High-Power and Femtosecond Lasers : Properties, Materials and Applications.

Intro -- HIGH-POWER AND FEMTOSECONDLASERS: PROPERTIES, MATERIALS ANDAPPLICATIONS -- LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICSRESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SERIES -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- RECENT PROGRESS OF HIGH PEAK POWER SOLIDSTATE LASERS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. THERMO-OPTIC EFFECTS -- 2. THERMAL FOCAL LENGTH MEASUREMENT -- 3. TRANSVERSE MODES -- 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH POWER SIMULTANEOUSLYQ-SWITCHED AND MODE LOCKED LASERS -- 5. COATING TECHNIQUE AFFECTING THE LASER OUTPUT BEAMQUALITY -- 6. QPM TECHNIQUE AND QUASI PHASE MATCHING NONLINEARCRYSTAL -- 7. THEORY OF PARAMETRIC OSCILLATION (OPO) -- 8. PRACTICAL OPO PERFORMANCE AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT -- APPENDIX -- REFERENCES -- LASER ANNEALING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALSWITH METAL NANOPARTICLES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ION SYNTHESIS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES IN DIELECTRIC MATRIXBY LOW ENERGY ION IMPLANTATION -- INTERACTION OF HIGH-POWER EXIMER LASER PULSES WITHSODA-LIME SILICATE GLASS CONTAINING ION-SYNTHESISEDSILVER NANOPARTICLES -- MULTIPULSE LASER ANNEALING OF SODA-LIME GLASS WITHSILVER NANOPARTICLES -- COMBINED LASER AND THERMAL ANNEALING OF SODA-LIME GLASSWITH SILVER NANOPARTICLES -- LASER ANNEALING OF SIPPHIRE WITH ION-SYNTHESISEDCOPPER NANOPARTICLES -- LASER ANNEALING OF SILICA WITH ION-SYNTHESISEDCOPPER NANOPARTICLES -- REFERENCES -- SINGLE CRYSTAL PHOTO-ELASTIC MODULATORS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. BASICS OF SINGLE CRYSTAL PHOTO-ELASTIC MODULATORS(SCPEM) -- 1.1. Conventional Photo-Elastic Modulators -- 1.2. Definition and Description of a SCPEM -- 1.3. Two Candidates for a SCPEM: LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 -- 2. THEORY OF A SCPEM -- 2.1. Reduction to One Dimension: Y-Excited X-Oscillation -- 2.2. The Effect of an X-Oscillation on Birefringence -- 2.3. Longitudinally Excited Oscillation -- 2.4.Transversally Excited Oscillation -- 2.5. Discussion and Evaluation.

2.6. Comparison with a Pockel's Cell -- 2.7. Electrical Model -- 2.8. Mechanical Model -- 2.9. Acceptance Angle of a SCPEM, 1-Dimensional View -- 2.10. Rotation of the Main Axis of the Index Ellipsoid -- 2.11. Acceptance Angle of a SCPEM, 2-Dimensional View -- 2.12. Useful Aperture of a SCPEM -- 2.13. Description of Spatial Varying Artificial Birefringence -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A SCPEM -- 4. APPLICATIONS OF SCPEMS -- 4.1. Time-Multiplexing of Pulsed Laser Diodes [3, 8, 9, 11] -- 4.1.1. Beam Switching by Harmonic Modulation -- 4.1.2. The Prototype -- 4.2. Q-Switching [5, 6, 14, 29, 37] -- 4.3. Pulse-Picking -- 4.4. Optical Switch for Continuous Wave Operation -- 4.5. Ellipsometry -- 5. APPENDIX -- 5.1. Elasticity and Piezo-Electricity -- 5.2. Acoustical Waves [18] -- 5.3. Electro- and Elasto-Optics -- 5.3.1. General Description of Natural Birefringence -- 5.3.2. Additional Artificial Birefringence -- 5.4. Transmission In Dependence on δ and φ -- 5.5. Material Coefficients for BK7, LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 -- 5.5.1. BK7 21 -- 5.5.2. LiNbO3 [22] (stoichiometric) -- 5.5.3. LiTaO3 [26, 35] -- REFERENCES -- DIFFRACTIVE MICROOPTICS FOR TECHNOLOGICALIR-LASERS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. DIAMOND DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS FOR CO2-LASERS -- 1.1. Set of the Problem -- 1.2. Laser Microprocessing of Diamond Film Surface -- 1.3. Investigation of Diamond Doe Realized by Laser Microstructuring -- 1.4. Investigation of Dry Etching Technology Capabilities -- 1.5. Ion-Chemical Etching of Diamond Films -- 1.6. Analysis of Results -- 2. DEVELOPMENT AND STUDIES OF A METHOD FOR GENERATING ADOE MICRORELIEF IN SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATES -- 3. REALISATION AND INVESTIGATION OF DIFFRACTIVEMICRORELIEF ON THE END FACE OF SILVER-HALIDE WAVEGUIDE -- 4. OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFRACTIVE MICRORELIEF -- 4.1. Different Approaches for Doe Optimization.

