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Bronze Age Monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Oxford : Archaeopress, 2017Copyright date: ©2017Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (166 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781784916053
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Bronze Age Monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon Landscapes at Cambridge Road, BedfordDDC classification:
  • 930
LOC classification:
  • CC165 .C437 2017
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- Aims and objectives -- Review of original research objectives -- Revised research objectives -- Archaeological background -- Background -- Topography and geology -- Excavation methodology -- Structural evidence -- Site chronology and radiocarbon dating -- Fig 1.1: Site location -- Table 1.1: Summary of site chronology -- Table 1.2: Radiocarbon dates: tabulation -- Table 1.2: Radiocarbon dates: plot -- Fig 1.2: General plan -- 2. The Bronze Age Monument Complex -- Neolithic activity -- The Early and Middle Bronze Age monuments -- The causewayed ring ditch -- The ditch -- The western ditch -- Leached fills -- The main ditch circuit -- Secondary and final fills -- Finds from the ring ditch -- The Middle Bronze Age burials, pit 243 -- A satellite cremation burial, B8 -- The central area -- Features in the central area -- Features in the vicinity of the ring ditch -- The round barrow -- A possible precursor -- Early features -- The barrow ditches -- The ditch silting -- Burial pit 260 -- The burial -- The pit -- A timber chamber -- The barrow mound -- The possible height of a central mound -- A Middle to Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch -- The ditch -- The western arm -- The southern arm -- Possible associated pits -- A Middle to Late Bronze Age linear ditch? -- Finds from the Bronze Age monument complex: Neolithic stone and flint axes -- by Andy Chapman -- The worked flint -- Andy Chapman -- The flint assemblage -- Blades and serrated blades -- Cores -- Flakes -- Arrowheads -- Chunks, shattered and burnt flint -- Knives and ovates -- Leaf arrowhead -- Miscellaneous retouch -- Notched/pointed implements -- Scrapers -- The raw material -- Catalogue of illustrated flint (Figs 2.38 &amp -- 2.39) -- Chronology of the assemblage -- Flint distribution.
Linear ditch 8002 -- The Bronze Age monuments -- The causewayed ring ditch -- The round barrow -- The distribution of flint in Area 2 -- The Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age scattered pits -- The Middle/Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age waterhole, 2272 -- Pit 5012 -- The flint distribution -- Pottery from the Bronze Age monuments -- by Andy Chapman -- The late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch -- The ring ditch -- Catalogue of illustrated late Bronze Age pottery -- Pottery from possible Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pits -- Pit 2193, pre-dating eastern ditch of the linear ditch system -- Pit 2202, pre-dating central ditch of the linear ditch system -- Pit 2212 -- Fired clay from the L-shaped ditch -- by Pat Chapman -- Faunal and environmental remains from the Bronze Age monument complex: Human remains from the Bronze Age monuments -- Age -- by Teresa Hawtin -- Cremation burial B8 -- Pathologies -- Sex -- Animal bone from the Bronze Age monuments -- by Rebecca Gordon -- The environmental evidence from the round barrow and the ring ditch -- The ring ditch -- Internal features -- by Val Fryer -- The round barrow -- Charcoal from the Bronze Age monuments -- by Karen Stewart -- Charcoal from the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch -- by Rowena Gale -- Fig 2.1: The monument complex -- Fig 2.2: The ring ditch, looking south-east, at an early stage of excavation -- Fig 2.3: The ring ditch, looking east, with the shallow western ditch and the burial pit in the foreground -- Fig 2.4: The ring ditch, looking south-east, following the machine excavation of the unexcavated ditch fills -- Fig 2.5: The ring ditch -- Fig 2.6: View of excavated ditch segment 136, looking west -- Fig 2.7: The shallow western arm of the ring ditch, 90 (S.22) -- Fig 2.8: Ring ditch sections, western half of circuit -- Fig 2.9: Ring ditch sections, eastern half of circuit.
