Fatigue in Aviation : a Guide to Staying Awake at the Stick.

Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PART I: THE PROBLEM OF FATIGUE -- 1 Introduction -- Academic Proof that Fatigue Really is an Aviation Concern -- Fatigue Drivers in Civil Aviation -- Fatigue Drivers in the Military Sector -- Work Pressures and Technological Factors -- Aviator Fatigue is a Recognized Problem -- Fatigue is a Contributor to Air Mishaps -- Extended Work and Insufficient Sleep are Common in Aviation -- Lengthy Duty Periods have been Associated with Performance Declines -- Time of Day is an Important Determinant of Fatigue and Performance -- Aircrew Fatigue: The Bottom Line -- What Can Be Done? -- 2 An Overview of Fatigue -- Fatigue Defined -- Quantifying Fatigue -- Evidence that Fatigue Played a Role in Some Noteworthy Catastrophes -- Typical Effects of Fatigue -- Fatigue-Related/Sleepiness-Related Problems are Extensive in Aviation -- Fatigue in Commercial Aviation -- Fatigue in Military Operations -- Pilot Perceptions about Fatigue -- Legal Accountability for Widespread Fatigue is on the Rise -- Efforts are Underway to Address the Issue -- PART II: CAUSES OF FATIGUE -- 3 The Nature of Fatigue -- Fatigue is More Than a State of Mind -- Fatigue is Based on Physiological Factors -- The Physiological Drive for Sleep is Similar to the Drive to Eat -- Everybody has a Biological Sleep Requirement -- Everyone's Alertness is Affected by the Body's Clock -- Evolution has not Prepared Humans to Deal Well with Time Changes -- Technology has had both Positive and Negative Effects -- Appreciation for the Underlying Factors is Essential to Addressing Pilot Fatigue -- Forget About the Myths that Undermine Effective Alertness Management -- Myth 1 -- Myth 2 -- Myth 3 -- Myth 4 -- Myth 5 -- Myth 6 -- 4 The Processes Underlying Sleepiness (Fatigue) and Alertness.

The Primary Factors that Affect Alertness/Sleepiness -- Homeostatic Mechanism -- Circadian Mechanism -- The Two Mechanisms Combined -- Other Factors -- Fatigue-Related Changes in Performance are Difficult to Predict -- 5 Circadian Rhythms -- Jet Lag -- An Example of Jet Lag in an East/West Transition -- An Example of Jet Lag in a West/East Transition -- How Long Does it Take to Get Over a Case o f Jet Lag? -- Jet Lag is a Continuous Problem for Long-Haul Pilots -- Shift Lag -- An Example of Shift Lag Associated with Night Work -- Discordance Between Schedules and Environmental Cues is a Major Problem -- The Timing of Sleep Periods is Critical for Sleep Quantity and Quality -- The Timing of Work Periods Affects Alertness on the Job -- Night Work Presents Serious Challenges for Aviators -- Early Report Times are Problematic as Well -- How Long Does it Take to Adjust to a New Work Shift? -- Are Slow Schedule Rotations Better than Fast Schedule Rotations? -- The Bottom Line -- 6 Sleep Facts -- The Process Called Sleep -- Understanding the Process of Sleep Through Physiological Recordings -- Classifying the Different Types of Sleep -- Non-REM and REM Sleep -- The Distribution of Stages Throughout a Period of Sleep -- Modifiers of Sleep Architecture -- Sleep Deprivation -- The Timing of Sleep -- Age -- Medications -- Environment -- 7 Sleep Disorders -- Sleep Apnea -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Types of Apnea -- Apnea and Flight Status -- Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS) -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- A Variant of PLMS - Restless Leg Syndrome -- Limb Movement Disorders and Flight Status -- Narcolepsy -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Narcolepsy and Flight Status -- Transient Insomnia -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis and Treatment -- Transient Insomnia and Flight Status -- Chronic Insomnia -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis and Treatment.

Chronic Insomnia and Flight Status -- 8 Other Factors Associated with Sleep Difficulties -- Intentional Sleep Restriction -- Poor Sleep Habits -- We are Creatures of Habit -- Behavioral Chains -- The 'Up Side' and the 'Down Side' of Chains -- All by Themselves, Bad Habits can Lead to Chronic Insomnia -- PART III: COUNTERMEASURES FOR FATIGUE -- 9 The Need for Fatigue Countermeasures -- Indicators of Increased Fatigue Risk -- Many Schedules Increase Susceptibility to Circadian-Impaired Alertness -- Scheduling Factors can Increase the Homeostatic Drive for Sleep -- The Work Environment can Exacerbate Underlying Fatigue -- Inadequate Implementation of Fatigue Remedies Impedes Alertness Management -- There are Realistic Solutions to the Problem of Fatigue -- Alertness-Management Strategies must be Tailored -- 10 Sleep Optimization: The First-Line Fatigue Countermeasure -- Will Sleep Loss Really Affect Pilot Performance? -- How do I Know how Much Sleep I Need? -- Two Ways to Calculate Your Individual Sleep Need -- What Sleep Habits will Ensure I get the Most Out of Every Sleep Opportunity? -- Stick to a Consistent Wake-Up Time and Bedtime Every Day of the Week -- Use the Bedroom Only for Sleep and Sex -- Resolve Daily Dilemmas Outside of the Bedroom -- Establish a Bedtime Routine -- Establish an Aerobic Exercise Routine and Stick to it -- Create a Quiet and Comfortable Sleep Environment -- Don't be a Clock Watcher -- Don't Consume Caffeine Within 4 Hours of Bedtime -- Don't Use Alcohol as a Sleep Aid -- Don't Take Naps During the Day (if you have Trouble Sleeping at Night) -- Don't Smoke Cigarettes Immediately Before Bedtime -- Get Out of Bed and Go to Another Room if Sleep Does not Come in 30 Minutes -- 11 Anti-Fatigue Strategies for Shift Lag and Jet Lag -- Fatigue-Countermeasure Strategies for Shift Workers -- Carefully Schedule Night Duty Tasks.

Attend to Circadian Factors when Scheduling Layovers -- Maximize Every Sleep Opportunity -- Circadian Adaptation Strategies for Sufferers of Shift Lag and Jet Lag -- Determine Whether a Circadian Readjustment is Really Necessary -- Properly Rotate Schedules -- Use Medications when Necessary -- Employ Behavioral Interventions Combined with a Few Other Tips -- Try Bright Light -- Consider Melatonin -- Computerized Scheduling Tools can Help Devise New Work/Rest Schedules -- Models Underlying Predictions and the Effects of Individual Differences -- Choosing the Right Scheduling Tool -- One Possibility is the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool™ -- 12 Anti-Fatigue Strategies for Situations Involving Sleep Restriction -- Strategic Napping -- Create a Suitable Nap Environment -- Time Naps Appropriately for the Circadian Phase -- Time Naps Close to the Beginning of Long Duty Periods -- Place Naps Early in the Sleep-Deprivation Period -- Make Naps as Long As Possible -- Sleep Inertia is an Important Consideration -- Stimulant Medications -- Caffeine -- Modafinil -- Dextroamphetamine -- Summary -- Rest Breaks -- Exercise -- Postural Changes -- Environmental Manipulations -- Physical Fitness -- Generally-Applicable Techniques -- Summary -- 13 Issues to Consider when Launching a Program of Fatigue Management -- References and Suggested Readings -- Index -- About the Authors.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.