Physical Agents : Theory and Practice.

Intro -- Inside Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Reviewers -- Preface For the Third Edition: To the Student -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- Section 1 The Concept ofAdjunctive Therapies1 -- Chapter 1 Evidence-Based Practice With Physical Agents -- Defining Evidence-Based Practice -- Arguments for Using Evidence-Based Practice -- The Five-Step Process for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice -- Sources of Evidence -- Evidence in Action -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 2 Tissue Response to Injury -- Definitions -- Pain Assessment -- Pain Perception -- Pain Theories -- Clinical Versus Experimental Pain -- Pain Management -- Tissue Repair -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 3 Patient Responses to Therapeutic Interventions -- Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention -- Skin (Integument) Assessment -- Pain Assessment -- Edema Assessment -- Soft Tissue Assessment -- Range-of-Motion (ROM) Assessment -- Muscle Strength Assessments -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Appendix: Pain Assessment Tool Kit -- Section 2 Thermal and Mechanical Agents -- Chapter 4 Therapeutic Heat and Cold -- Temperature Regulation -- Physical Mechanisms of Heat Exchange -- Therapeutic Heat -- Methods of Heat Application -- Cryotherapy -- Documentation -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 5 Therapeutic Ultrasound and Phonophoresis -- Physical Principles -- Safety Considerations and Precautions in Applying Ultrasound -- Observation and Documentation of Ultrasound Treatment -- Care of Therapeutic Ultrasound Equipment -- Therapeutic Equipment -- Intensity and Power of Ultrasound -- Principles of Therapeutic Application -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 6 Aquatics and Hydrotherapy -- Whirlpools Versus Aquatic Pools -- Physical Principles and Properties of Water -- Water Temperature -- Aquatic Therapy Equipment.

Therapeutic Aquatic Pools -- Hydrotherapy Techniques -- Patient Safety -- Aquatic Therapy Documentation and Billing -- Hydrotherapy for Wound Care -- Turbines -- Facilitation of Healing -- Clinical Use of Hydrotherapy Techniques -- Hydrotherapy for Wound Care Documentation and Billing -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 7 Soft Tissue Treatment Techniques: Traction -- Principles of Therapeutic Application -- Theory of Application -- Cervical Traction -- Lumbar Traction -- Clinical Uses and Safety Considerations for Traction -- Documentation -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 8 Soft Tissue Management Techniques: Compression and Edema Management -- Pathophysiology of Edema -- Types of Edema -- Management of Edema -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 9 Soft Tissue Management Techniques: Massage -- Defining Soft Tissue Massage -- Historical Perspectives -- Common Approaches Used in Physical Therapy -- Clinical Considerations -- Starting to Palpate -- Effects of Massage -- Indications, Contraindications, and Precautions -- Soft Tissue Massage Techniques -- Documentation and Billing -- Clinical Decision-Making -- Review Questions Summary -- Chapter 10 Electromagnetic Radiation: Diathermy, Ultraviolet, and Laser -- EM Radiation -- Light as a Therapeutic Modality -- Ultraviolet -- Laser -- Therapeutic Uses of Light -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Section 3 Electrical Stimulationfor TherapeuticTreatment Goals -- Chapter 11 Foundations of Electrical Stimulation and Iontophoresis -- Application of Electrical Stimulation -- Therapeutic Treatment Goals -- Characteristics of Electricity -- Characteristics of Current Flow -- Stimulator Outputs -- Current Classification -- Delivery of Electrical Stimulation -- Integumentary System: Our Skin -- Transcutaneous Transport -- Instrumentation and Application of Iontophoresis.

Experimental and Clinical Iontophoresis of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs -- Reported Adverse Responses From Iontophoresis -- Use of Electrical Stimulation -- The Treatment -- Clinical Decision-Making -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 12 Electrodes and Lead Wires: Material and Care -- Types of Electrodes -- Transcutaneous and Percutaneous Electrodes -- Terminology for Configurations of Electrode Setups -- Care of Electrodes -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 13 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation* -- Identifying Appropriate Patients -- Therapeutic Current Characteristics -- General Guidelines for Clinical Applications -- Specific Clinical Applications -- Management of Muscle Guarding and Spasticity -- Safety Considerations -- Patient Education -- Clinical Decision-Making -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 14 Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair -- Cascade of Injury Repair: How Do Wounds Heal? -- Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair: What Are the Findings? -- Does Electrical Stimulation Work? -- Does Polarity Matter? -- Electrode Placement: Which Protocol Is Best? -- Indications -- Contraindications and Precautions -- Adverse Site Responses -- Treatment Considerations -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Chapter 15 Pain Management With Electrical Stimulation -- Physiology Review -- Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Paresthesia -- Endogenous Opiate Liberation -- Other Considerations -- Potential Treatments and How to Achieve Success -- General Principles of Pain Management -- Treatment Methods -- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Home Use -- Documentation -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Appendix: Optimal Stimulation Sites for TENS Electrodes -- Chapter 16 Interferential Current Therapy in Clinical Practice -- Theory Behind Interferential Current Therapy -- Setting the Difference -- Electrode Placement.

The "Third Line" of Current -- Premodulation and Interferential Current Therapy -- Modulation with IFC -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Section 4 Comprehensive Approach to Treatment -- Chapter 17 Integration of Physical Agents: Clinical Decision-Making -- U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -- Evidence-Based Practice -- Therapeutic Treatment Goals: Is a Physical Agent Appropriate? -- Available Treatment Time -- Acuity of the Injury -- Medical Stability of the Patient -- Available Physical Agents -- Integration Principles for Physical Agents: What to Choose? -- What Does the Rest of the Plan of Care Include? -- Putting It All Together: The Decisions and the Evidence -- Documentation -- Summary -- Index.

Written specifically for PTAs!Develop the clinical decision-making skills you need to be a successful PTA. This easy-to-follow approach helps you learn how to successfully relate thermal, mechanical, and electrical modalities with specific therapeutic goals while understanding all of the physiologic ramifications.Drawing from the APTA’s Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, this text will enable you to make the connection between a modality and the appropriate treatment interventions as part of a comprehensive, successful physical therapy treatment program.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.