4.2. Optimization of the Radially Symmetric Doe Phase Using a GeneticAlgorithm -- 4.3. Results of the Experimental Investigation (4-Level Doe) -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- MICRO- AND NANOSCALE HEAT TRANSFER INFEMTOSECOND LASER PROCESSING OF METALS -- ABSTRACT -- NOMENCLATURE -- Greek Symbols -- Subscripts -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NONEQUILIBRIUM MODELS -- 2.1. Classical Heat Conduction and Its Extension -- Classical Heat Conduction -- Hyperbolic Conduction Model -- Dual-Phase Lag Model -- 2.2. Two-Step Models -- Parabolic Two-Step Model -- Hyperbolic Two-Step Model -- Dual-Parabolic Two-Step Model -- Dual-Hyperbolic Two-Step Model -- 3. SEMICLASSICAL TWO-STEP HEATING MODEL -- 3.1. Model Formulation -- 3.2. Electron Kinetic Pressure -- 3.3. Laser Heat Source in Two-Temperature Models -- 3.4. Numerical Results -- 4. ULTRAFAST MELTING AND RESOLIDIFICATION -- 4.1. Interfacial Tracking Method -- 4.2. Melting and Resolidification of Gold Film Irradiated by Nano- toFemtosecond Lasers -- 4.3. Microparticles -- 5. HOT-ELECTRON BLAST -- 5.1. Origin of the Electron Blast Force -- 5.2. Ultrafast Deformation - Electron Blast -- 5.3. One-Dimensional Example -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- HIGH POWER FEMTOSECOND LASER MACHINING OFMETALS IN AMBIENT MEDIUM -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. LASER-MATERIAL INTERACTION -- 2.1 Metals -- 2.2. Semi Metals and Semi Conductors -- 2.3. Dielectrics -- 3. OPTICAL BEAM PROPAGATION -- 3.1 Modeling and Method -- 3.2. Calculated Intensity Profiles -- 4. SURFACE PROFILE OF METAL-TYPE MATERIALS -- 4.1 Modeling and Method -- 4.2. Surface Profile -- 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- FEMTOLASERS-MEDIATED MULTIPHOTONEXCITATION IMAGING OF BULK OCULAR TISSUES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION.

