The Future of Work in Africa.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Contributors -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Key Messages -- The Foundations of Economic Transformation through Digital Technologies -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 1 Enabling Inclusive Digital Technologies -- Introduction -- WDR 2019 Analytical Framework and Predicted Effects for Sub-Saharan Africa -- Availability of Digital Technologies and Their Effects to Date -- Availability of Digital Skills and Their Determinants -- Technology and the Global Production Base -- Policy Implications and Future Research Agenda -- Annex 1A. Opportunities and Caveats of Using LinkedIn Data -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Human Capital -- Introduction -- Human Capital and the Future of Work: What Is Different in Sub-Saharan Africa? -- From Digital Technologies to Jobs through Adequate Human Capital -- The Importance of Grassroots and Bottom-Up Innovation -- Policy Implications and Future Research Agenda -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Increasing Informal Sector Productivity -- Introduction -- Overview of Formal and Informal Farms and Firms -- The Future of Informal Work under the Digital Economy -- Policy Implications and Future Research Agenda -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Extending Social Protection Coverage -- Introduction -- Systemic Risks and Fiscal Constraints to Social Protection Coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Importance of Managing Risks, Leveraging Opportunities, and Optimizing Resources -- Conclusion -- Annex 4A. The World Bank's ASPIRE Program Classification -- Annex 4B. WDR 2019 on Social Protection in the Changing World of Work -- Annex 4C. Illustration of Social Protection Policies to Mitigate Risks and Leverage Opportunities -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box O.1 World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work.

Box 1.1 Impact of Faster Internet Adoption on Jobs, by Skill and Education Levels -- Box 1.2 Impact of Digital Technology Adoption on Low-Skill Jobs through the Output Expansion Effect -- Box 1.3 Impact of Access to M-Pesa on Users' Occupational Choices over Time -- Box 1.4 Impact of Automation in Sub-Saharan African Countries -- Box 2.1 Lack of Investment in Early Childhood Development in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Box 2.2 Adult Illiteracy in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Box 2.3 Leveraging Digital Opportunities: Investing in the Skills Needed in the Modern Economy -- Box 2.4 Pathways to Developing Skills in the Informal Sector -- Box 2.5 Canadian Networks of Centres of Excellence: Success and Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa -- Box 2.6 Adult Literacy Programs, Skills, and Employment: What the Evidence Shows -- Box 2.7 Unlocking Technological Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Rise of Tech Startups, Tech Hubs, and Innovation Ecosystem -- Box 2.8 Pathways to Better Job Creation: The Role of Human Capital in Developing Countries -- Box 3.1 E-Extension Increases Productivity for Smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Box 3.2 Services Increasing Farmers' Financial Inclusion -- Box 3.3 Potential Impact of Agricultural Innovation Ecosystems in Kenya and Nigeria -- Box 3.4 Policies Implemented to Address Informality -- Box 4.1 Extending Social Protection Coverage -- Box 4.2 Extending Social Protection Coverage -- Box 4.3 Productive Inclusion through the Sahel Adaptive Social Protection Program -- Box 4.4 Donor Collaboration through the Rapid Social Response Trust Fund -- Figures -- Figure BO.1.1 How Societies Can Benefit from the Potential of Technology -- Figure O.1 Impact of Technological Progress on Work Opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure O.2 Correlation of Mobile Broadband with GDP per Capita and Poverty, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Figure O.3 Impact of Faster Internet on Skilled Occupations and Jobs across Education Levels -- Figure O.4 Growth of Digital Skills in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure O.5 Prerequisites and Selected Measures of Human Capital -- Figure O.6 Informal Employment, by Region and Level of Development, 2016 -- Figure O.7 Social Protection Coverage, by Region -- Figure O.8 Performance of Different Tax Types, Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure O.9 SPL Expenditures and Other Public Investments, Selected Countries -- Figure O.10 Comparing OECD-DAC Bilateral Aid and Chinese Loans to Africa, 2016 -- Figure 1.1 Impact of Technological Progress on Work Opportunities -- Figure 1.2 Example of Changing Skill Composition Demand, 1986 versus 2018 -- Figure 1.3 Automation, Globalization, and Manufacturing Employment -- Figure 1.4 Unique Mobile Broadband Penetration, by Region, 2010-18 -- Figure 1.5 Correlation between Availability of Mobile Broadband or Mobile Voice and Income and Inclusion Indicators -- Figure B1.1.1 Impact of Faster Internet on Skilled Occupations and Jobs across Education Levels -- Figure B1.2.1 Impact of Skill-Biased Digital Technology Adoption and Output Expansion on High- and Low-Skill Jobs -- Figure B1.3.1 The Influence of Access to M-Pesa on Individuals' Occupational Choices -- Figure 1.6 Digital Skills in Sub-Saharan Africa Relative to Other Regions -- Figure 1.7 Large Heterogeneity in Relative Penetration of Digital Skills across Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure 1.8 Relative Penetration of Various Digital Skills in Sub-Saharan African Countries -- Figure 1.9 Adoption of Various Digital Skills in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries and Benchmark Countries in Europe -- Figure 1.10 Growth of Digital Skills in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure 1.11 Correlation between Digital Skill Adoption and Complementary Factors.

