Terrorist Attacks and Counterinsurgency Practices.

Intro -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Terrorist Attacks in Mumbai, India and Implications for U.S. Interests* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Attack Overview -- U.S. Response -- Suspected/Accused Culprits -- Lashkar-e-Taiba -- Suspected Links With Pakistan's State Apparatus -- Indigenous Indian Suspects -- Possible Motives -- Background -- Domestic Indian Terrorism -- India-Pakistan Tensions -- The Kashmir Issue -- Implications for India-Pakistan Relations -- New Delhi's Response -- Islamabad's Response -- Outlook for Bilateral Relations -- Implications for India -- Political Recriminations -- Anti Terrorism Law and Capacity Reform -- Implications for Pakistan -- U.S. Policy -- U.S.-India Relations -- U.S.-Pakistan Relations -- Navy Role in Irregular Warfare and Counterterrorism: -- Background and Issues for Congress( -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background -- Longstanding Navy Activities -- Initiatives Since 2005 -- Current Operations -- FY2010 Funding Request -- Navy Irregular Warfare Office -- Global Maritime Partnership (Previously 1,000-Ship Navy) -- Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) -- Riverine Force -- Global Fleet Stations (GFSs) -- Potential Oversight Issues for Congress -- IW and CT in Future Navy Budgets -- Specific Oversight Questions -- References -- U.S.-China Counterterrorism Cooperation: -- Issues for U.S. Policy( -- Abstract -- Aftermath of the 9/11 Attacks -- Policy Analysis -- Options and Implications for U.S. Policy -- Summits and "Strategic" Ties -- Law-Enforcement Cooperation -- Uighur People in Xinjiang and "Terrorist" Organizations -- Detained Uighurs at Guantanamo -- Olympic Security and Violent Incidents -- Sanctions on Exports of Arms and Security Equipment -- Weapons Nonproliferation -- Port Security -- Military-to-Military Contacts.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) -- PRC-Origin Weapons and Iran -- References -- Operational Environment of Counterinsurgency( -- Section I - Overview -- Insurgency -- Counterinsurgency -- Influences on Current Operational Environments -- Population Explosion -- Urbanization -- Globalization -- Technology -- Religious Fundamentalism -- Resource Demand -- Climate Change and Natural Disasters -- Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Effects -- Section II - Operational and Mission Variables -- Operational Variables -- Political -- Military -- Economic -- Social -- Information -- Infrastructure -- Physical Environment -- Time -- Mission Variables -- Mission -- Enemy -- Terrain and Weather -- Troops and Support available -- Time Available -- Civil Considerations -- Section III - Analysis of Civil Considerations Using Ascope -- Methodology -- Civil Considerations Overlay -- Civil Consideration Matrixes -- Population or Populace -- Insurgent -- Counterinsurgent -- Areas -- Area -- Location -- Population -- Insurgent -- Counterinsurgent -- Structures -- Structure -- Location -- Population -- Insurgent -- Counterinsurgent -- Capabilities -- Capabilities -- Status -- Yellow -- Green -- Population -- Insurgent -- Counterinsurgent -- Organizations -- Organization -- Location -- Population -- Insurgent -- Counterinsurgent -- People (Means of Communication) -- People -- Location -- Population -- Counterinsurgent -- Events -- Event -- Location -- Population -- Insurgent -- Counterinsurgent -- Section IV - Effects -- Prerequisites -- Vulnerable Population -- Leadership Available for Direction -- Lack of Government Control -- Root Causes -- Identity -- Religion -- Occupation or Exploitation -- Economic Failure -- Corruption and Repression -- Section V - Cultural Competence and Situational Awareness -- Culture -- Social Groups.

Norms, Roles, and Statuses -- Interrelated Nature of Culture -- Taxonomy -- Elements of Culture -- History -- Language -- Geography -- Religion -- Communications -- Political Science -- Military Arts and Science -- Sociology -- Cultural Anthropology -- Economics -- Education -- Literature -- Food and Drink -- Psychology -- Law and Criminal Justice -- Science and Technology -- Cultural Variations -- Behaviors -- Values -- Interests -- Cultural Manifestations -- Cultural Capability -- Cross-Cultural Competency -- Regional Competence -- Cultural Proficiency Levels -- Cultural Awareness -- Cultural Understanding -- Cultural Expertise -- Culturally Influenced Situational Awareness -- Assessment -- Summary -- Foundations of Insurgency( -- Section I - Overview -- Components -- Manifestations -- Historical Insurgency -- Section II - Elements -- Leaders -- Guerrillas -- Underground -- Auxiliaries -- Mass Base -- Example -- Section III - Dynamics -- Leadership -- Structure -- Single person -- Single group or party -- Group of groups -- Decentralized -- Centralized -- Identification of Key Leaders -- Objective -- Strategic -- Operational -- Political -- Military -- Economic -- Social -- Tactical -- Political -- Military -- Social -- General Insurgent Goals for Terrorism and Guerrilla Warfare -- Obtaining Popular Support -- Undermining Host Nation Legitimacy -- Lessening Government Control -- Providing Psychological Victories -- Tying up or Blocking Host Nation Government Resources -- Weakening Host Nation Government Resolve -- Intimidating the Population -- Acquiring Supplies and Equipment -- Infiltrating Host Nation Government and Government Forces -- Causing COIN Security Force Overreaction -- Ideology -- Communism -- Religious Extremism -- Narrative -- Environment and Geography -- External Support -- Moral Support -- Political Support -- Resource Support.

