A Companion to Applied Philosophy.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Introductory Articles -- Chapter 1 The Nature of Applied Philosophy -- Introduction -- The Relevance Conception -- The Specificity Conception -- The Practical Conception -- The Activist Conception -- The Methodology Conception -- The Empirical Facts Conception -- The Audience Conception -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 The Methodology of Applied Philosophy -- Introduction: What Is Applied Philosophy? -- The Top-Down Model -- Bottom-Up Models -- Thought Experiments -- Expertise -- Concluding Thoughts -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3 The Value of Applied Philosophy -- Differing Views and Different Modes -- Key Considerations and Assumptions -- Dual Points of Reference -- Challenges and Tensions -- How Should Applied Philosophy Be Practically Relevant? -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Part II Epistemology -- Chapter 4 Applied Epistemology -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5 Gender and Feminist Epistemology -- Feminist Philosophy as Activist: Doing Philosophy as a Feminist -- Activist Feminist Epistemology: Changing Focus -- Situated Knowers and Feminist Standpoint Epistemology -- Feminist Epistemologies of Science -- Redefining Objectivity -- Testimonial Injustice, Ignorance, and Attention to Particulars -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6 The Epistemology of Deliberative Democracy -- Introduction -- The Deliberative Conception of Democracy -- Instrumental Arguments for Deliberative Democracy -- Instrumental Arguments against Deliberative Democracy -- Non-instrumental Arguments for Deliberative Democracy -- Non-instrumental Arguments against Deliberative Democracy.

Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 7 Information Markets -- What Are Information Markets? -- Information Markets and Expertise -- Some Problems (and Solutions) -- Information Markets and Applied Social Epistemology: Three Applications -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 8 Epistemology for (Real) People -- Normativity -- Belief Theories and Reasoning Theories -- How to Evaluate Reasoning -- Diagnostic Reasoning -- Consilience and Mongrel Epistemology -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9 Are Conspiracy Theorists Epistemically Vicious? -- Introduction -- Vice, Virtue, and the Intellect -- Conspiracies, Elites, and the Open Society -- On the Vices of Anti-Conspiracism -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10 Experts in the Climate Change Debate -- Introduction -- Expertise: Variations and Equivocations -- Trust (and Its Exploitation) in Climate Debates -- Climate Consensus and Credibility -- Going Forward -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 11 Freedom of Expression, Diversity, and Truth -- Deliberation and Diversity -- Diversity and the Invisible Hand -- Promoting Compliance with the Norms of Deliberation -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Further Reading -- Part III Metaphysics and Philosophy of Language -- Chapter 12 Applied Metaphysics -- Introduction -- Applying Metaphysics within Philosophy -- Case Study I: Applied Ontology -- Case Study II: Social Ontology -- Case Study III: Natural Kinds in Psychiatry and Medicine -- Further Examples -- Conclusions? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 13 Applied Philosophy of Language -- What Are We Studying When We Study Language? -- Philosophy of Language as Applied in Terms of Subject Matter -- The Ontology and Methodology of Natural Language Inquiry.

A Cognitively Real Semantic Theory and the Search for Evidence -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 14 Social Ontology and War -- Introduction -- Armed Forces, Waging War, and Joint Action -- War, Collective Self-Defense, and Collective Moral Responsibility -- Individualism, Collectivism, and the Principles of Necessity, Proportionality, and Discrimination -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 15 The Metaphysics of Gender -- Introduction -- Philosophical Conceptions of Gender -- Essentialism and Anti-Essentialism -- Realism and Nominalism -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 16 The Existence of the Dead -- Being Dead -- Being Alive -- Being Neither Dead Nor Alive -- Resurrection -- Deathless Annihilation -- Annihilationless Death -- Death for Us -- Applied Philosophy -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 17 Freedom of Expression and Derogatory Words -- Introduction -- Direct and Indirect Hate Speech -- Five Models of Hate Speech -- Hate Speech, Non-persuasive Influence, and Harm -- Regulating Vituperative Expression -- Hate Speech and Silencing -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Part IV Ethics -- Chapter 18 Applied Moral Philosophy -- Introduction -- Results and Lessons of Following Reflective Equilibrium Methods: Opposed Views -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 19 Neuroethics and Responsibility -- Introduction -- Neuroethics and the Mental States of Actors -- The Mental State of the Attributor -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 20 Non-ideal Theory -- What Is Non-ideal Theory? -- Varieties of Non-ideal Theory -- The Relationship between Ideal and Non-ideal Theory -- Non-ideal Theory, Realism and Applied Philosophy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading.

