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Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease : The Role of Diabetes, Genetics, Hormones, and Lifestyle.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2019Copyright date: ©2019Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (543 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781119356776
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's DiseaseDDC classification:
  • 616.83110654
LOC classification:
  • RC365 .N487 2019
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Current Understanding of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases, and the Potential Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Reducing the Risks of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline -- References -- Chapter 2 Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Alzheimer's Disease -- 2.2.1 Pathology -- 2.2.2 Symptoms -- 2.2.3 Incidence -- 2.2.4 Onset and Risk Factors -- 2.2.5 Treatment -- 2.2.6 Potential for AD Prevention -- 2.3 Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia -- 2.3.1 Neuropathology and Causes -- 2.3.2 Treatment -- 2.3.3 Diagnosis and Clinical Overlap with Other Diseases -- 2.4 Vascular Dementia -- 2.4.1 Symptoms and Diagnosis -- 2.4.2 Causes and Risk Factors -- 2.4.3 Prevention and Treatment -- 2.4.4 Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- 2.4.5 Causes -- 2.4.6 Symptoms -- 2.4.7 Diagnosis of DLB -- 2.4.7.1 Clinical Approach to Dementias -- 2.5 Parkinson's Disease -- 2.5.1 Onset -- 2.5.2 Causes and Risk Factors -- 2.5.3 Incidence -- 2.5.4 Pathology -- 2.5.5 Treatment -- 2.6 Huntington's Disease -- 2.6.1 Genetics of the Disease -- 2.6.2 Incidence and Prevalence -- 2.6.3 Pathology -- 2.6.4 Treatment -- 2.7 Motor Neuron Diseases -- 2.7.1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- 2.7.2 Spinal Muscular Atrophy -- 2.7.3 Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia -- 2.7.4 Onset of MND and Differential Diagnosis -- 2.7.5 Incidence, Causes, and Risk Factors -- 2.7.6 Pathology -- 2.7.7 Treatment -- 2.8 Prion Diseases -- 2.8.1 Causes -- 2.8.2 Symptoms and Diagnosis -- 2.8.3 Treatment -- 2.8.4 Differential Diagnosis of the Various Types of Dementia -- 2.8.5 DLB Treatment -- 2.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Current and Developing Methods for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Classical Post-Mortem Diagnosis -- 3.2.1 Plaques.
3.2.2 Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFT) -- 3.2.3 Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) -- 3.2.4 Glial Responses -- 3.2.5 Brain Shrinkage -- 3.2.6 Loss of Synapses and Neurons -- 3.3 Clinical Diagnosis -- 3.3.1 Initial Assessment/Screening Tools -- 3.3.1.1 Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) -- 3.3.1.2 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) -- 3.3.1.3 Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) -- 3.3.1.4 Clock Drawing -- 3.3.1.5 Seven‐Minute Screen -- 3.3.1.6 Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS‐Cog) -- 3.3.1.7 Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales (PAS) -- 3.3.1.8 Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) -- 3.3.1.9 Mini‐Cog -- 3.3.1.10 Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) -- 3.3.1.11 The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Neuropsychological Battery (nb) and Other Tests -- 3.4 Brain Imaging in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias -- 3.4.1 Imaging Tests in AD Diagnosis: Established Tests -- 3.4.1.1 Computed Tomography (CT) -- 3.4.1.2 Electroencephalography (EEG) -- 3.4.1.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), for the Assessment of Morphological Changes, and the Detection of Stroke -- 3.4.1.4 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) -- 3.4.1.5 FDG‐PET -- 3.4.2 Imaging Tests in AD Diagnosis: More Recently Developed Tests -- 3.4.2.1 MRI for Measuring Regional Blood Flow -- 3.4.2.2 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Scan -- 3.4.2.3 PiB‐PET -- 3.4.3 The Rapidly Evolving Diagnostic Criteria -- 3.4.4 CSF Biomarkers of AD -- 3.4.4.1 A&amp -- rmbeta -- , Tau, and A&amp -- rmbeta -- PP‐Related Biomarkers -- 3.4.4.2 Other Potential CSF Protein Biomarkers -- 3.4.4.3 Potential Lipid Biomarkers in the CSF -- 3.4.5 Blood Biomarkers of AD -- 3.4.5.1 A&amp -- rmbeta -- Peptides in Plasma -- 3.4.5.2 Other Potential Blood Biomarkers -- 3.4.5.3 Blood Proteins -- 3.4.6 Blood Lipids -- 3.4.7 Metabolites -- 3.4.8 Blood Platelets.