Figure 1.12 Exports of Raw Materials and Technology-Intensive Products from Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure 1.13 Unit Labor Costs and Wages in Developing Countries That Are Significantly Involved in Global Value Chains -- Figure B2.2.1 Adult Illiteracy in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure B2.3.1 Life-Cycle Skills Development in Sub-Saharan Africa for the Future of Work -- Figure 2.1 Sub-Saharan Africa's Poor Performance on the World Bank's Human Capital Index -- Figure 2.2 Poor Learning Outcomes for Students in Many Sub-Saharan African Countries -- Figure 2.3 Wage-Earning Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure 2.4 Self-Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure 2.5 Impact on Productivity of High Jobs Growth in Certain Sectors, Sub-Saharan Africa, 1960s-2015 -- Figure B2.4.1 Skill Levels in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries, by Workforce Sector -- Figure B2.4.2 Sources of Skills Training in Tanzania's Informal Sector, 2006 -- Figure 2.6 Share of Population with Completed Tertiary Education, Sub-Saharan Africa versus Other Regions -- Figure 2.7 Tertiary Education Enrollment in Sub-Saharan Africa, by Field -- Figure 2.8 Prerequisites for Helping Sub-Saharan Africa Reap the Benefits of Digital Technologies -- Figure 2.9 Use of Mobile Phone and Internet to Access Financial Accounts -- Figure 2.10 Shares of Individuals Using the Internet in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure 2.11 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Framework for Sub-Saharan Africa's Innovation Ecosystem -- Figure 2.12 ICT Readiness Determined by Five Key Variables, Selected Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure B2.8.1 Share of Employment, by Size of Firm, Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure B2.8.2 Firm Size in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure B2.8.3 Survival Rates of Firms in Selected Countries, by Firm Age and Size.

Figure 3.1 Key Correlates of Informality: Development Outcomes, Fiscal Indicators, and Governance -- Figure 3.2 Share of Informal Activity for Three West African Economies -- Figure 3.3 Pervasive Informal Labor in Africa -- Figure 3.4 Formal Employment, by Worker Age and Economy's Level of Development, 2016 -- Figure 3.5 Informality and Entrepreneurial Dynamism, Sub-Saharan Africa Relative to Other Regions and EMDEs -- Figure 3.6 Distribution and Characteristics of Farms, Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Regions -- Figure 3.7 Internet in Africa, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, 2011-12 -- Figure B3.4.1 Policy Reforms to Curb Informality, Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Regions -- Figure B4.1.1 Contributions of Mining Sector to Exports and National Employment, Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries -- Figure B4.1.2 Employment in Formal versus Artisanal Mining, Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2017 -- Figure B4.1.3 Mining Industry Employment by Occupational Category, South Africa and Zambia -- Figure 4.1 Extraregional and Intraregional Trade, 2017 -- Figure 4.2 Composition of Trade within Africa versus African Exports to the Rest of the World -- Figure 4.3 Adjustment Paths Following Trade Liberalization -- Figure 4.4 Conflict Events Worldwide and Internally Displaced Persons in Africa -- Figure 4.5 Demographic Transition and Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Figure 4.6 Destinations and Reasons for Emigration by Africans -- Figure 4.7 Social Protection Coverage and Number of Programs -- Figure 4.8 Social Safety Net Coverage of Population Groups, by Region and Program Type -- Figure 4.9 Social Assistance Packages and the Cost of Universal Basic Income -- Figure 4.10 Social Protection and Labor Programs in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Tanzania -- Figure 4.11 Average Social Safety Net Spending, by Region.

Figure 4.12 Share of Donor-Funded Safety Nets in Sub-Saharan African Countries.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.