Fig 2.10: Ring Ditch segment 161 (S.37), showing the leached secondary fills -- Fig 2.11: Ring ditch segment 136 (S.37) also showing leached secondary fills -- Fig 2.12: Ring ditch segment 34 (S.13) showing the clean gravel tip (47) and the dark soil with charcoal (45) -- Fig 2.13: Burials B1-B3 in pit 243, looking north-east -- Fig 2.14: Burials B1-B3 in pit 243, looking south-west -- Fig 2.15: Plan and section of pit 243, showing burials B1-B3 -- Fig 2.16: The excavated round barrow, looking north-east, with the ring ditch in the background -- Fig 2.17: Possible early burial pit 261, looking south-west -- Fig 2.18: The round barrow -- Fig 2.19: The round barrow ring ditch with central burial pit, looking west -- Fig 2.20: The round barrow, looking north-east, almost along the axis through the causeways -- Fig 2.21: The north-western barrow ditch 228 (S.66), showing asymmetrical silting from the inner edge, right -- Fig 2.22: Sections of the barrow ditch, north-western arm -- Fig 2.23: Sections of the barrow ditch, south-eastern arm -- Fig 2.24: Plan and sections of the burial pit 260 -- Fig 2.25: Burial B4 (317) in pit 260 -- Fig 2.26: Burial B4 -- Fig 2.27: Linear staining within the fills of burial pit 260, denoting the presence of a timber chamber -- Fig 2.28: Steeply-tipped gravel against the edge of burial pit 260, right, adjacent to the early pit 261 -- Fig 2.29: Possible remnant of chamber roof in the upper fill of burial pit 260 -- Table 2.1: The possible height of the barrow mound -- Fig 2.30: The L-shaped ditch and associated pits -- Fig 2.31: Longitudinal section (S.203) of the ditch terminal 2016, on the western side of the entrance through the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch, truncated by linear ditch 2011 -- Fig 2.32: Charcoal-rich occupation debris (2005) at the eastern entrance terminal 2008 of the L-shaped ditch.
Fig 2.33: Sections of the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch at the entrance terminals -- Fig 2.34: The western arm of the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch 2185, looking south -- Fig 2.35: The western boundary ditch 8002, looking west -- Fig 2.36: Section of western boundary ditch 8002 -- Fig 2.37: The Neolithic polished stone axe -- Table 2.2: Quantification of worked flint -- Fig 2.38: The worked flint (1-8) -- Fig 2.39: The worked flint (9-14) -- Table 2.3: Distribution of flint across the excavated areas -- Fig 2.40: Fragmentary carinated bowl, with footring base, from fill (241) in burial pit 243 (Scale 10mm) -- Table 2.4: Quantification of pottery from the Bronze Age ring ditch -- Fig 2.41: Rim sherds from the L-shaped ditch: 1) external view and 2) internal view, showing chamfer (Scale 10mm) -- Table 2.5: Completeness and preservation of burials B1-B4 -- Table 2.6: Demographic attributes of burials B1-B4 -- Fig 2.42: Tooth crowns of skeleton B2, 10-12 years old (Scale 1mm/10mm intervals) -- Table 2.7: Pathological conditions, burials B1-B4 -- Fig 2.43: Right maxilla, skeleton B1, possibly female, aged 18-25, showing impacted 3rd molar erupting buccally (Scale 1mm/10mm intervals) -- Table 2.8: Identifiable hand collected animal bone specimens (NISP) -- Table 2.10: Environmental finds from features within the ring ditch -- Table 2.11: Environmental finds from burial pit 260 -- Table 2.9: Environmental samples from the ring ditch and burial pit 243 -- Table 2.12: Charcoal sample from the L-shaped ditch -- 3. Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement -- A Middle/Late Bronze Age land boundary and field system -- The area of the L-shaped enclosure and the waterhole -- The western boundary -- The south-eastern field system -- A Middle/Late Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age waterhole and associated features.
