry -- Chapter 1 Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Physicochemical Properties and Biomedical Applications -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 PNIPAM as Thermosensitive Polymer -- 1.3 Physical Properties of PNIPAM -- 1.3.1 Phase Behavior of PNIPAM in Water/Alcohol Mixtures -- 1.3.2 Effect of Concentration and Molecular Weight of PNIPAM on LCST -- 1.3.3 Effect of Surfactants on LCST -- 1.3.4 Effect of Salts on LCST -- 1.4 Common Methods for Polymerization of NIPAM -- 1.4.1 Free Radical Polymerization -- 1.4.2 Living Radical Polymerization -- 1.4.2.1 ATRP of NIPAM -- 1.4.2.2 RAFT Polymerization of NIPAM -- 1.5 Dual Sensitive Systems -- 1.5.1 pH and Thermosensitive Systems -- 1.5.2 Reduction-Sensitive and Thermosensitive Systems -- 1.5.3 Hybrid-Thermosensitive Materials -- 1.6 Bioconjugation of PNIPAM -- 1.6.1 Protein-PNIPAM Conjugates -- 1.6.2 Peptide-PNIPAM Conjugates -- 1.6.3 Nucleic Acid-PNIPAM Conjugates -- 1.7 Liposome Surface Modification with PNIPAM -- 1.8 Applications of PNIPAM in Cell Culture -- 1.9 Crosslinking Methods for Polymers -- 1.9.1 Crosslinking in PNIPAM-Based Hydrogels -- 1.9.2 Crosslinking of PNIPAM-Based Micelles -- 1.9.2.1 Shell Crosslinked (SCL) -- 1.9.2.2 Core Crosslinked (CCL) -- 1.10 Conclusion and Outlook of Applications of PNIPAM -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Thermoresponsive Multiblock Copolymers: Chemistry, Properties and Applications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Chemistry of Thermoresponsive Block-based Copolymers -- 2.3 Architecture, Number of Blocks and Block Sequence -- 2.3.1 Why the Block Structure? -- 2.3.2 Triblock Copolymers -- 2.3.2.1 Micelles -- 2.3.2.2 Gels -- 2.3.2.3 Films and Membranes -- 2.3.3 Tetrablock Copolymers -- 2.3.4 Pentablock Copolymers -- 2.3.4.1 Pluronic® Based.
2.3.4.2 Non-pluronic Based -- 2.3.5 Multiblock Copolymers -- 2.4 Applications -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Star-shaped Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines): Synthesis and Properties -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Synthesis of Star-shaped Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) -- 3.3 Properties of Star-shaped Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam): From Polymer Synthesis to Smart Self-assemblies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Synthesis of PVCL Homo- and Copolymers -- 4.2.1 Synthesis of Statistical PVCL Copolymers -- 4.2.2 Synthesis of PVCL Block Copolymers -- 4.2.3 Other PVCL-based Copolymers -- 4.3 Properties of PVCL in Aqueous Solutions -- 4.3.1 Dependence of the LCST of PVCL on Molecular Weight and Polymer Concentration -- 4.3.2 LCST Dependence on Chemical Composition -- 4.3.3 The Effect of Salt on the PVCL Temperature Response -- 4.3.4 The Effect of Solvent on PVCL Temperature Response -- 4.4 Assembly of PVCL-based Polymers in Solution -- 4.4.1 PVCL Interpolymer Complexes -- 4.4.2 PVCL-based Micelles -- 4.4.3 Self-assembly of PVCL-based Copolymers into Polymersomes -- 4.5 Templated Assemblies of PVCL Polymers -- 4.5.1 Hydrogen-bonded PVCL-based Multilayers -- 4.5.1.1 pH-sensitive Hydrogen-bonded PVCL Multilayers -- 4.5.1.2 Enzymatically Sensitive Hydrogen-bonded PVCL Multilayers -- 4.5.2 Multilayer Hydrogels of PVCL -- 4.6 Outlook and Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 Sodium Alginate Grafted with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) -- 5.1 Alginic Acid -- 5.1.1 Monomeric and Polymeric Structure of Alginates -- 5.2 Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Thermoresponsive Properties -- 5.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate-graft-PNIPAM Copolymers -- 5.4 Solution Properties -- 5.4.1 Turbidimetry -- 5.4.2 Fluorescence -- 5.4.3 Rheology -- 5.4.4 Degradability.
