Mechanics of Earthquake Faulting.

Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Course group shot -- The mechanics of supershear earthquake ruptures -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical problem -- 3. Numerical solutions -- 4. Frequency content -- 5. The penetration of the forbidden zone -- 6. The shear-Mach and the Rayleigh-Mach cones -- 7. The two transition styles: the direct transition and the mother-daughter mechanism -- 8. Different ground motions -- 9. Concluding remarks -- Unusual large earthquakes on oceanic transform faults -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pre-existing zones of weakness on the ocean floor -- 3. Re-activation of old transform faults: earthquakes with conjugate faulting in oceanic environments -- 3.1. The 1989 great Macquarie Ridge earthquake reactivated a dormant conjugate fault -- 3.2. The 1987-1992 and the January 23, 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake sequences -- 3.3. The Mw7.8 18 June 2000 Wharton Basin earthquake: simultaneous rupture of conjugate faults in an oceanic setting -- 3.4. The January 11 and 12, 2012 twin Sumatra earthquake (Mw8.6,8.2) -- 4. A great earthquake on a fossil fracture zone: the 2004 Tasman Sea earthquake -- 4.1. Slip below the Moho during earthquakes -- 5. A great earthquake with the main fault plane normal to regional transform faults: the 1998 Mw8.1 Antarctic plate earthquake -- 6. Conclusions -- The evolution of fault slip rate prior to earthquake: The role of slow- and fast-slip modes -- 1. Wide spectrum of slip rate from fast- to slow-slip -- 1.1. Various types of slow earthquakes -- 1.2. Complexity of slow earthquakes -- 1.3. The early acceleration phase of slow-slip event -- 2. Episodic unlocking of fault prior to large earthquake -- 2.1. Foreshock sequence of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan earthquake -- 2.2. Foreshock sequence of the 2014 Mw 8.2 Iquique, Chile earthquake.

2.3. Triggering of the 2014 Mw 7.3 Papanoa, Mexico earthquake by a slow-slip event -- 2.4. Foreshock sequence of the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto, Japan earthquake -- 3. Discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- The spectrum of fault slip modes from elastodynamic rupture to slow earthquakes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanics of slow slip -- 2.1. Friction laws for slow slip -- 2.2. Laboratory observations of the full spectrum of slip modes from fast to slow -- 2.3. Mechanics of laboratory slow earthquakes -- 3. Earthquake scaling laws for dynamic rupture and slow slip -- 4. Conclusions -- From foreshocks to mainshocks: mechanisms and implications for earthquake nucleation and rupture propagation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Foreshocks and mainshocks -- 2.1. 1934 and 1966 Parkfield, California, USA -- 2.2. 1992 Joshua Tree, California, USA -- 2.3. 1999 Izmit, Turkey -- 2.4. 1999 Hector Mine, California, USA -- 3. Mainshock initial rupture process -- 3.1. 1989 Loma Prieta, California, USA -- 3.2. 2004 Parkfield, California, USA -- 4. Near source observations at SAFOD -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- Experimental statistics and stochastic modeling of stick-slip dynamics in a sheared granular fault -- 1. Motivations -- 1.1. Crackling noise -- 1.2. The point of view of the statistical physics -- 1.3. Critical phenomena -- 1.4. Universality -- 2. Sheared granular matter in laboratory experiments -- 2.1. The laboratory set up -- 2.2. Distribution of dynamical quantities -- 3. A stochastic model for the slider motion -- 3.1. The friction force -- 3.2. Results from the model -- 4. Criticality and its possible breakdown -- 4.1. Where does criticality come from? -- 4.2. The ABBM model -- 4.3. Breakdown of criticality -- 5. Summary and perspectives -- Inversion of earthquake rupture process: Theory and applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory and methods.

2.1. Seismic inversion -- 2.1.1. Inversion with fixed rake -- 2.1.2. Inversion with rake variation -- 2.1.3. Limitations and constraints -- 2.1.4. Equations for the three kinds of inversions -- 2.1.5. An example: The 2009 Mw6.3 L'Aquila, Italy, earthquake -- 2.2. Joint inversion of seismic and geodetic data -- 3. Applications -- 3.1. The Mw7.8 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of 14 November 2001 -- 3.1.1. Tectonic settings -- 3.1.2. Aftershocks -- 3.1.3. Focal mechanism -- 3.1.4. Distribution of static slip -- 3.1.5. Source rupture process -- 3.1.6. Surface ruptures -- 3.2. The Mw7.9 Wenchuan, Sichuan, earthquake of 12 May 2008 -- 3.2.1. Tectonic setting -- 3.2.2. Focal mechanism and aftershocks -- 3.2.3. Distribution of static slip -- 3.2.4. Source rupture process -- 3.3. The Mw6.9 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake of 14 April 2010 -- 3.3.1. Tectonic setting -- 3.3.2. Focal mechanism -- 3.3.3. Distribution of static slip -- 3.3.4. Source rupture process -- 3.4. Applications to the earthquake emergency response -- 4. Summary -- Do plates begin to slip before some large earthquakes? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Izmit earthquake -- 3. Interplate and intraplate earthquakes -- Dynamics and spectral properties of subduction earth-quakes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Observations -- 3. Theory -- 3.1. Near field from a point source in an infinite medium -- 3.2. A simplified model -- 4. The 1 April 2014 Iquique earthquake -- 5. The 24 April 2017 Valparaiso earthquake -- 5.1. Observations of the Valparaiso earthquake -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusions -- Earthquake occurrence, recurrence, and hazard -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Earthquake phenomenology: the state of the art -- 3. Earthquakes according to PSHA -- Assumption 0. A probabilistic model of earthquake occurrence can be derived -- Assumption 1. Seismicity is known -- Assumption 2. Seismicity is time independent.

Assumption 3. Tectonic strain is released by large earthquakes -- Assumption 4. Strain energy is released by Characteristic Earthquakes -- Assumption 5. The impossible assumption: Characteristic Earthquakes occurring at random -- Assumption 6. Exceedance probability and Return Time -- Assumption 7. The sum of ignorance leads to knowledge: the cognitive democracy of logic trees -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- List of participants.

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