3.4.9 Genetic Risk Factors -- 3.4.10 The Eye as a Window to the Brain -- 3.4.11 miRNA Tests -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 The Link Between Diabetes, Glucose Control, and Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Brain -- 4.3 Evidence from Cell Culture, Animal, and Clinical Studies -- 4.3.1 CNS Insulin Signalling and Disruptions in AD -- 4.3.2 The Accumulation of A&amp -- rmbeta -- Is Associated with Impaired Insulin Signalling -- 4.3.3 Insulin Resistance Promotes the Accumulation of A&amp -- rmbeta -- -- 4.3.4 Impairments in Insulin Signalling Can Induce Hyperphosphorylation of Tau -- 4.3.5 Type 2 Diabetes and Neuroinflammation -- 4.3.6 Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in T2D and AD -- 4.3.7 Targeting Type 2 Diabetes to Slow Down Progression/Prevent Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Diet and Nutrition, and their Influence on Alzheimer's Disease and other Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Dietary Patterns -- 5.3 Key Macronutrients -- 5.3.1 Dietary Fatty Acids -- 5.3.2 Cholesterol -- 5.3.3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids -- 5.3.4 Dietary Carbohydrates -- 5.4 Key Micronutrients -- 5.4.1 Water Soluble Vitamins -- 5.4.1.1 B Vitamins -- 5.4.2 Fat Soluble Vitamins -- 5.4.2.1 Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic Acid) -- 5.4.2.2 Vitamin D -- 5.4.2.3 Vitamin E -- 5.4.3 Dietary Minerals -- 5.4.3.1 Selenium -- 5.4.3.2 Manganese -- 5.4.3.3 Zinc, Iron, Copper, and Calcium -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Carbohydrate and Protein Metabolism: Influences on Cognition and Alzheimer's Disease -- 6.1 Carbohydrates -- 6.1.1 Carbohydrate Digestion -- 6.1.2 Glucose Ingestion and Use -- 6.1.3 Glucose and Insulin, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes (Short Summary).
6.1.4 Relative Intake of Carbohydrate and its Impacts on Neurodegenerative Disease Risk -- 6.1.5 Ketogenic Diets -- 6.1.6 Glucose and Its Effects on Cognition -- 6.1.7 Possible Mechanisms Related to Memory Enhancement with Glucose -- 6.1.7.1 Glucose and the Hippocampus -- 6.1.7.2 Glucose Availability in Brain Cells -- 6.1.7.3 Glucose and the Central Cholinergic System -- 6.1.7.4 ATP‐Regulated Potassium (K‐ATP) Channels and Brain Control of Glucose Homeostasis -- 6.1.7.5 Effects of High Fructose Diets -- 6.1.7.6 Sucrose -- 6.2 Proteins -- 6.2.1 Protein Metabolism in General -- 6.2.2 Links Between Specific Amino Acids and Brain Function -- 6.2.2.1 Tryptophan -- 6.2.2.2 Tyrosine -- 6.2.3 Clinical Studies of Protein Supplementation -- 6.2.4 Links Between Loss of Protein Function and Neurodegeneration -- 6.2.5 Clearance Mechanisms Associated with Proteinopathies Involved in Neurodegeneration -- 6.2.6 Role of Protein Crosslinking and Inflammation in Neurodegeneration and AD -- 6.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Fat and Lipid Metabolism and the Involvement of Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Alzheimer's Disease -- 7.3 Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism -- 7.3.1 Cholesterol Synthesis and Metabolism -- 7.3.2 Oxysterols -- 7.3.2.1 Oxysterols in AD -- 7.3.3 Pathways of Dietary (Exogenous) Lipid Homeostasis -- 7.3.4 Pathways of Endogenous Lipid Homeostasis -- 7.3.5 Peripheral Clearance of Lipoproteins and Reverse Cholesterol Transport -- 7.3.5.1 Lipoproteins in the CNS -- 7.4 Apolipoprotein E Alleles and Isoforms -- 7.4.1 ApoE in the Brain -- 7.4.2 Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's Disease -- 7.4.2.1 ApoE Binding to A&amp -- rmbeta -- -- 7.4.2.2 ApoE in the Cellular Clearance of A&amp -- rmbeta -- -- 7.4.2.3 ApoE and Antioxidant Properties -- 7.4.2.4 ApoE and Tissue Transglutaminase.
