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Cardiac Management of Oncology Patients : Clinical Handbook for Cardio-Oncology.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (264 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9783319158082
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Cardiac Management of Oncology PatientsLOC classification:
  • RC666-701.2
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Who Is This Book Suitable For? -- 1.2 Why a Book on Cardio-oncology? -- 1.3 The "Sliding Doors" Concept -- 1.4 Brief Historic Data on Chemotherapy -- 1.4.1 The Beginning -- 1.4.2 Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives -- 1.4.3 Antifolates -- 1.4.4 Vinca Alkaloids -- 1.4.5 Cisplatin -- 1.4.6 Anthracyclines -- 1.4.7 Taxanes -- 1.4.8 Hormones -- 1.4.9 Present Days -- 1.4.10 Combination Therapy -- 1.4.11 Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy -- 1.4.12 Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation -- 1.4.13 Supportive Care During Chemotherapy -- 1.4.14 Target Therapy -- 1.4.15 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors -- 1.4.16 Monoclonal Antibodies -- 1.5 Epidemiologic Data: The Numbers of the  Cardio-­Oncologic Problem -- 1.5.1 Worldwide Cancer Incidence [10, 11] -- 1.5.1.1 United States Data [11] -- 1.5.1.2 European Data [12] -- 1.5.2 Childhood Cancer Survivors -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Physiopathology and Toxic Heart Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs -- 2.1 General Principles -- 2.2 Not Only Heart Failure -- 2.3 Type I Agents -- 2.3.1 Anthracyclines -- 2.3.1.1 Introduction -- 2.3.1.2 Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Anthracyclines -- 2.3.1.3 Cardiac Morphology and Histopathological Modifications in Anthracycline Toxicity -- 2.3.1.4 Mechanism of Anthracycline Toxicity -- 2.3.1.5 Clinical Expressions of Anthracycline Toxicity -- 2.3.1.6 Diagnosis of Anthracycline Toxicity -- 2.3.1.7 Assessment of Left Ventricular Function -- 2.3.1.8 Prevention of Anthracycline Cardiac Toxicity [30-32, 50] -- 2.3.1.9 Prevention Strategy of Anthracycline Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.1.10 Treatment and Management -- 2.3.1.11 Mitoxantrone -- 2.3.2 Fluoropyrimidines (5-FU and Capecitabine) -- 2.3.2.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2.2 Epidemiology of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity.
2.3.2.3 Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Fluoropyrimidines -- 2.3.2.4 Cardiac Morphology and Histopathological Modifications in Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity -- 2.3.2.5 Mechanism of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity -- 2.3.2.6 Clinical Expressions of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity -- 2.3.2.7 Diagnosis of Fluoropyrimidine Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.2.8 Prevention and Prevention Strategy of Fluoropyrimidine Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.2.9 Treatment and Management of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity -- 2.3.3 Alkylating Agents [59] -- 2.3.3.1 Cyclophosphamide and Nitrogen Mustards -- 2.3.3.2 Aziridines and Epoxides -- 2.3.3.3 Alkyl Sulfonates -- 2.3.3.4 Nitrosoureas -- 2.3.3.5 Triazenes, Hydrazines, and Related Compounds -- 2.3.3.6 Hexamethylmelamine -- 2.3.3.7 Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents -- 2.3.3.8 Cardiac Morphology and Histopathological Modifications in Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Toxicity -- 2.3.3.9 Mechanism of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Toxicity -- 2.3.3.10 Clinical Expressions of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Toxicity -- 2.3.3.11 Diagnosis of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Toxicity -- 2.3.3.12 Prevention of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.3.13 Treatment and Management of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.4 Platinum Compounds -- 2.3.4.1 Mechanism of Toxicity -- 2.3.4.2 Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Platinum Compounds -- 2.3.4.3 Clinical Expressions of Platinum Compound Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.4.4 Prevention of Platinum Compound Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.4.5 Treatment and Management Platinum Compound Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.5 Anti-microtubule Agents -- 2.3.5.1 Taxanes -- 2.3.5.2 Paclitaxel -- Introduction.