5.4.5 Biocompatibility -- 5.4.5.1 Cytotoxicity -- 5.4.5.2 Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications -- 5.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6 Multi-stimuli-responsive Polymers Based on Calix[4]arenes and Dibenzo-18-crown-6-ethers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Single-stimuli-responsive Polymers -- 6.2.1 Thermo-responsive Polymers in Polar Media -- 6.2.2 pH-responsive Polymers -- 6.2.3 Photoresponsive Polymers -- 6.2.4 Other Single-stimuli-responsive Polymers -- 6.3 Multi-stimuli-responsive Polymers -- 6.4 Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s and Poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s -- 6.4.1 Calixarenes -- 6.4.2 Crown Ethers -- 6.4.3 Structural Units of Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s -- 6.4.4 Structural Units of Poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s -- 6.5 Photoisomerization -- 6.6 Host-guest Interactions -- 6.7 Thermo-responsiveness -- 6.7.1 LCST: Tegylated Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s in Water -- 6.7.2 UCST: Tegylated Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s in Alcohols -- 6.7.3 UCST and Photoisomerization of Tegylated Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s -- 6.7.4 UCST and Poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s -- 6.7.5 UCST and Photoisomerization of Poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s -- 6.7.6 UCST in Water-alcohol Mixtures -- 6.8 Solvatochromism and pH Sensitivity -- 6.9 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Characterization of Temperature-responsive Polymers -- Chapter 7 Small-Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering of Temperature-Responsive Polymers in Solutions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Temperature-responsive Homopolymers -- 7.3 Hydrophobically Modified Polymers -- 7.4 Cross-Linked Temperature-Sensitive Polymers and Gels -- 7.5 Temperature-Responsive Block Copolymers -- 7.6 Hybrid Nanoparticles -- 7.7 Gradient Temperature-Responsive Polymers -- 7.8 Multi-responsive Copolymers -- 7.9 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References.
Chapter 8 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Temperature-Responsive Polymers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental Methods to Measure IR and Raman Spectra of Aqueous Solutions -- 8.3 Poly(N-substituted acrylamide)s -- 8.3.1 Overall Spectral Change -- 8.3.2 Amide Bands -- 8.3.3 C-H Stretching Bands -- 8.3.4 C-D Stretching Band -- 8.4 Poly(vinyl ether)s -- 8.5 Poly(meth)acrylates -- 8.6 Effects of Additives on Phase Behavior -- 8.7 Temperature-Responsive Copolymers and Gels -- References -- Chapter 9 Application of NMR Spectroscopy to Study Thermoresponsive Polymers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Coil-Globule Phase Transition and Its Manifestation in NMR Spectra -- 9.3 Temperature Dependences of High-Resolution NMR Spectra: Phase-Separated Fraction p -- 9.4 Multicomponent Polymer Systems -- 9.5 Effects of Low-Molecular-Weight Additives on Phase Transition -- 9.6 Behavior of Water at the Phase Transition -- 9.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 10 Polarized Luminescence Studies of Nanosecond Dynamics of Thermosensitive Polymers in Aqueous Solutions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Theoretical Part -- 10.2.1 Polarization of Luminescence -- 10.2.2 The Use of Polarized Luminescence in the Studies of Nanosecond Dynamics of Macromolecules -- 10.3 Experimental Part -- 10.3.1 Methods of Synthesis of Polymers Containing Luminescent Markers -- 10.3.2 Technique for Measurement of Luminescence Polarization -- 10.3.3 Thermosensitive Water-Soluble Polymers -- 10.3.4 pH and Thermosensitive Water-Soluble Polymers -- 10.3.5 Temperature-Induced Transitions in Polymers in Nonaqueous Solutions -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Applications of Temperature-responsive Polymers -- Chapter 11 Applications of Temperature-Responsive Polymers Grafted onto Solid Core Nanoparticles -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Silica Nanoparticles.