Pits and postholes in the vicinity of the waterhole -- A Middle to Late Iron Age linear boundary ditch system -- The western ditch -- The central ditch -- The eastern ditch -- Fence lines -- The Middle Iron Age enclosure -- The enclosure ditch -- The southern entrance -- Internal features -- Neighbouring exterior features -- The Iron Age pit complex -- Finds from the Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement: The Late Bronze Age and Iron Age pottery -- The Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age waterhole, 2272 -- by Andy Chapman -- Catalogue of illustrated pottery (Fig 3.21) -- The central ditch, north end -- Catalogue of illustrated pottery from the well pit 2272 (Figs 3.19 &amp -- 3.20) -- The Iron Age enclosure -- The Late Iron Age pit complex -- The linear boundary ditch system -- The eastern ditch -- The western ditch -- Area 8: watching brief between Areas 1 and 2 -- Pit 2150, to south of Middle Iron Age enclosure -- Roman pottery from the linear ditch system and the pit complex -- Discussion -- by Andy Chapman -- by Andrew Fawcett -- Other finds -- by Pat Chapman and Andy Chapman -- Fired clay -- Loomweight -- Wood from the waterhole -- by Andy Chapman -- Faunal and environmental remains from the Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement: Species identification for waterlogged wood -- by Karen Stewart -- Animal bone from Iron Age features -- by Rebecca Gordon -- Charred plant remains -- by Val Fryer -- Fig 3.1: The Middle/Late Bronze Age boundary ditch -- Fig 3.2: The waterhole and linear boundary ditches -- Fig 3.3: The waterhole during excavation of the first quadrant, looking north -- Fig 3.4: Section of waterhole, showing the grey-black waterlogged primary silts.
Fig 3.5: The waterhole, showing its sub-rectangular form following the digging out of the upper fills and an access ramp, to permit the excavation of the second quadrant, looking east.
Summary: Presents the results of open area excavations on 14.45ha of land at Cambridge Road, Bedford, carried out in 2004-5 in advance of development.
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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- Aims and objectives -- Review of original research objectives -- Revised research objectives -- Archaeological background -- Background -- Topography and geology -- Excavation methodology -- Structural evidence -- Site chronology and radiocarbon dating -- Fig 1.1: Site location -- Table 1.1: Summary of site chronology -- Table 1.2: Radiocarbon dates: tabulation -- Table 1.2: Radiocarbon dates: plot -- Fig 1.2: General plan -- 2. The Bronze Age Monument Complex -- Neolithic activity -- The Early and Middle Bronze Age monuments -- The causewayed ring ditch -- The ditch -- The western ditch -- Leached fills -- The main ditch circuit -- Secondary and final fills -- Finds from the ring ditch -- The Middle Bronze Age burials, pit 243 -- A satellite cremation burial, B8 -- The central area -- Features in the central area -- Features in the vicinity of the ring ditch -- The round barrow -- A possible precursor -- Early features -- The barrow ditches -- The ditch silting -- Burial pit 260 -- The burial -- The pit -- A timber chamber -- The barrow mound -- The possible height of a central mound -- A Middle to Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch -- The ditch -- The western arm -- The southern arm -- Possible associated pits -- A Middle to Late Bronze Age linear ditch? -- Finds from the Bronze Age monument complex: Neolithic stone and flint axes -- by Andy Chapman -- The worked flint -- Andy Chapman -- The flint assemblage -- Blades and serrated blades -- Cores -- Flakes -- Arrowheads -- Chunks, shattered and burnt flint -- Knives and ovates -- Leaf arrowhead -- Miscellaneous retouch -- Notched/pointed implements -- Scrapers -- The raw material -- Catalogue of illustrated flint (Figs 2.38 &amp -- 2.39) -- Chronology of the assemblage -- Flint distribution.