7.4.2.5 Apolipoprotein J (Clusterin, CLU) -- 7.5 LRP‐1 in the Brain and Its Role in A&amp -- rmbeta -- Clearance -- 7.5.1 LDL, HDL, and AD -- 7.5.2 Statins, Cholesterol, and AD -- 7.6 The Role of Lipid Rafts in Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 7.7 Changes to Glycerophospholipids in Alzheimer's Disease -- 7.7.1 Omega‐3 and Omega‐6 Fatty Acids -- 7.7.1.1 Omega‐3 Fatty Acids, Modern Diets, and Health Implications -- 7.8 Sphingolipids -- 7.8.1 Ceramides -- 7.8.2 Sulfatides -- 7.8.3 Gangliosides -- 7.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease, and Prevention with Antioxidants and Phenolic Compounds - What Are the Most Promising Candidates? -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Inflammation and the Immune Response in AD -- 8.2.1 The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Chronic Inflammation in AD -- 8.3 Oxidative Stress -- 8.3.1 Advanced Glycation End Products -- 8.3.2 Involvement of the Complement System in AD -- 8.3.3 Involvement of Cytokines and Chemokines in Inflammation -- 8.3.4 Inflammation - Susceptibility to A&amp -- rmbeta -- Deposition or Aggregation -- 8.3.5 Inflammation Can Influence A&lt -- ?Undefined ?&gt -- PP Metabolism and A&amp -- rmbeta -- Clearance Directly -- 8.4 Current Medications for AD -- 8.4.1 Current Medications - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine -- 8.5 Disease Modification and Treatment Approaches -- 8.5.1 Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) -- 8.6 Some Anti‐inflammatory Foods, Supplements, and Newly Developed Drugs for the Treatment of AD -- 8.6.1 Cinnamon/Cinnamaldehyde -- 8.6.2 (-)Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate (EGCG) and Other Green Tea Polyphenols -- 8.6.3 Curcumin -- 8.6.4 Other Polyphenolic Antioxidants -- 8.6.5 Omega‐3 (n‐3) Essential Fatty Acids -- 8.6.6 Lipoic Acid -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References.
Chapter 9 Cognitive Impairments in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases.
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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Current Understanding of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases, and the Potential Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Reducing the Risks of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline -- References -- Chapter 2 Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Alzheimer's Disease -- 2.2.1 Pathology -- 2.2.2 Symptoms -- 2.2.3 Incidence -- 2.2.4 Onset and Risk Factors -- 2.2.5 Treatment -- 2.2.6 Potential for AD Prevention -- 2.3 Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia -- 2.3.1 Neuropathology and Causes -- 2.3.2 Treatment -- 2.3.3 Diagnosis and Clinical Overlap with Other Diseases -- 2.4 Vascular Dementia -- 2.4.1 Symptoms and Diagnosis -- 2.4.2 Causes and Risk Factors -- 2.4.3 Prevention and Treatment -- 2.4.4 Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- 2.4.5 Causes -- 2.4.6 Symptoms -- 2.4.7 Diagnosis of DLB -- 2.4.7.1 Clinical Approach to Dementias -- 2.5 Parkinson's Disease -- 2.5.1 Onset -- 2.5.2 Causes and Risk Factors -- 2.5.3 Incidence -- 2.5.4 Pathology -- 2.5.5 Treatment -- 2.6 Huntington's Disease -- 2.6.1 Genetics of the Disease -- 2.6.2 Incidence and Prevalence -- 2.6.3 Pathology -- 2.6.4 Treatment -- 2.7 Motor Neuron Diseases -- 2.7.1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- 2.7.2 Spinal Muscular Atrophy -- 2.7.3 Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia -- 2.7.4 Onset of MND and Differential Diagnosis -- 2.7.5 Incidence, Causes, and Risk Factors -- 2.7.6 Pathology -- 2.7.7 Treatment -- 2.8 Prion Diseases -- 2.8.1 Causes -- 2.8.2 Symptoms and Diagnosis -- 2.8.3 Treatment -- 2.8.4 Differential Diagnosis of the Various Types of Dementia -- 2.8.5 DLB Treatment -- 2.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Current and Developing Methods for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Classical Post-Mortem Diagnosis -- 3.2.1 Plaques.