Mechanism of Paclitaxel Toxicity -- Clinical Expressions of Paclitaxel Toxicity -- Prevention of Paclitaxel Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.5.3 Docetaxel -- Introduction -- Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Docetaxel -- 2.3.5.4 Vinca Alkaloids -- Vinblastine -- Vincristine -- Clinical Expressions of Vinca Alkaloid Toxicity -- Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Vinca Alkaloids -- 2.4 Type II Agents -- 2.4.1 Biological Agents -- 2.4.1.1 Monoclonal Antibodies -- Mechanism of Monoclonal Antibody Toxicity -- Cardiac Morphology and Histopathological Modifications in Cardiac Toxicity of Monoclonal Antibodies -- Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Monoclonal Antibodies -- Clinical Expressions of Monoclonal Antibody Toxicity -- Alemtuzumab -- Bevacizumab -- Trastuzumab -- Pertuzumab -- Rituximab -- Cetuximab -- Sorafenib and Sunitinib -- Imatinib -- Lapatinib -- Treatment Management and Prevention of Monoclonal Antibody Toxicity -- 2.4.1.2 Cytokines -- Interleukins -- Interferons -- 2.4.1.3 Miscellaneous Agents -- All-Trans Retinoic Acid -- Arsenic Trioxide -- Pentostatin -- Thalidomide -- Etoposide -- Homoharringtonine -- 2.4.1.4 Endocrine Agents -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Radiotherapy Heart Effects -- 3.1 Introduction [1, 2] -- 3.2 Risk Factors and Dose Relationship for Cardiac Toxicity Due to Radiotherapy -- 3.3 Pathophysiologic Mechanisms, Cardiac Morphology, and Histopathological Modifications of Cardiac Toxicity Due to Radiotherapy -- 3.3.1 Myocardium -- 3.3.2 Pericardium -- 3.3.3 Valves -- 3.3.4 Coronary Arteries -- 3.3.5 Cerebrovascular Disease -- 3.3.6 Carotid Artery Disease -- 3.4 Clinical Expressions of Radiotherapy Cardiac Toxicity -- 3.5 Treatment of Radiotherapy-Related Heart Complications [1, 2] -- 3.6 Follow-Up for Cardiac Toxicity Due  to Radiotherapy [1, 2].
3.7 Prevention and Prevention Strategy of Cardiac Toxicity Due to Radiotherapy [1] -- 3.7.1 Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) -- 3.7.2 Intensity-Modulated RT (IMRT) -- 3.7.3 IGRT -- 3.7.4 Four-Dimensional RT -- 3.7.5 Adaptive Therapy -- 3.7.6 Stereotactic RT -- 3.7.7 Tomotherapy and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy -- 3.7.8 Electron Beam Radiation Therapy -- 3.7.9 Proton and Charged Particle Therapy -- 3.7.10 Brachytherapy -- 3.7.11 Thoracic RT -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Cardiac Imaging Technology in Cardio-oncology -- 4.1 Echocardiography -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 Systolic Function -- 4.1.3 Contrast Echo -- 4.1.4 3D Echo -- 4.1.5 Diastolic Dysfunction -- 4.1.6 Strain -- 4.1.7 Stress Echocardiography and Cardiotoxicity -- 4.1.8 Conclusion -- 4.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Ventricular Function/Volumes and Mass -- 4.2.3 Strain Imaging -- 4.2.4 T2 in Cardiotoxicity -- 4.2.5 Late Gadolinium Enhancement -- 4.2.6 T1 Mapping -- 4.2.7 Cardiac and Pericardial Metastases -- 4.2.8 Conclusion -- 4.2.8.1 CMR: One-Stop Strategy -- 4.2.8.2 CMR Is a Radiation-Free Method -- 4.3 Radionuclide Imaging -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Multiple-Gated Cardiac Blood Pool Imaging (MUGA) -- 4.3.3 Ionizing Radiation -- 4.3.4 Gated Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) -- 4.3.5 SPECT Versus MUGA -- 4.3.6 PET -- 4.3.7 Targeted Cardiac Imaging -- 4.3.8 123I-Labeled MIBG Scintigraphy -- 4.3.9 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Evaluation of the Oncologic Patient Before, During, and After Chemotherapy -- 5.1 Is the Patient a Good Candidate for Chemotherapy/Radiotherapy? -- 5.2 What Do I Have to Do Before the Beginning of the Therapy? -- 5.2.1 Anthracyclines -- 5.2.2 HER2 Inhibitors -- 5.2.3 Fluoropyrimidines -- 5.2.4 VEGF Inhibitors -- 5.2.5 Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Cisplatin, Vorinostat, and TKI Inhibitors.