11.2.1 pNIPAM-functionalised Silica Nanoparticles -- 11.2.2 Poloxamer-functionalised Silica Nanoparticles -- 11.2.3 Other Polymers -- 11.3 Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.3.1 pNIPAM-functionalised Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.3.2 Poloxamer-functionalised Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.3.3 Elastin-functionalised Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.3.4 Other Polymer-functionalised Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.1 pNIPAM-functionalised Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.2 Poloxamer-functionalised Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.3 Other TRP-functionalised Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.4 Summary -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Temperature-responsive Polymers for Tissue Engineering -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Dishes and Cell Sheets -- 12.1.2 Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Dishes Prepared by Electron-beam-induced Polymerization -- 12.1.3 Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Dishes for Enhancing Cell Adhesion and Proliferation by Immobilized Biological Ligands -- 12.1.4 Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Dish Prepared by Living Radical Polymerization -- 12.1.5 Patterned Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Substrates -- 12.1.6 Thermo-responsive Surfaces for Cell Separation -- 12.2 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 Thermogel Polymers for Injectable Drug Delivery Systems -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Pluronics® -- 13.3 Polyester-based Polymers -- 13.4 Chitosan and Derivatives -- 13.5 Polypeptides -- 13.6 Clinical Application of Thermogel Polymers -- 13.6.1 Ocular Delivery -- 13.6.2 Nasal Delivery -- 13.6.3 Antitumor Delivery/Drug Delivery Systems -- 13.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 14 Thermoresponsive Electrospun Polymer-based (Nano)fibers -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Basic Principles of Electrospinning -- 14.3 PNIPAM-based Electrospun (Nano)fibers.
14.3.1 Temperature-triggered Wettability.
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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Chemistry -- Chapter 1 Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Physicochemical Properties and Biomedical Applications -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 PNIPAM as Thermosensitive Polymer -- 1.3 Physical Properties of PNIPAM -- 1.3.1 Phase Behavior of PNIPAM in Water/Alcohol Mixtures -- 1.3.2 Effect of Concentration and Molecular Weight of PNIPAM on LCST -- 1.3.3 Effect of Surfactants on LCST -- 1.3.4 Effect of Salts on LCST -- 1.4 Common Methods for Polymerization of NIPAM -- 1.4.1 Free Radical Polymerization -- 1.4.2 Living Radical Polymerization -- 1.4.2.1 ATRP of NIPAM -- 1.4.2.2 RAFT Polymerization of NIPAM -- 1.5 Dual Sensitive Systems -- 1.5.1 pH and Thermosensitive Systems -- 1.5.2 Reduction-Sensitive and Thermosensitive Systems -- 1.5.3 Hybrid-Thermosensitive Materials -- 1.6 Bioconjugation of PNIPAM -- 1.6.1 Protein-PNIPAM Conjugates -- 1.6.2 Peptide-PNIPAM Conjugates -- 1.6.3 Nucleic Acid-PNIPAM Conjugates -- 1.7 Liposome Surface Modification with PNIPAM -- 1.8 Applications of PNIPAM in Cell Culture -- 1.9 Crosslinking Methods for Polymers -- 1.9.1 Crosslinking in PNIPAM-Based Hydrogels -- 1.9.2 Crosslinking of PNIPAM-Based Micelles -- 1.9.2.1 Shell Crosslinked (SCL) -- 1.9.2.2 Core Crosslinked (CCL) -- 1.10 Conclusion and Outlook of Applications of PNIPAM -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Thermoresponsive Multiblock Copolymers: Chemistry, Properties and Applications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Chemistry of Thermoresponsive Block-based Copolymers -- 2.3 Architecture, Number of Blocks and Block Sequence -- 2.3.1 Why the Block Structure? -- 2.3.2 Triblock Copolymers -- 2.3.2.1 Micelles -- 2.3.2.2 Gels -- 2.3.2.3 Films and Membranes -- 2.3.3 Tetrablock Copolymers -- 2.3.4 Pentablock Copolymers -- 2.3.4.1 Pluronic® Based.

