Pathogenic Neisseria : Genomics, Molecular Biology and Disease Intervention.

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Current Books of Interest -- Preface -- 1: Genomics and Reference Libraries -- Introduction -- Bacterial typing using nucleotide sequencing -- Clonal complexes -- Sequence typing databases -- Antigen typing -- Antibiotic resistance genes -- Data management -- The Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence Database (BIGSdb) platform -- Genome Comparator and whole genome MLST -- Neisseria genomes on PubMLST.org -- Community-based annotation -- Automated extraction of clinically relevant information -- Neisseria speciation using standard and ribosomal MLST -- Discussion -- Future trends -- 2: Transcriptional Regulatory Proteins in the Pathogenic Neisseria -- Introduction -- Clinical and biological relevance of Neisseria transcriptional regulators in general and Fur in particular -- Mechanism of regulation of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) -- Fur acts as a global regulator in the pathogenic Neisseria -- Direct Fur regulation -- Indirect Fur regulation -- Fur cross-talk with other regulatory circuits -- Conclusions -- Future trends -- 3: The Regulatory Small RNAs of Neisseria -- Introduction -- Identification of sRNAs of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae -- Functional analysis of sRNAs in Neisseria -- Conclusions -- Future trends -- Inter- and Intraspecies Transformation in the Neisseria: Mechanism, Evolution and DNA Uptake Sequenc -- Introduction -- Inter- and intraspecies transformation in the neisseriae -- Restriction modification and transformation -- Transformation mechanism -- DNA uptake sequence specificity of the Neisseria -- Discussion and conclusions -- Future trends -- 5: Pathogenic Neisseria: Neither Aerobes nor True Anaerobes, but Dedicated Microaerophiles -- Introduction -- Aerobic growth of neisserial species -- Why might Neisseria not be able to grow anaerobically?.

Effect of oxygen limitation on serum resistance and pathogenicity -- FNR in the gonococcus -- Gonococcal survival during oxygen starvation -- Reduction of nitric oxide, the toxic product of nitrite reduction -- Neisserial denitrification and pathogenicity -- Other physiological roles of the neisserial FNR transcription activators -- Evidence that the meningococcal FNR is less oxygen sensitive than the gonococcal FNR -- Outer membrane lipoproteins as the first line of defence against chemical attack by the host -- Electron transfer to outer membrane lipoproteins -- Overview of nitrosative damage -- Repair of nitrosative damage -- Conclusions: niche adaptation and pathogenicity -- Future trends -- 6: Peptidoglycan Metabolism and Fragment Production -- Introduction -- Overview of Neisseria cell wall structure -- Cell wall growth, septation and separation -- Autolysis -- Release of PG fragments by N. gonorrhoeae -- Enzymes involved in peptidoglycan liberation from the cell wall -- Peptidoglycan acetylation -- Recycling of peptidoglycan fragments -- Starvation response in the absence of peptidoglycan recycling -- Meningococcal PG fragment release -- Responses to released PG fragments -- Peptidoglycanases affecting secretion or host interaction -- Future trends -- 7: The Glycome of Neisseria spp.: How does this Relate to Pathogenesis? -- Genus Neisseria -- Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) -- Mechanisms contributing to variable expression of LOS -- Role of LOS in neisserial pathogenesis -- Capsule -- Proteoglycome -- Conclusions and future direction -- 8: Neisseria Biofilms: Biology, Formation and Role in Pathogenesis -- Introduction -- Biofilms -- Biofilms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- Gonococcal biofilm matrix is composed of bacterial membranes and DNA -- Gonococcal biofilm formation in women with cervical infection -- Quorum sensing in N. gonorrhoeae.

Analysis of the gonococcal biofilm transcriptome and proteome -- Meningococcal biofilms -- 9: Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance Expressed by the Pathogenic Neisseria -- Introduction -- Historical perspectives and the emergence of antibiotic resistance -- Mechanisms of resistance: overview of the physiology and genetics of antibiotic resistance -- Enzymatic modification of antibiotics -- Decreased influx of antibiotics -- Efflux of antibiotics -- Target modification/protection -- Resistance to penicillin and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins by target modification -- Tetracycline resistance by target modification -- Ciprofloxacin resistance by target modification -- Macrolide resistance by target modification -- Spectinomycin resistance by target modification -- Rifampin resistance by target modification -- Interplay of resistance mechanisms -- Regulation of antibiotic resistance genes -- Antibiotic resistance and neisserial fitness -- Conclusions and future trends -- 10: The Roadblocks in Developing a Gonococcal Vaccine and Reasons for Optimism -- Introduction -- Gonococcal outer membrane components -- Immune response to the gonococcus -- Previous attempts at gonococcal vaccines -- Gonococcal infection models -- Conclusion -- Future trends -- 11: Interactions of Pathogenic Neisseria with Neutrophils in the Context of Host Immunity -- Introduction -- Recruitment of neutrophils during Neisseria infection -- Evidence for pathogenic Neisseria surviving exposure to neutrophils -- Neisserial avoidance of neutrophil phagocytosis -- Neisserial phagocytosis by neutrophils -- Intrinsic Neisserial defences against neutrophil ROS -- Intrinsic Neisserial defences against neutrophil antimicrobial non-oxidative products -- Manipulating neutrophil antimicrobial activities -- Neisseria prolongs neutrophil lifespan.

Do neutrophils support Neisserial replication and dissemination? -- Neutrophil coordination of the immune response to Neisseria -- Conclusions and future trends -- 12: Modelling Infection by the Pathogenic Neisseria -- Neisserial host restriction -- Gonococcal infection models -- Meningococcal infection models -- Future perspectives -- Index.

In this book leading Neisseria authorities review the most important research on pathogenic Neisseria to provide a timely overview of the field. Topics covered include: the link between pathogenesis and important metabolic pathways; vaccine development; antibiotic resistance; transcriptomics of regulatory networks; regulatory small RNAs; interactions with neutrophils; and advances in humanized mouse models. An essential guide for research scientists, advanced students, clinicians and other professionals working with Neisseria, this book is a recommended text for all microbiology libraries.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.