5.3 When Symptoms Develop -- 5.3.1 Dyspnea -- 5.3.2 Palpitations -- 5.3.3 Chest Pain -- 5.3.4 Edema -- 5.3.5 Weakness -- 5.3.6 Thromboembolism -- 5.4 Is There a Role for Biological Markers? -- 5.4.1 Troponin -- 5.4.2 Natriuretic Peptides -- 5.4.2.1 Baseline and Monitoring (Each Cycle) -- 5.5 How and When Possible Toxicity Must Be Evaluated? -- 5.5.1 QT Prolongation -- 5.5.2 Radiotherapy -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Specific Clinic Problems in Cancer Therapy Cardiac Toxicity Complications -- 6.1 Acute Cardiotoxicity -- 6.1.1 Symptoms -- 6.1.2 Signs -- 6.1.3 Clinic -- 6.1.4 Anthracycline -- 6.1.5 Fluoropyrimidines -- 6.1.6 Alkylating Agents -- 6.1.7 Platinum Compounds -- 6.1.8 Antimicrotubule Agents -- 6.1.9 Perspectives in Cardioprotection from Acute Cardiotoxicity -- 6.1.10 Treatment -- 6.2 Chronic Cardiotoxicity -- 6.2.1 Causes of Late Cardiovascular Effects in Cancer Survivors -- 6.2.2 Myocardial Dysfunction -- 6.2.3 Structural Diseases -- 6.2.3.1 Valve Degeneration -- 6.2.3.2 Pericardial Disease -- 6.2.3.3 Arrhythmias -- 6.2.4 Vascular Diseases -- 6.2.4.1 Arterial Hypertension -- 6.2.4.2 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis -- 6.3 Systolic Dysfunction -- 6.4 Hypertension: How to Evaluate, How to Prevent, and How to Treat -- 6.4.1 Prevention -- 6.4.2 Patient Management (Fig. 6.9) -- 6.4.3 Cancer Drugs and Hypertension -- 6.4.4 Diagnosis -- 6.4.5 Treatment -- 6.4.5.1 Nonpharmacological Approach -- 6.4.5.2 Drug Treatment -- 6.5 Coronary Disease and Thromboembolic Problems -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Oncologic Therapy as a Cause for Ischemic Heart Disease or Thromboembolic Complications -- 6.5.3 Radiotherapy and Ischemic Heart Disease -- 6.5.4 Chemotherapy and Ischemic Heart Disease -- 6.5.4.1 Coronary Vasospasm -- 6.5.5 Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease -- 6.5.6 Acute Ischemic Heart Disease -- 6.5.7 Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease.
6.5.8 Treatment for Acute Coronary Syndromes That Unravels Oncological Conditions.
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Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Who Is This Book Suitable For? -- 1.2 Why a Book on Cardio-oncology? -- 1.3 The "Sliding Doors" Concept -- 1.4 Brief Historic Data on Chemotherapy -- 1.4.1 The Beginning -- 1.4.2 Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives -- 1.4.3 Antifolates -- 1.4.4 Vinca Alkaloids -- 1.4.5 Cisplatin -- 1.4.6 Anthracyclines -- 1.4.7 Taxanes -- 1.4.8 Hormones -- 1.4.9 Present Days -- 1.4.10 Combination Therapy -- 1.4.11 Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy -- 1.4.12 Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation -- 1.4.13 Supportive Care During Chemotherapy -- 1.4.14 Target Therapy -- 1.4.15 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors -- 1.4.16 Monoclonal Antibodies -- 1.5 Epidemiologic Data: The Numbers of the  Cardio-­Oncologic Problem -- 1.5.1 Worldwide Cancer Incidence [10, 11] -- 1.5.1.1 United States Data [11] -- 1.5.1.2 European Data [12] -- 1.5.2 Childhood Cancer Survivors -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Physiopathology and Toxic Heart Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs -- 2.1 General Principles -- 2.2 Not Only Heart Failure -- 2.3 Type I Agents -- 2.3.1 Anthracyclines -- 2.3.1.1 Introduction -- 2.3.1.2 Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Anthracyclines -- 2.3.1.3 Cardiac Morphology and Histopathological Modifications in Anthracycline Toxicity -- 2.3.1.4 Mechanism of Anthracycline Toxicity -- 2.3.1.5 Clinical Expressions of Anthracycline Toxicity -- 2.3.1.6 Diagnosis of Anthracycline Toxicity -- 2.3.1.7 Assessment of Left Ventricular Function -- 2.3.1.8 Prevention of Anthracycline Cardiac Toxicity [30-32, 50] -- 2.3.1.9 Prevention Strategy of Anthracycline Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.1.10 Treatment and Management -- 2.3.1.11 Mitoxantrone -- 2.3.2 Fluoropyrimidines (5-FU and Capecitabine) -- 2.3.2.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2.2 Epidemiology of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity.

