Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health in South Asia : Drivers and Enablers.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- The Analytical Framework: Drivers and Enablers for Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health Outcomes -- Research Methodology -- Organization of the Report -- Notes -- Chapter 2 Regional Trends in Maternal and Reproductive Health -- Key Messages -- Regional Context -- Maternal Mortality -- Maternal Health -- Reproductive Health -- Note -- Chapter 3 Household Drivers -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Household Gender Dynamics -- Access to Information and Increased Use of Services -- Women's Education and Household Income -- Chapter 4 Program Drivers -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Skilled Birth Attendance -- Institutional Delivery -- Emergency Obstetric Care -- Safe Abortion Services and Post-Abortion Care -- Family Planning -- Antenatal Care and Female Community Health Workers -- Chapter 5 Health Sector Drivers -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Health Care Financing -- Health Service Delivery -- Human Resources for Health -- Essential Drugs and Health Commodities -- Health Information Systems -- Leadership and Governance -- Note -- Chapter 6 Community Enablers -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Deploying Community-Based Female Health Workers -- Community-Based Interventions -- Engaging Community Leaders -- Reaching Economically and Socially Marginalized Women -- Chapter 7 Multisectoral Enablers -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Education -- Transport and Communications -- Water and Sanitation -- Nutrition -- Energy -- Conditional Cash Transfers -- Microcredit -- Chapter 8 Contextual Enablers -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Political Enablers -- Economic Enablers -- Demographic Enablers -- Sociocultural Enablers -- Chapter 9 No Single Intervention Is Sufficient -- What Worked.

Where More Evidence Is Needed -- What Made SAR Stand Out? -- The Way Forward -- Notes -- Appendix A The Different Conceptual Frameworks for Maternal Health Outcomes -- Appendix B Structured Literature Review on Maternal Mortality -- Appendix C Literature Review of Systematic Reviews on Maternal and Reproductive Health -- Bibliography -- Boxes -- Box 3.1 Role of Men in Punjab, Pakistan -- Box 5.1 Health Financing Schemes for Maternal Health -- Box 7.1 Emergency Response System in Andhra Pradesh, India -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Concentric Spheres of Constraints that Cause Maternal Mortality -- Figure 1.2 Drivers and Enablers for Improving MRH Outcomes -- Figure 2.1 MMR Reduction by Region, 1990-2013 -- Figure 2.2 Regional Maternal Mortality Ratios, 1990-2013 -- Figure 2.3 MMR Trends among SAR Countries -- Figure 2.4 Proportion Reduction in MMR among SAR Countries, 1990-2013 -- Figure 2.5 Causes of Maternal Deaths in SAR, 2013 -- Figure 2.6 Performance of SAR Countries in Achieving MMR with Level of Health Expenditure -- Figure 2.7 Skilled Birth Attendance by Region -- Figure 2.8 Skilled Birth Attendance in SAR -- Figure 2.9 Skilled Birth Attendance across Wealth Quintiles in Pakistan, 1990-2013 -- Figure 2.10 Skilled Birth Attendance by Residence in South Asian Countries -- Figure 2.11 TFR and CPR among SAR Countries -- Figure 3.1 Adult Literacy Rate, Population 15+ Years, Female, 2013 -- Figure 4.1 Births Attended by Skilled Health Staff, 2011 -- Figure 4.2 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate, 2011 -- Figure 4.3 Pregnant Women Receiving ANC, 2011 -- Figure 4.4 Correlation between Maternal Mortality Ratio and Skilled Birth Attendance, 2013 -- Figure 4.5 Correlation between Met Need of EmOC and MMR -- Figure 4.6 Correlation between MMR and Contraceptive Prevalence Rate, 2013 -- Figure 5.1 Health Expenditure per Capita, 2013.

Figure 5.2 Public Health Expenditure as a Share of Total Health Expenditure, 2013 -- Figure 5.3 Hospital Beds per 1,000 People, 2012 -- Figure 5.4 Physicians per 1,000 People, 2010 -- Figure 5.5 Nurses and Midwives per 1,000 People, 2010 -- Figure 5.6 Correlation between MMR and Out-of-Pocket Expenditure, 2013 -- Figure 7.1 Gross Secondary Enrollment Ratio, Female, 2012 -- Figure 7.2 Correlation between Mean of Years of Schooling for Females and MMR, 2010 -- Figure 7.3 Correlation between Progression to Secondary School for Females and MMR, 2013 -- Figure 7.4 Correlation between Mobile Cellular Subscriptions and MMR, 2013 -- Figure 7.5 Correlation between Improved Water Source for Rural Population and MMR, 2013 -- Figure 7.6 Correlation between Improved Sanitation and MMR, 2013 -- Figure 8.1 Correlation between MMR and Income Level, 2013 -- Figure 8.2 Correlation between MMR and Fertility Rate, 2013 -- Figure 9.1 Pathways of Interventions and Factors that Improve MRH Service Use and Reduce Maternal Mortality -- Figure A.1 Pathways to Improved Maternal Health Outcomes -- Figure B.1 Literature Review Flow Chart -- Tables -- Table 2.1 Trends in the Number of Maternal Deaths among SAR Countries, 1990-2013 -- Table 2.2 Skilled Birth Attendance across Wealth Quintiles in South Asian Countries.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.