2.3.4.2 Non-pluronic Based -- 2.3.5 Multiblock Copolymers -- 2.4 Applications -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Star-shaped Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines): Synthesis and Properties -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Synthesis of Star-shaped Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) -- 3.3 Properties of Star-shaped Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam): From Polymer Synthesis to Smart Self-assemblies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Synthesis of PVCL Homo- and Copolymers -- 4.2.1 Synthesis of Statistical PVCL Copolymers -- 4.2.2 Synthesis of PVCL Block Copolymers -- 4.2.3 Other PVCL-based Copolymers -- 4.3 Properties of PVCL in Aqueous Solutions -- 4.3.1 Dependence of the LCST of PVCL on Molecular Weight and Polymer Concentration -- 4.3.2 LCST Dependence on Chemical Composition -- 4.3.3 The Effect of Salt on the PVCL Temperature Response -- 4.3.4 The Effect of Solvent on PVCL Temperature Response -- 4.4 Assembly of PVCL-based Polymers in Solution -- 4.4.1 PVCL Interpolymer Complexes -- 4.4.2 PVCL-based Micelles -- 4.4.3 Self-assembly of PVCL-based Copolymers into Polymersomes -- 4.5 Templated Assemblies of PVCL Polymers -- 4.5.1 Hydrogen-bonded PVCL-based Multilayers -- 4.5.1.1 pH-sensitive Hydrogen-bonded PVCL Multilayers -- 4.5.1.2 Enzymatically Sensitive Hydrogen-bonded PVCL Multilayers -- 4.5.2 Multilayer Hydrogels of PVCL -- 4.6 Outlook and Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 Sodium Alginate Grafted with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) -- 5.1 Alginic Acid -- 5.1.1 Monomeric and Polymeric Structure of Alginates -- 5.2 Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Thermoresponsive Properties -- 5.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate-graft-PNIPAM Copolymers -- 5.4 Solution Properties -- 5.4.1 Turbidimetry -- 5.4.2 Fluorescence -- 5.4.3 Rheology -- 5.4.4 Degradability.

5.4.5 Biocompatibility -- 5.4.5.1 Cytotoxicity -- 5.4.5.2 Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications -- 5.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6 Multi-stimuli-responsive Polymers Based on Calix[4]arenes and Dibenzo-18-crown-6-ethers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Single-stimuli-responsive Polymers -- 6.2.1 Thermo-responsive Polymers in Polar Media -- 6.2.2 pH-responsive Polymers -- 6.2.3 Photoresponsive Polymers -- 6.2.4 Other Single-stimuli-responsive Polymers -- 6.3 Multi-stimuli-responsive Polymers -- 6.4 Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s and Poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s -- 6.4.1 Calixarenes -- 6.4.2 Crown Ethers -- 6.4.3 Structural Units of Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s -- 6.4.4 Structural Units of Poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s -- 6.5 Photoisomerization -- 6.6 Host-guest Interactions -- 6.7 Thermo-responsiveness -- 6.7.1 LCST: Tegylated Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s in Water -- 6.7.2 UCST: Tegylated Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s in Alcohols -- 6.7.3 UCST and Photoisomerization of Tegylated Poly(azocalix[4]arene)s -- 6.7.4 UCST and Poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s -- 6.7.5 UCST and Photoisomerization of Poly(azodibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)s -- 6.7.6 UCST in Water-alcohol Mixtures -- 6.8 Solvatochromism and pH Sensitivity -- 6.9 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Characterization of Temperature-responsive Polymers -- Chapter 7 Small-Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering of Temperature-Responsive Polymers in Solutions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Temperature-responsive Homopolymers -- 7.3 Hydrophobically Modified Polymers -- 7.4 Cross-Linked Temperature-Sensitive Polymers and Gels -- 7.5 Temperature-Responsive Block Copolymers -- 7.6 Hybrid Nanoparticles -- 7.7 Gradient Temperature-Responsive Polymers -- 7.8 Multi-responsive Copolymers -- 7.9 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter 8 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Temperature-Responsive