Artillery in the Era of the Crusades : Siege Warfare and the Development of Trebuchet Technology.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- List of Illustrations -- Abbreviations -- Names -- Weights and Measures -- Regional Maps -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- Background -- Classical Artillery -- Terminological Issues -- Early Traction Trebuchets in the Near and Middle East -- Early Byzantine Trebuchets -- Early Muslim Trebuchets -- Later Byzantine and Muslim Artillery -- Early Traction Trebuchets in Europe -- Appearance of the Counterweight Trebuchet -- Origin of the Counterweight Trebuchet -- Frankish Terminology -- Muslim Terminology -- Chapter 2 -- Mechanics -- Traction -- Hybrid -- Counterweight -- The Mathematics -- Mathematical Abbreviations -- Energy System -- Mechanical System -- Ideal Proportions -- Chapter 3 -- First Crusade -- Nicaea: 1097 -- Antioch: 1097-98 -- Ma'arrat al-Nu'man and 'Arqa: 1098 -- Jerusalem: 1099 -- The Franks' Artillery -- The Muslims' Artillery -- Chapter 4 -- Twelfth Century -- The Opening Decades -- The Palestinian Coast -- The North -- Jaffa: 1123 -- Tyre: 1124 -- Havedic -- Offensives of Zanki and John Comnenus -- Al-Sawr: 1134 -- Montferrand: 1137 -- Antioch: 1137 -- Shayzar: 1138 -- Banyas: 1140 -- Edessa: 1144 -- The Second Crusade and the Ebb of Frankish Dominance -- Lisbon: 1147 -- Ascalon: 1153 -- Banyas: 1157 -- Shayzar and Harim: 1157 -- Egypt: A New Frontier -- Alexandria: 1167 -- Damietta: 1169 -- Alexandria: 1174 -- Harim: 1177 -- The Rise of Saladin -- Jacob's Ford: 1179 -- Beirut: 1182 -- Mosul and Amida: 1182-83 -- Transjordan -- Defences of Kerak -- Early Sieges: 1170-73 -- Kerak: 1183 -- Kerak: 1184 -- Kerak and Counterweight Artillery -- Kerak: 1187 -- Chapter 5 -- Third Crusade -- The Hattin Campaign -- Ascalon: 1187 -- Jerusalem: 1187 -- Tyre: 1187 -- Eastern Galilee: 1188 -- Indications of Range in Western Syria and Transjordan -- Saone: 1188 -- Shughr-Bakas: 1188 -- Bourzey: 1188.

The Syrian Gates: 1188 -- The Absence of Artillery in Transjordan -- The Significance of Range -- Saladin's Conquest of Northern Palestine -- Safed: 1188 -- Belvoir: Dec 1188 -- The First Great Siege of Acre -- First Phase: 1189-90 -- Second Phase: 1190 -- Third Phase: 1191 -- Legacy -- Later Sieges of the Crusade -- Darum: 1192 -- Jaffa: 1192 -- Chapter 6 -- Ayyubid Period -- The Fifth Crusade and New Latin Terminology -- Mount Tabor: 1217 -- Damietta: 1218-19 -- Artillery at Damietta -- The Coptic Account -- The Push to Mansura: 1221 -- 'Atlit and Caesarea: 1218-20 -- The Sixth Crusade and War on Cyprus -- Kantara, Beirut and Kyrenia: 1229-33 -- Continued Infighting and New Arabic Terminology -- Jerusalem: 1239 -- Beaufort: 1240 -- Tyre: 1243 -- 'Ajlun: 1243/44 -- The Consequences of Forbie -- Ascalon: 1247 -- Homs: 1248-49 -- Louis IX and the Seventh Crusade -- The Aftermath of Defeat in Egypt -- The Mongols and the War of St Sabas -- Mongols -- The War of St Sabas -- Chapter 7 -- Mamluk Period -- Baybars' Early Artillery -- Caesarea: 1265 -- Arsuf: 1265 -- Safed: 1266 -- Beaufort: 1268 -- Antioch: 1268 -- Indications of Significant Power: 1271 -- Crac des Chevaliers: 1271 -- 'Akkar: 1271 -- Montfort: 1271 -- The Sultanate of Qalawun -- Margat: 1285 -- Maraclea: 1285 -- Saone: 1287 -- Tripoli: 1289 -- The Second Great Siege of Acre: 1291 -- Artillery and the Siege -- Plates -- Plates -- Chapter 8 -- Influence of Offensive Artillery -- Theories Regarding the Influence of Artillery -- Siege Length -- Development, Manpower and Resources -- Concentricity -- Wall Thickness -- 'Atlit -- Purpose and Inconsistency -- Mamluk Towers -- Entrances -- Dressing -- Tower Shape -- Chapter 9 -- Influence of Defensive Artillery -- Ground-mounted Artillery -- Tower-mounted Artillery -- Elevating Counterweight Artillery -- Possible Ayyubid Artillery Towers.

Al-'Adil's Early Work -- Damascus -- Bosra and 'Ajlun -- Continuity -- Possible Frankish Artillery Towers -- Crac des Chevaliers -- 'Atlit -- Margat -- Arsuf -- Possible Mamluk Artillery Towers -- Subayba -- Crac des Chevaliers -- Margat -- Safed -- Others -- Other Interpretations -- Symbolism -- Conclusion -- Development -- East-West Supremacy -- Employment -- Trajectory -- Damage -- Coordinated Use -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Bibliography -- Index.

In Artillery in the Era of the Crusades, Michael S. Fulton provides a detailed historical and archaeological study of the use and development of trebuchet technology in the Levant through the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.