Adverbs. Functional and diachronic aspects.

Intro -- Adverbs -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- 1. Delimiting the category 'adverb' -- 2. Adverbs and adjectives -- 3. Adverbs and adverbials: Word class and syntactic function -- 4. Adverbs as a prototypical category -- 5. The place of the category 'adverb' among other lexical categories -- 6. Historical perspectives -- 7. Overview of contributions -- 7.1 Categorisation -- 7.2 Morphological structure -- 7.3 Diachronic developments -- 7.4 Positions in syntax -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Adverbs as a linguistic category (?) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What is an adverb? or: How are adverbs identified? -- 2.1 Identification based on definition -- 2.2 Identification not based on definition -- 2.3 Conclusion -- 3. On linguistic categories -- 3.1 Categorization in general -- 3.2 Categorization in linguistics -- 3.3 Results and conclusions -- 4. What kind of category do adverbs form? -- 4.1 Adverbs as a lexical part-of-speech category -- 4.2 Adverbs as syntactic distributional categories -- 5. Results -- References -- Defining Focusing Modifiers in a cross-linguistic perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Focusing Modifiers: Labeling and inventorying the class -- 2.1 Focusing Modifiers: English -- 2.1.1 Labeling the class -- 2.1.2 Inventorying the class -- 2.2 Focusing Modifiers: German -- 2.2.1 Labeling the class -- 2.2.2 Inventorying the class -- 2.3 Focusing Modifiers: French -- 2.3.1 Labeling the class -- 2.3.2 Inventorying the class -- 2.4 Focusing Modifiers: Italian -- 2.4.1 Labeling the class -- 2.4.2 Inventorying the class -- 2.5 Labeling and inventorying the class of FMs: Overview and discussion -- 2.5.1 Cross-linguistic inventories -- 2.5.2 Focusing Modifiers: Class extension -- 3. Focusing Modifiers: Defining criteria -- 3.1 Semantic properties of Focusing Modifiers.

3.1.1 Interaction with a focal expression -- 3.1.2 Focusing Modifiers: Quantification and scalarity -- 3.1.3 Focusing Modifiers: Other semantic subclasses -- 3.1.4 Focusing Modifiers: Towards an operational semantic classification -- 3.2 Syntactic properties of Focusing Modifiers -- 3.2.1 Positional variety of Focusing Modifiers -- 3.2.2 Cross-categoriality of Focusing Modifiers -- 3.2.3 Focusing Modifiers: Overview of main syntactic features -- 4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Dutch adverbial morphology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Dutch adverb-adjective distinction -- 2.1 Dutch adverbs and adjectives: many areas of overlap -- 2.2 Dutch adverbs and adjectives in a scalar approach -- 3. Dutch adverbial morphology: The traditional account -- 3.1 Introducing Dutch adverbial morphology -- 3.2 The inventory of Dutch adverbial suffixes -- 3.3 Adverbial morphology: A classificational problem -- 4. Dutch adverbial morphology: A different account -- 4.1 Investigating Dutch adverbial morphology -- 4.2 Attributive use of output derivatives -- 4.3 A scalar approach to adverbial morphology -- 5. Conclusion and outlook -- References -- Adverbial morphology in German -- 1. Introduction -- 2. On the status of -(er)weise as a word formation device -- 3. -weise/-erweise-formations in German -- 3.1 Data - quantitative analysis -- 3.2 -weise-Formations with nominal bases -- 3.2.1 Deverbal and non-deverbal bases -- 3.2.2 Quantifying determiners -- 3.2.3 Typology &amp -- summary -- 3.3 -erweise-Formations with adjectival bases -- 3.3.1 Restrictions for bases -- 3.3.2 Adjectival and participial bases -- 3.3.3 Typology &amp -- summary -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Data -- Between inflection and derivation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Adverbs and adjectives: One category? -- 2.1 Inflection vs. derivation -- 2.2 Arguments against the inflectional status of -ly.

2.3 Arguments in favour of the inflectional status of -ly -- 3. Historical perspectives -- 3.1 English -- 3.2 German -- 4. Two kinds of adverbial suffixes -- 5. Developments in German: The suffix -(er)weise -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- On the distinction between adverbs and adjectives in Middle High German -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Functional and formal properties of adverbs and adjectives -- 3. Types of modifiers -- 4. Modifiers in the history of German -- 5. Modifiers in Middle High German -- 6. Corpus analysis -- 6.1 The suffix -e -- 6.2 -lich(e) and -ig -- 7. The MHG modifier system -- 8. Conclusion -- Sources of attested examples -- References -- Lexicalization of PPs to adverbs in historic varieties of German -- 1. Defining lexicalization -- 2. How to 'become a word' -- 3. Properties of prepositional relations, properties of adverbs and the lexicalization of PPs to adverbs -- 4. Lexicalization of PPs to adverbs in historic varieties of German. The examples of MHG under wegen and bī namen -- 4.1 under wegen -- 4.2 bī namen -- 5. Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Primary sources -- Secondary sources -- Comparative adverb syntax -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 3. The cartography of the clause -- 3.1 The SVO configuration -- 3.2 The VSO Configuration (in declarative contexts) -- 3.3 The SOV configuration (in scrambling head/V-final languages) -- 3.4 Conclusions (first part) -- 4. P- and K-related positions for objects and adjuncts -- 4.1 DP- and PP-related Kase projections within the SVO chunk -- 4.2 A more detailed look at the fine structure of the clausal Mittelfeld -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Adverbs in unusual places -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The word class 'adverb' -- 2.1 The morphological criteria -- 2.2 Usage-based criteria -- 3. The English data -- 3.1 English data: 'yesterday', 'here', and the like.

3.2 English: The Payne et al. data -- 3.2.1 Post-head position as the only possibility -- 3.2.2 Kinds of semantic usages -- 3.2.3 Dependency on deverbal heads -- 3.2.4 Minimal pairs -- 3.3 Conclusion: The English data -- 4. The German data -- 4.1 'Gestern' and thepronoun analysis -- 4.2 'Hier' and the preposition analysis -- 4.3 German de-adverbal adjectives -- 4.4 German translations for the English minimal pairs -- 4.5 Conclusion: The German data -- 5. Towards a semantic analysis -- 5.1 The post-head position and topic sensitivity -- 5.2 The semantic properties and the adverbial/adverb connection -- 6. Summary -- References -- Appendix -- Example sources -- 6.1 Comparison written/spoken German -- Index.

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