Linear ditch 8002 -- The Bronze Age monuments -- The causewayed ring ditch -- The round barrow -- The distribution of flint in Area 2 -- The Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age scattered pits -- The Middle/Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age waterhole, 2272 -- Pit 5012 -- The flint distribution -- Pottery from the Bronze Age monuments -- by Andy Chapman -- The late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch -- The ring ditch -- Catalogue of illustrated late Bronze Age pottery -- Pottery from possible Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pits -- Pit 2193, pre-dating eastern ditch of the linear ditch system -- Pit 2202, pre-dating central ditch of the linear ditch system -- Pit 2212 -- Fired clay from the L-shaped ditch -- by Pat Chapman -- Faunal and environmental remains from the Bronze Age monument complex: Human remains from the Bronze Age monuments -- Age -- by Teresa Hawtin -- Cremation burial B8 -- Pathologies -- Sex -- Animal bone from the Bronze Age monuments -- by Rebecca Gordon -- The environmental evidence from the round barrow and the ring ditch -- The ring ditch -- Internal features -- by Val Fryer -- The round barrow -- Charcoal from the Bronze Age monuments -- by Karen Stewart -- Charcoal from the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch -- by Rowena Gale -- Fig 2.1: The monument complex -- Fig 2.2: The ring ditch, looking south-east, at an early stage of excavation -- Fig 2.3: The ring ditch, looking east, with the shallow western ditch and the burial pit in the foreground -- Fig 2.4: The ring ditch, looking south-east, following the machine excavation of the unexcavated ditch fills -- Fig 2.5: The ring ditch -- Fig 2.6: View of excavated ditch segment 136, looking west -- Fig 2.7: The shallow western arm of the ring ditch, 90 (S.22) -- Fig 2.8: Ring ditch sections, western half of circuit -- Fig 2.9: Ring ditch sections, eastern half of circuit.

Fig 2.10: Ring Ditch segment 161 (S.37), showing the leached secondary fills -- Fig 2.11: Ring ditch segment 136 (S.37) also showing leached secondary fills -- Fig 2.12: Ring ditch segment 34 (S.13) showing the clean gravel tip (47) and the dark soil with charcoal (45) -- Fig 2.13: Burials B1-B3 in pit 243, looking north-east -- Fig 2.14: Burials B1-B3 in pit 243, looking south-west -- Fig 2.15: Plan and section of pit 243, showing burials B1-B3 -- Fig 2.16: The excavated round barrow, looking north-east, with the ring ditch in the background -- Fig 2.17: Possible early burial pit 261, looking south-west -- Fig 2.18: The round barrow -- Fig 2.19: The round barrow ring ditch with central burial pit, looking west -- Fig 2.20: The round barrow, looking north-east, almost along the axis through the causeways -- Fig 2.21: The north-western barrow ditch 228 (S.66), showing asymmetrical silting from the inner edge, right -- Fig 2.22: Sections of the barrow ditch, north-western arm -- Fig 2.23: Sections of the barrow ditch, south-eastern arm -- Fig 2.24: Plan and sections of the burial pit 260 -- Fig 2.25: Burial B4 (317) in pit 260 -- Fig 2.26: Burial B4 -- Fig 2.27: Linear staining within the fills of burial pit 260, denoting the presence of a timber chamber -- Fig 2.28: Steeply-tipped gravel against the edge of burial pit 260, right, adjacent to the early pit 261 -- Fig 2.29: Possible remnant of chamber roof in the upper fill of burial pit 260 -- Table 2.1: The possible height of the barrow mound -- Fig 2.30: The L-shaped ditch and associated pits -- Fig 2.31: Longitudinal section (S.203) of the ditch terminal 2016, on the western side of the entrance through the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch, truncated by linear ditch 2011 -- Fig 2.32: Charcoal-rich occupation debris (2005) at the eastern entrance terminal 2008 of the L-shaped ditch.