Polymers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental Methods to Measure IR and Raman Spectra of Aqueous Solutions -- 8.3 Poly(N-substituted acrylamide)s -- 8.3.1 Overall Spectral Change -- 8.3.2 Amide Bands -- 8.3.3 C-H Stretching Bands -- 8.3.4 C-D Stretching Band -- 8.4 Poly(vinyl ether)s -- 8.5 Poly(meth)acrylates -- 8.6 Effects of Additives on Phase Behavior -- 8.7 Temperature-Responsive Copolymers and Gels -- References -- Chapter 9 Application of NMR Spectroscopy to Study Thermoresponsive Polymers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Coil-Globule Phase Transition and Its Manifestation in NMR Spectra -- 9.3 Temperature Dependences of High-Resolution NMR Spectra: Phase-Separated Fraction p -- 9.4 Multicomponent Polymer Systems -- 9.5 Effects of Low-Molecular-Weight Additives on Phase Transition -- 9.6 Behavior of Water at the Phase Transition -- 9.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 10 Polarized Luminescence Studies of Nanosecond Dynamics of Thermosensitive Polymers in Aqueous Solutions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Theoretical Part -- 10.2.1 Polarization of Luminescence -- 10.2.2 The Use of Polarized Luminescence in the Studies of Nanosecond Dynamics of Macromolecules -- 10.3 Experimental Part -- 10.3.1 Methods of Synthesis of Polymers Containing Luminescent Markers -- 10.3.2 Technique for Measurement of Luminescence Polarization -- 10.3.3 Thermosensitive Water-Soluble Polymers -- 10.3.4 pH and Thermosensitive Water-Soluble Polymers -- 10.3.5 Temperature-Induced Transitions in Polymers in Nonaqueous Solutions -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Applications of Temperature-responsive Polymers -- Chapter 11 Applications of Temperature-Responsive Polymers Grafted onto Solid Core Nanoparticles -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Silica Nanoparticles.

11.2.1 pNIPAM-functionalised Silica Nanoparticles -- 11.2.2 Poloxamer-functionalised Silica Nanoparticles -- 11.2.3 Other Polymers -- 11.3 Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.3.1 pNIPAM-functionalised Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.3.2 Poloxamer-functionalised Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.3.3 Elastin-functionalised Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.3.4 Other Polymer-functionalised Metallic Nanoparticles -- 11.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.1 pNIPAM-functionalised Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.2 Poloxamer-functionalised Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.3 Other TRP-functionalised Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.4 Summary -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Temperature-responsive Polymers for Tissue Engineering -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Dishes and Cell Sheets -- 12.1.2 Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Dishes Prepared by Electron-beam-induced Polymerization -- 12.1.3 Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Dishes for Enhancing Cell Adhesion and Proliferation by Immobilized Biological Ligands -- 12.1.4 Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Dish Prepared by Living Radical Polymerization -- 12.1.5 Patterned Thermo-responsive Cell Culture Substrates -- 12.1.6 Thermo-responsive Surfaces for Cell Separation -- 12.2 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 Thermogel Polymers for Injectable Drug Delivery Systems -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Pluronics® -- 13.3 Polyester-based Polymers -- 13.4 Chitosan and Derivatives -- 13.5 Polypeptides -- 13.6 Clinical Application of Thermogel Polymers -- 13.6.1 Ocular Delivery -- 13.6.2 Nasal Delivery -- 13.6.3 Antitumor Delivery/Drug Delivery Systems -- 13.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 14 Thermoresponsive Electrospun Polymer-based (Nano)fibers -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Basic Principles of Electrospinning -- 14.3 PNIPAM-based Electrospun (Nano)fibers.

14.3.1 Temperature-triggered Wettability.

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