Sanctuary Support -- Internal Support -- Popular Support -- Types of Support -- Active Support -- Passive Support -- Recruitment -- Persuasion -- Coercion -- Reaction to Abuses -- Foreign Support -- Apolitical Motivations -- Measurement -- Logistical Support -- Supplies -- Weapons and Ammunition -- Money -- Supply Lines -- Insurgent Bases -- Safe Houses -- Guerrilla Base Camps -- Insurgent Training Camps -- Phasing and Timing -- Phase I-Latent and Incipient -- Phase II-Guerrilla Warfare -- Phase III-War of Movement -- Expanding areas of insurgent control and increasing political activity. -- Organizational and Operational Patterns -- Section IV - Strategies -- Urban Strategy -- Military-Focused Strategy -- Protracted Popular War Strategy -- Identity-Focused Strategy -- Conspiratorial Strategy -- Composite and Coalition Strategy -- Shifts between Strategies and Phases -- Section V - Tactics -- Violent Tactics -- Terrorism -- Guerrilla Tactics -- Principles -- Numerical Superiority -- Conventional Tactics -- Criminal Activity -- Nonviolent Tactics -- Subversion -- Propaganda -- Spreading hostile coverage of COIN personnel, especially counterinsurgent mistakes. -- Section VI - Strengths and Vulnerabilities -- Strengths -- Vulnerabilities -- Summary -- Foundations of Counterinsurgency( -- Section I - OVERVIEW -- Definition of Counterinsurgency -- Goal of Counterinsurgency Operations -- Foreign Internal Defense -- Internal Defense and Development -- Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental, Multinational -- Terms -- Joint -- Interagency -- Intergovernmental -- Multinational -- Command Responsibilities -- US Military Forces -- Multinational Military Forces -- US Governmental Organizations -- Intergovernmental Organizations -- Nongovernmental Organizations -- Indigenous Population and Institutions -- Multinational Corporations and Contractors.

Interagency Coordination in Coin -- Full Spectrum Operations -- Offensive Operations -- Defensive Operations -- Stability Operations -- Lines of Effort in Counterinsurgency -- Section II - Historical Theories -- Robert Thompson's Principles for Successful Coin -- David Galula's Four Laws For Successful Coin -- Charles Callwell's Ideas for Successful Coin -- Section III - Tactical Considerations -- Terrain -- Urban Areas -- Considerations during Counterinsurgencies -- Lines of Effort -- Establish Civil Security -- Establish Civil Control -- Support HN Security Forces -- Support to Governance -- Restore Essential Services -- Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development -- Conduct Information Engagement -- Rural Areas -- Considerations during Counterinsurgencies -- Purpose -- Lines of Effort -- Establish Civil Control -- Support HN Security Forces -- Support to Governance -- Restore Essential Services -- Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development -- Conduct Information Engagement -- Border Areas -- Routes -- Zones -- Restricted Zone -- Friendly Population Buffer Zone -- Lines of Effort -- Establish Civil Security -- Establish Civil Control -- Support HN Security Forces -- Support to Governance -- Restore Essential Services -- Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development -- Conduct Information Engagement -- Troops -- Task Organization -- Troops-to-Task Analysis -- Brigade Combat Teams -- Host Nation Security Forces -- Capabilities -- Section IV - Clear-Hold-Build Operations -- Overview -- Resources -- Objectives -- Clear -- Offensive Operations -- Defensive and Stability Operations -- Lines of Effort -- Establish Civil Security -- Establish Civil Control -- Support HN Security Forces -- Restore Essential Services -- Conduct Information Engagement -- Hold -- Bases -- Securing the Populace -- Lines of Effort -- Establish Civil Security.

Establish Civil Control.

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