Fig 2.33: Sections of the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch at the entrance terminals -- Fig 2.34: The western arm of the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch 2185, looking south -- Fig 2.35: The western boundary ditch 8002, looking west -- Fig 2.36: Section of western boundary ditch 8002 -- Fig 2.37: The Neolithic polished stone axe -- Table 2.2: Quantification of worked flint -- Fig 2.38: The worked flint (1-8) -- Fig 2.39: The worked flint (9-14) -- Table 2.3: Distribution of flint across the excavated areas -- Fig 2.40: Fragmentary carinated bowl, with footring base, from fill (241) in burial pit 243 (Scale 10mm) -- Table 2.4: Quantification of pottery from the Bronze Age ring ditch -- Fig 2.41: Rim sherds from the L-shaped ditch: 1) external view and 2) internal view, showing chamfer (Scale 10mm) -- Table 2.5: Completeness and preservation of burials B1-B4 -- Table 2.6: Demographic attributes of burials B1-B4 -- Fig 2.42: Tooth crowns of skeleton B2, 10-12 years old (Scale 1mm/10mm intervals) -- Table 2.7: Pathological conditions, burials B1-B4 -- Fig 2.43: Right maxilla, skeleton B1, possibly female, aged 18-25, showing impacted 3rd molar erupting buccally (Scale 1mm/10mm intervals) -- Table 2.8: Identifiable hand collected animal bone specimens (NISP) -- Table 2.10: Environmental finds from features within the ring ditch -- Table 2.11: Environmental finds from burial pit 260 -- Table 2.9: Environmental samples from the ring ditch and burial pit 243 -- Table 2.12: Charcoal sample from the L-shaped ditch -- 3. Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement -- A Middle/Late Bronze Age land boundary and field system -- The area of the L-shaped enclosure and the waterhole -- The western boundary -- The south-eastern field system -- A Middle/Late Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age waterhole and associated features.

Pits and postholes in the vicinity of the waterhole -- A Middle to Late Iron Age linear boundary ditch system -- The western ditch -- The central ditch -- The eastern ditch -- Fence lines -- The Middle Iron Age enclosure -- The enclosure ditch -- The southern entrance -- Internal features -- Neighbouring exterior features -- The Iron Age pit complex -- Finds from the Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement: The Late Bronze Age and Iron Age pottery -- The Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age waterhole, 2272 -- by Andy Chapman -- Catalogue of illustrated pottery (Fig 3.21) -- The central ditch, north end -- Catalogue of illustrated pottery from the well pit 2272 (Figs 3.19 &amp -- 3.20) -- The Iron Age enclosure -- The Late Iron Age pit complex -- The linear boundary ditch system -- The eastern ditch -- The western ditch -- Area 8: watching brief between Areas 1 and 2 -- Pit 2150, to south of Middle Iron Age enclosure -- Roman pottery from the linear ditch system and the pit complex -- Discussion -- by Andy Chapman -- by Andrew Fawcett -- Other finds -- by Pat Chapman and Andy Chapman -- Fired clay -- Loomweight -- Wood from the waterhole -- by Andy Chapman -- Faunal and environmental remains from the Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement: Species identification for waterlogged wood -- by Karen Stewart -- Animal bone from Iron Age features -- by Rebecca Gordon -- Charred plant remains -- by Val Fryer -- Fig 3.1: The Middle/Late Bronze Age boundary ditch -- Fig 3.2: The waterhole and linear boundary ditches -- Fig 3.3: The waterhole during excavation of the first quadrant, looking north -- Fig 3.4: Section of waterhole, showing the grey-black waterlogged primary silts.

Fig 3.5: The waterhole, showing its sub-rectangular form following the digging out of the upper fills and an access ramp, to permit the excavation of the second quadrant, looking east.

Presents the results of open area excavations on 14.45ha of land at Cambridge Road, Bedford, carried out in 2004-5 in advance of development.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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