2.3.2.3 Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Fluoropyrimidines -- 2.3.2.4 Cardiac Morphology and Histopathological Modifications in Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity -- 2.3.2.5 Mechanism of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity -- 2.3.2.6 Clinical Expressions of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity -- 2.3.2.7 Diagnosis of Fluoropyrimidine Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.2.8 Prevention and Prevention Strategy of Fluoropyrimidine Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.2.9 Treatment and Management of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity -- 2.3.3 Alkylating Agents [59] -- 2.3.3.1 Cyclophosphamide and Nitrogen Mustards -- 2.3.3.2 Aziridines and Epoxides -- 2.3.3.3 Alkyl Sulfonates -- 2.3.3.4 Nitrosoureas -- 2.3.3.5 Triazenes, Hydrazines, and Related Compounds -- 2.3.3.6 Hexamethylmelamine -- 2.3.3.7 Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents -- 2.3.3.8 Cardiac Morphology and Histopathological Modifications in Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Toxicity -- 2.3.3.9 Mechanism of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Toxicity -- 2.3.3.10 Clinical Expressions of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Toxicity -- 2.3.3.11 Diagnosis of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Toxicity -- 2.3.3.12 Prevention of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.3.13 Treatment and Management of Cyclophosphamide and Other Alkylating Agents' Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.4 Platinum Compounds -- 2.3.4.1 Mechanism of Toxicity -- 2.3.4.2 Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Platinum Compounds -- 2.3.4.3 Clinical Expressions of Platinum Compound Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.4.4 Prevention of Platinum Compound Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.4.5 Treatment and Management Platinum Compound Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.5 Anti-microtubule Agents -- 2.3.5.1 Taxanes -- 2.3.5.2 Paclitaxel -- Introduction.

Mechanism of Paclitaxel Toxicity -- Clinical Expressions of Paclitaxel Toxicity -- Prevention of Paclitaxel Cardiac Toxicity -- 2.3.5.3 Docetaxel -- Introduction -- Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Docetaxel -- 2.3.5.4 Vinca Alkaloids -- Vinblastine -- Vincristine -- Clinical Expressions of Vinca Alkaloid Toxicity -- Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Vinca Alkaloids -- 2.4 Type II Agents -- 2.4.1 Biological Agents -- 2.4.1.1 Monoclonal Antibodies -- Mechanism of Monoclonal Antibody Toxicity -- Cardiac Morphology and Histopathological Modifications in Cardiac Toxicity of Monoclonal Antibodies -- Dose Relationship and Risk Factors for Cardiac Toxicity of Monoclonal Antibodies -- Clinical Expressions of Monoclonal Antibody Toxicity -- Alemtuzumab -- Bevacizumab -- Trastuzumab -- Pertuzumab -- Rituximab -- Cetuximab -- Sorafenib and Sunitinib -- Imatinib -- Lapatinib -- Treatment Management and Prevention of Monoclonal Antibody Toxicity -- 2.4.1.2 Cytokines -- Interleukins -- Interferons -- 2.4.1.3 Miscellaneous Agents -- All-Trans Retinoic Acid -- Arsenic Trioxide -- Pentostatin -- Thalidomide -- Etoposide -- Homoharringtonine -- 2.4.1.4 Endocrine Agents -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Radiotherapy Heart Effects -- 3.1 Introduction [1, 2] -- 3.2 Risk Factors and Dose Relationship for Cardiac Toxicity Due to Radiotherapy -- 3.3 Pathophysiologic Mechanisms, Cardiac Morphology, and Histopathological Modifications of Cardiac Toxicity Due to Radiotherapy -- 3.3.1 Myocardium -- 3.3.2 Pericardium -- 3.3.3 Valves -- 3.3.4 Coronary Arteries -- 3.3.5 Cerebrovascular Disease -- 3.3.6 Carotid Artery Disease -- 3.4 Clinical Expressions of Radiotherapy Cardiac Toxicity -- 3.5 Treatment of Radiotherapy-Related Heart Complications [1, 2] -- 3.6 Follow-Up for Cardiac Toxicity Due  to Radiotherapy [1, 2].