3.2.2 Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFT) -- 3.2.3 Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) -- 3.2.4 Glial Responses -- 3.2.5 Brain Shrinkage -- 3.2.6 Loss of Synapses and Neurons -- 3.3 Clinical Diagnosis -- 3.3.1 Initial Assessment/Screening Tools -- 3.3.1.1 Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) -- 3.3.1.2 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) -- 3.3.1.3 Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) -- 3.3.1.4 Clock Drawing -- 3.3.1.5 Seven‐Minute Screen -- 3.3.1.6 Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS‐Cog) -- 3.3.1.7 Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales (PAS) -- 3.3.1.8 Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) -- 3.3.1.9 Mini‐Cog -- 3.3.1.10 Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) -- 3.3.1.11 The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Neuropsychological Battery (nb) and Other Tests -- 3.4 Brain Imaging in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias -- 3.4.1 Imaging Tests in AD Diagnosis: Established Tests -- 3.4.1.1 Computed Tomography (CT) -- 3.4.1.2 Electroencephalography (EEG) -- 3.4.1.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), for the Assessment of Morphological Changes, and the Detection of Stroke -- 3.4.1.4 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) -- 3.4.1.5 FDG‐PET -- 3.4.2 Imaging Tests in AD Diagnosis: More Recently Developed Tests -- 3.4.2.1 MRI for Measuring Regional Blood Flow -- 3.4.2.2 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Scan -- 3.4.2.3 PiB‐PET -- 3.4.3 The Rapidly Evolving Diagnostic Criteria -- 3.4.4 CSF Biomarkers of AD -- 3.4.4.1 A&amp -- rmbeta -- , Tau, and A&amp -- rmbeta -- PP‐Related Biomarkers -- 3.4.4.2 Other Potential CSF Protein Biomarkers -- 3.4.4.3 Potential Lipid Biomarkers in the CSF -- 3.4.5 Blood Biomarkers of AD -- 3.4.5.1 A&amp -- rmbeta -- Peptides in Plasma -- 3.4.5.2 Other Potential Blood Biomarkers -- 3.4.5.3 Blood Proteins -- 3.4.6 Blood Lipids -- 3.4.7 Metabolites -- 3.4.8 Blood Platelets.

3.4.9 Genetic Risk Factors -- 3.4.10 The Eye as a Window to the Brain -- 3.4.11 miRNA Tests -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 The Link Between Diabetes, Glucose Control, and Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Brain -- 4.3 Evidence from Cell Culture, Animal, and Clinical Studies -- 4.3.1 CNS Insulin Signalling and Disruptions in AD -- 4.3.2 The Accumulation of A&amp -- rmbeta -- Is Associated with Impaired Insulin Signalling -- 4.3.3 Insulin Resistance Promotes the Accumulation of A&amp -- rmbeta -- -- 4.3.4 Impairments in Insulin Signalling Can Induce Hyperphosphorylation of Tau -- 4.3.5 Type 2 Diabetes and Neuroinflammation -- 4.3.6 Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in T2D and AD -- 4.3.7 Targeting Type 2 Diabetes to Slow Down Progression/Prevent Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Diet and Nutrition, and their Influence on Alzheimer's Disease and other Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Dietary Patterns -- 5.3 Key Macronutrients -- 5.3.1 Dietary Fatty Acids -- 5.3.2 Cholesterol -- 5.3.3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids -- 5.3.4 Dietary Carbohydrates -- 5.4 Key Micronutrients -- 5.4.1 Water Soluble Vitamins -- 5.4.1.1 B Vitamins -- 5.4.2 Fat Soluble Vitamins -- 5.4.2.1 Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic Acid) -- 5.4.2.2 Vitamin D -- 5.4.2.3 Vitamin E -- 5.4.3 Dietary Minerals -- 5.4.3.1 Selenium -- 5.4.3.2 Manganese -- 5.4.3.3 Zinc, Iron, Copper, and Calcium -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Carbohydrate and Protein Metabolism: Influences on Cognition and Alzheimer's Disease -- 6.1 Carbohydrates -- 6.1.1 Carbohydrate Digestion -- 6.1.2 Glucose Ingestion and Use -- 6.1.3 Glucose and Insulin, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes (Short Summary).