2. MULTIPHOTON IMAGING SYSTEM INCLUDING TWO MAIN PARTS:A MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPE AND THE FEMTOLASER CHAMELEON -- 3. SUBJECTS AND EXAMINATIONS -- 3.1. Corneal and Scleral Examinations -- 3.2. Retinal Examinations -- 4. CORNEAL MULTIPHOTON IMAGING -- 4.1. Optical Overview of Corneal Architecture with Subcellular ResolutionBased on Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy/Tomography -- 4.1.1. Multiphoton Autofluorescence Tomography of Corneal Epithelial Layers (AtDepths of 10, 25, and 41 Microns, Respectively) -- 4.1.2. Revealing of Stromal Intact Cellular and Collagenous Networks Based onMultiphoton Excitation Imaging -- (i) Selective Displaying of Intratissue Keratocyte Networks in Stroma withIntracellular Spatial Resolution -- (ii) SHG Signal Imaging of Collagen Lamellas in Corneal Stroma -- (iii) Microstructural Co-Localization and Topography of Keratocytes and TheirHosting Collagen Lamellas in Corneal Stroma Based on 2PF and SHG -- 4.1.3. Multiphoton Excitation Detection of Endothelial Cells at a Corneal Depth of 369Microns with Living Animals -- 4.2. Optical Determination of Bowman's Layer with in-Tandem CombinationAssistance of 2PF and SHG Signal imaging -- 4.3. Optical Observations of Nerve Fibres in Cornea -- 5. SCLERAL MULTIPHOTON IMAGING: IN SITU NON-LINEAROPTICAL BIOPSY OF WHOLE-MOUNT SCLERAL TISSUE -- 5.1. Selective Displaying of Fibrocytes Based on 2PF at an ExcitationWavelength of 730 nm -- 5.2. Selective Displaying of Collagen Based on SHG at an ExcitationWavelength of 840 nm -- 5.3. Non-Linear Optical Comparison of Collagen Organisation in Scleral andCorneal Tissues -- 5.4. In Situ Studies of Intratissue Capillary Based on Multiphoton ExcitationImaging -- 5.5. In situ Optical Differentiation of Intrascleral Elastic Fibers fromCollagens Based on Multiphoton Excitation Imaging.

6. RETINAL MULTIPHOTON IMAGING: RETINA CELLULARINTERPRETATION WITH SUBCELLULAR SPATIAL RESOLUTION ANDHIGH SIGNAL-TO-BACKGROUND RATIO -- 7. USE OF MULTIPHOTON EXCITATION IMAGING IN ASSISTING ANDASSESSING INTRASTROMAL SURGERY: MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPYFOR MONITORING INTRATISSUE FEMTOLASER SURGICAL EFFECTS -- 8. MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY OF ACTIVATED CELLS IN STROMAAFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT: APPLICATION OF MULTIPHOTONEXCITATION IMAGING TO DETECTING THE STROMAL CELLACTIVATION DURING WOUND REPAIR AFTER CORNEAL LASERSURGERY -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH IONSINDUCED BY FEMTOSECOND LASER -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DISCUSSION -- 1. UCL Properties of RE Induced By Fs Laser -- 1.1. The UCL Properties of Eu3+ and Eu2+ Under Fs Laser Irradiation -- 1.2. The UCL of Tb3+ Ions Under Fs Laser Irradiation -- 1.3. UCL Properties of Ce3+ Under Fs Laser Irradiation -- 1.4. UCL Properties of Other RE and Transition Metal Ions Under Fs LaserIrradiation -- 2. The Changes of Optical Properties of RE Ions Induced by Fs Laser -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- YTTERBIUM DOPED MATERIALS FOR FEMTOSECONDLASERS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WHY IS YTTERBIUM ION SO INTERESTING? -- a. General Presentation -- b. Origin of the Broad Emission Lines -- 3. REQUIRED PROPERTIES FOR FEMTO-SECOND GENERATIONMATERIAL -- a. Multi Sites Materials -- b. Disordered Materials -- 4. THERMO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- a. Thermal Behaviour Under Pumping -- b. Thermal Resistance Criteria -- 5. INVESTIGATION OF MATERIALS WITH RELEVANT INTEREST -- a. State of the Art -- b. Yb:BOYS/Yb:SYS: Short Pulses But Low Thermal Properties -- c. Yb:YSO/Yb:LSO: Longer Pulses and High Thermo-Mechanical Properties -- d. Yb:CALGO: Short Pulse Duration with High Thermo-MechanicalProperties -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS OF PORPHYRINS IN HIGHEREXCITED STATE.

1. INTRODUCTION.

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