3.7 Prevention and Prevention Strategy of Cardiac Toxicity Due to Radiotherapy [1] -- 3.7.1 Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) -- 3.7.2 Intensity-Modulated RT (IMRT) -- 3.7.3 IGRT -- 3.7.4 Four-Dimensional RT -- 3.7.5 Adaptive Therapy -- 3.7.6 Stereotactic RT -- 3.7.7 Tomotherapy and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy -- 3.7.8 Electron Beam Radiation Therapy -- 3.7.9 Proton and Charged Particle Therapy -- 3.7.10 Brachytherapy -- 3.7.11 Thoracic RT -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Cardiac Imaging Technology in Cardio-oncology -- 4.1 Echocardiography -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 Systolic Function -- 4.1.3 Contrast Echo -- 4.1.4 3D Echo -- 4.1.5 Diastolic Dysfunction -- 4.1.6 Strain -- 4.1.7 Stress Echocardiography and Cardiotoxicity -- 4.1.8 Conclusion -- 4.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Ventricular Function/Volumes and Mass -- 4.2.3 Strain Imaging -- 4.2.4 T2 in Cardiotoxicity -- 4.2.5 Late Gadolinium Enhancement -- 4.2.6 T1 Mapping -- 4.2.7 Cardiac and Pericardial Metastases -- 4.2.8 Conclusion -- 4.2.8.1 CMR: One-Stop Strategy -- 4.2.8.2 CMR Is a Radiation-Free Method -- 4.3 Radionuclide Imaging -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Multiple-Gated Cardiac Blood Pool Imaging (MUGA) -- 4.3.3 Ionizing Radiation -- 4.3.4 Gated Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) -- 4.3.5 SPECT Versus MUGA -- 4.3.6 PET -- 4.3.7 Targeted Cardiac Imaging -- 4.3.8 123I-Labeled MIBG Scintigraphy -- 4.3.9 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Evaluation of the Oncologic Patient Before, During, and After Chemotherapy -- 5.1 Is the Patient a Good Candidate for Chemotherapy/Radiotherapy? -- 5.2 What Do I Have to Do Before the Beginning of the Therapy? -- 5.2.1 Anthracyclines -- 5.2.2 HER2 Inhibitors -- 5.2.3 Fluoropyrimidines -- 5.2.4 VEGF Inhibitors -- 5.2.5 Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Cisplatin, Vorinostat, and TKI Inhibitors.

5.3 When Symptoms Develop -- 5.3.1 Dyspnea -- 5.3.2 Palpitations -- 5.3.3 Chest Pain -- 5.3.4 Edema -- 5.3.5 Weakness -- 5.3.6 Thromboembolism -- 5.4 Is There a Role for Biological Markers? -- 5.4.1 Troponin -- 5.4.2 Natriuretic Peptides -- 5.4.2.1 Baseline and Monitoring (Each Cycle) -- 5.5 How and When Possible Toxicity Must Be Evaluated? -- 5.5.1 QT Prolongation -- 5.5.2 Radiotherapy -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Specific Clinic Problems in Cancer Therapy Cardiac Toxicity Complications -- 6.1 Acute Cardiotoxicity -- 6.1.1 Symptoms -- 6.1.2 Signs -- 6.1.3 Clinic -- 6.1.4 Anthracycline -- 6.1.5 Fluoropyrimidines -- 6.1.6 Alkylating Agents -- 6.1.7 Platinum Compounds -- 6.1.8 Antimicrotubule Agents -- 6.1.9 Perspectives in Cardioprotection from Acute Cardiotoxicity -- 6.1.10 Treatment -- 6.2 Chronic Cardiotoxicity -- 6.2.1 Causes of Late Cardiovascular Effects in Cancer Survivors -- 6.2.2 Myocardial Dysfunction -- 6.2.3 Structural Diseases -- 6.2.3.1 Valve Degeneration -- 6.2.3.2 Pericardial Disease -- 6.2.3.3 Arrhythmias -- 6.2.4 Vascular Diseases -- 6.2.4.1 Arterial Hypertension -- 6.2.4.2 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis -- 6.3 Systolic Dysfunction -- 6.4 Hypertension: How to Evaluate, How to Prevent, and How to Treat -- 6.4.1 Prevention -- 6.4.2 Patient Management (Fig. 6.9) -- 6.4.3 Cancer Drugs and Hypertension -- 6.4.4 Diagnosis -- 6.4.5 Treatment -- 6.4.5.1 Nonpharmacological Approach -- 6.4.5.2 Drug Treatment -- 6.5 Coronary Disease and Thromboembolic Problems -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Oncologic Therapy as a Cause for Ischemic Heart Disease or Thromboembolic Complications -- 6.5.3 Radiotherapy and Ischemic Heart Disease -- 6.5.4 Chemotherapy and Ischemic Heart Disease -- 6.5.4.1 Coronary Vasospasm -- 6.5.5 Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease -- 6.5.6 Acute Ischemic Heart Disease -- 6.5.7 Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease.

6.5.8 Treatment for Acute Coronary Syndromes That Unravels Oncological Conditions.

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