Chapter 21 Death: Badness and Prudential Reasons -- Introduction -- The Lucretian Problem -- Psychological Relations -- Maximization of Intrinsic Value -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Further Reading -- Part V Political Philosophy and Philosophy of Law -- Chapter 22 Applied Political and Legal Philosophy -- Introduction -- Standard Activist Approach -- Extreme Activist Approach -- Conceptual Activist Approach -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 23 Legal Human Rights Theory -- Introduction -- From Human Rights Practice to Human Rights Theory: Law as the Missing Link -- The Law in "Political" and "Ethical" Human Rights Theories -- Human Rights Theory qua Legal Theory -- Legal Human Rights Theory as Applied Philosophy -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 24 Collectivism and Reductivism in the Ethics of War -- The Ethics of War as Applied Philosophy -- The Origins of the Just War Tradition -- The Collectivist View -- The Individualist View -- Reductive Individualism: Implications and Objections -- Legitimate Authority -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 25 Freedom of Association -- Introduction -- The Content of Freedom of Association -- The Scope and Value of Freedom of Association -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 26 Neuroethics and Criminal Justice -- Introduction -- Neuroscience and the Criminal Justice System -- Neuroethical Challenges -- Neuroscience and Criminal Justice Ethics -- Neuroscience, Criminal Justice, and Applied Philosophy -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 27 Deliberative Democracy -- Introduction -- The Moral Ideal of Deliberative Democracy -- Cognitive Diversity in Deliberative Democracies -- The Problem of Rational Ignorance -- Inequality in Public Deliberation.

The Problem of Group Polarization -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 28 Tax Ethics: Political and Individual -- Introduction -- The Tax System? -- Tax Justice and Horizontal Equity -- Taxation and Liberty -- Taxpayer Morality -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 29 Benefiting from Wrongdoing -- Introduction -- Benefiting from Wrongdoing as a Problem of Applied Philosophy -- Two Versions of the Principle of Wrongful Benefits -- Limiting the Principle -- The Principle of Wrongful Benefits and Luck Egalitarianism -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 30 Freedom of Religion and Expression -- Freedom of Religion -- Freedom of Expression -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- Part VI Philosophy of Science -- Chapter 31 Applied Philosophy of Social Science: The Case of the Social Construction of Race -- Denying the Biological Reality of Race -- Race as a Social Construction -- Generalist Elements in the Construction of Race -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 32 Social Constructivism in Social Science and Science Wars -- Introduction -- Constructivism and Natural Science -- The Science Wars -- Discourse Analysis: Laclau and Mouffe -- Social Constructivism in Feminist Philosophy -- The Impact of Constructivist Arguments -- Chapter 33 Did Climate Change Cause That? -- Increasing Probability -- The "But-For" Test: Causation as Counterfactual Dependence -- The Fraction of Attributable Risk -- The Butterfly Effect -- Probability Raising and Causal Influence -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Part VII Aesthetics -- Chapter 34 Applied Aesthetics -- On the Very Idea of "Applied Aesthetics" -- The "Top-down" Model of Applied Philosophy in Ethics -- The Disciplinary Substructures of Ethics and Aesthetics Contrasted -- The Disciplinary Substructure of Philosophy of Art.

The Roles of Artistic Practice in Philosophical Thinking about the Arts.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.