6.1.4 Relative Intake of Carbohydrate and its Impacts on Neurodegenerative Disease Risk -- 6.1.5 Ketogenic Diets -- 6.1.6 Glucose and Its Effects on Cognition -- 6.1.7 Possible Mechanisms Related to Memory Enhancement with Glucose -- 6.1.7.1 Glucose and the Hippocampus -- 6.1.7.2 Glucose Availability in Brain Cells -- 6.1.7.3 Glucose and the Central Cholinergic System -- 6.1.7.4 ATP‐Regulated Potassium (K‐ATP) Channels and Brain Control of Glucose Homeostasis -- 6.1.7.5 Effects of High Fructose Diets -- 6.1.7.6 Sucrose -- 6.2 Proteins -- 6.2.1 Protein Metabolism in General -- 6.2.2 Links Between Specific Amino Acids and Brain Function -- 6.2.2.1 Tryptophan -- 6.2.2.2 Tyrosine -- 6.2.3 Clinical Studies of Protein Supplementation -- 6.2.4 Links Between Loss of Protein Function and Neurodegeneration -- 6.2.5 Clearance Mechanisms Associated with Proteinopathies Involved in Neurodegeneration -- 6.2.6 Role of Protein Crosslinking and Inflammation in Neurodegeneration and AD -- 6.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Fat and Lipid Metabolism and the Involvement of Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Alzheimer's Disease -- 7.3 Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism -- 7.3.1 Cholesterol Synthesis and Metabolism -- 7.3.2 Oxysterols -- 7.3.2.1 Oxysterols in AD -- 7.3.3 Pathways of Dietary (Exogenous) Lipid Homeostasis -- 7.3.4 Pathways of Endogenous Lipid Homeostasis -- 7.3.5 Peripheral Clearance of Lipoproteins and Reverse Cholesterol Transport -- 7.3.5.1 Lipoproteins in the CNS -- 7.4 Apolipoprotein E Alleles and Isoforms -- 7.4.1 ApoE in the Brain -- 7.4.2 Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's Disease -- 7.4.2.1 ApoE Binding to A&amp -- rmbeta -- -- 7.4.2.2 ApoE in the Cellular Clearance of A&amp -- rmbeta -- -- 7.4.2.3 ApoE and Antioxidant Properties -- 7.4.2.4 ApoE and Tissue Transglutaminase.

7.4.2.5 Apolipoprotein J (Clusterin, CLU) -- 7.5 LRP‐1 in the Brain and Its Role in A&amp -- rmbeta -- Clearance -- 7.5.1 LDL, HDL, and AD -- 7.5.2 Statins, Cholesterol, and AD -- 7.6 The Role of Lipid Rafts in Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 7.7 Changes to Glycerophospholipids in Alzheimer's Disease -- 7.7.1 Omega‐3 and Omega‐6 Fatty Acids -- 7.7.1.1 Omega‐3 Fatty Acids, Modern Diets, and Health Implications -- 7.8 Sphingolipids -- 7.8.1 Ceramides -- 7.8.2 Sulfatides -- 7.8.3 Gangliosides -- 7.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease, and Prevention with Antioxidants and Phenolic Compounds - What Are the Most Promising Candidates? -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Inflammation and the Immune Response in AD -- 8.2.1 The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Chronic Inflammation in AD -- 8.3 Oxidative Stress -- 8.3.1 Advanced Glycation End Products -- 8.3.2 Involvement of the Complement System in AD -- 8.3.3 Involvement of Cytokines and Chemokines in Inflammation -- 8.3.4 Inflammation - Susceptibility to A&amp -- rmbeta -- Deposition or Aggregation -- 8.3.5 Inflammation Can Influence A&lt -- ?Undefined ?&gt -- PP Metabolism and A&amp -- rmbeta -- Clearance Directly -- 8.4 Current Medications for AD -- 8.4.1 Current Medications - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine -- 8.5 Disease Modification and Treatment Approaches -- 8.5.1 Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) -- 8.6 Some Anti‐inflammatory Foods, Supplements, and Newly Developed Drugs for the Treatment of AD -- 8.6.1 Cinnamon/Cinnamaldehyde -- 8.6.2 (-)Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate (EGCG) and Other Green Tea Polyphenols -- 8.6.3 Curcumin -- 8.6.4 Other Polyphenolic Antioxidants -- 8.6.5 Omega‐3 (n‐3) Essential Fatty Acids -- 8.6.6 Lipoic Acid -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 9 Cognitive Impairments in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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