Multiple Sclerosis : A New Paradigm.

Intro -- MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A NEW PARADIGM -- MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A NEW PARADIGM -- Contents -- Abstract -- Chapter I A Historic Perspective on Multiple Sclerosis -- First Clinical Descriptions -- Diaries: Personnal Accounts -- Identifying and Naming Multiple Sclerosis -- Anatomic Descriptions -- Clinical Description and Approach to Pathophysiology -- Cognitive Impairment: -- The Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis -- MS Laboratory -- Oligoclonal Bands -- Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis -- Imaging In MS -- The Evolution of Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis -- Epidemiology -- References -- Chapter II Bacterial Role in the Development of Chronic Multiple Sclerosis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Relation between External and Internal Etiopathogenetic Factors in MS -- Evidence for the Role of Environmental (Microbial) Factors in MS -- Role of Bacteria in MS -- Chlamydia and MS: -- Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas and MS: -- Upper Respiratory Tract as the Main Route of Infection in MS -- Molecular Mimicry as the Pathogenetic Mechanism in MS -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter III Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) -- Induction -- Clinical Features -- Neuropathology -- Pathophysiology -- Immunopathology of the CNS and PNS Lesions -- Pathogenesis -- Blood-Brain Barrier Passage in EAE -- CNS Immigration -- Role of CD4+ T Cells and CD8+ T Cells in EAE -- The role of B cells and Antibody In EAE -- The Role of Cytokines in EAE -- Mechanisms of Demyelination in EAE -- Other Rodent Models of MS -- Viral Models -- Engineered Transgenic Models -- Nonhuman Primate Models of MS -- EAE in Rhesus Macaque Monkeys (M. Mulatta) -- EAE in Common Marmosets (C.jacchus) -- Conclusions -- References.

Chapter IV Immunopathology and Immunomodulation in Experimental Autoimmune Encaphalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Immunopathology and Immunomodulation -- Copolymer 1 (Glatiramer Acetate, Copaxone) -- Interferon-β -- Interferon-γ -- Interferon-τ -- Laquinimod -- Linomide (Roquinimex) -- Dexamethasone -- Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) -- Natalizumab (Antegren) -- Other Compounds -- Vitamin K2 -- Retinoic acid -- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 -- Antioxidants and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) -- Methylthioadenosine -- Lovastatin -- Ritonavir -- Cyclosporin A -- Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor -- SR 57746A -- Myelin Basic Protein -- Dexanabinol (HU-211) -- Uric Acid -- EUK-8 -- Mesopram and Rolipram -- Actarit -- Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I -- CNI-1493 -- Anti-4-1BB Monoclonal Antibody -- Castanospermine -- Acetylcarnitine -- CT301 -- Pixantrone (BBR2778) -- Bepridil, Flecainide and Alkoxypsolarens -- Minocycline -- Tyrphostin AG-556 -- Zinc-Metallothionein-II -- TRAIL -- AMPA Antagonist -- Bisindolylmaleimide VIII -- Methylprednisolone -- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide -- GEMSP -- Synthesis of GEMSP -- Effects of the GEMSP Dose on EAE -- GEMSP in the CNS -- Role of GEMSP In Leukocyte Infiltration and Clinical Scores -- Role of the Components of GEMSP -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter V Indirect Visualization of Specific Antigenic Modifications Induced by Nitric Oxide in an Experimental Model of Allergic Encephalomyelitis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Animals and EAE Induction -- Clinical Scores -- ELISA Materials -- ELISA Protocol -- Results -- Circulating Antibodies against NO- and NO2-Modified Conjugated Small Molecules -- Evaluation of Immunoglobulin Isotypes -- Detection of Circulating Antibodies Directed Against Conjugated Small Molecules.

NO-L-Cysteine and L-Cysteine -- NO-L-Tyrosine, NO2-L-Tyrosine and L-Tyrosine -- NO-L-Tryptophan and L-Tryptophan -- NO-L-Histidine and L-Histidine Antibodies -- Discussion -- Methodology used -- EAE Model -- Interest of NO Antibodies -- Significance of Isotype Antibodies -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter VI A New Paradigm for Multiple Sclerosis -- Abstract -- I - Introduction -- II - Experimental Arguments for the Involvement of Bacteria in MS -- III - Immunological Data in MS -- IV - Microbial Influence and Generation of Th17 Cells in CNS Autoimmunity -- V - Schematic Representation of Our Paradigm -- 1) Non-Pathogenic Bacteria -- 2) Bacterial Components -- 3) Endotoxins -- 4) Immune Activation -- 5) Super-Antigens -- 6) Activation of Autoreactive Clones -- 7) Neurotoxicity -- 8) Enzymatic Activation -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Blank Page.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.