Renewable Energy Technologies and Resources.

Renewable Energy Technologies and Resources -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Learning Outcomes -- 1.2 Overview -- 1.3 Introduction -- 1.4 Energy, Work, and Power -- 1.5 Basic Forms of Energy -- 1.5.1 Kinetic Energy -- 1.5.2 Gravitational Energy -- 1.5.3 Electrical Energy -- 1.5.4 Nuclear Energy -- 1.6 Capacity Factor and Efficiency -- 1.7 Current Use of Energy -- 1.8 Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Effect -- 1.9 Renewable Energy Sources -- 1.9.1 Solar Energy -- 1.9.2 Hydropower -- 1.9.3 Wind Power -- 1.9.4 Wave Power -- 1.9.5 Biomass -- 1.9.6 Tidal Energy -- 1.9.7 Geothermal -- 1.10 Summary -- 1.11 Problems -- References -- 2 Photovoltaics: Background Material -- 2.1 Learning Outcomes -- 2.2 Overview -- 2.3 Introduction -- 2.4 Coulomb's Law -- 2.5 Static Electric Field -- 2.6 Static Electric Potential -- 2.7 The Concept of Static Potential Barrier -- 2.8 Intrinsic Semiconductors -- 2.9 Holes and Electrons as Charge Carriers -- 2.10 Extrinsic Semiconductors -- 2.11 Pn-Junction Diode -- 2.11.1 Pn-Junction under Reverse-Bias Condition -- 2.11.2 Pn-Junction under Forward-Bias Condition -- 2.12 Semiconductor Diode as a Circuit Element -- 2.13 Solving Diode Circuit Problems -- 2.13.1 Load-Line Method -- 2.13.2 Trial and Error Method -- 2.14 Large Signal Diode Models -- 2.14.1 The Ideal Diode Model -- 2.14.2 The Battery Plus Ideal Diode Model -- 2.14.3 The Battery Plus Resistance Plus Ideal Diode Model -- 2.15 Problems -- References -- 3 Photovoltaics: Characteristics and Circuit Modeling of the PV Cell -- 3.1 Learning Outcomes -- 3.2 Overview -- 3.3 Introduction -- 3.4 Electromagnetic Energy -- 3.5 Spectral Irradiance, Insolation, and Radiation -- 3.6 The Photovoltaic Effect -- 3.7 Photovoltaic Materials -- 3.8 The Bandgap Energy Theory -- 3.9 Energy from the Sun and its Spectrum -- 3.10 Theoretical Maximum Efficiency of PV Cells.

3.11 Operation of a Generic PV Cell -- 3.12 Terminal Characteristic of a PV Cell -- 3.13 Standard Test Conditions -- 3.14 Equivalent Circuit Models of a PV Cell -- 3.14.1 Ideal Model -- 3.14.2 Ideal Model Plus Parallel Resistance Model -- 3.14.3 Ideal Model Plus a Series Resistance -- 3.14.4 Ideal Model Plus Parallel Resistance Plus Series Resistance -- 3.15 Summary -- 3.16 Chapter Problems -- References -- 4 Photovoltaics: PV Arrays Operation and Characteristics -- 4.1 Learning Outcomes -- 4.2 Overview -- 4.3 Introduction -- 4.4 Photovoltaic Arrays -- 4.5 Fill Factor and Efficiency -- 4.6 Effects of Temperature and Insolation on the I-V and P-V Characteristics -- 4.7 Effects of Partial Shading on the I-V and P-V Characteristics and Bypass Diodes -- 4.8 Blocking Diode -- 4.9 Summary -- 4.10 Problems -- References -- 5 Photovoltaics: PV Generating Systems -- 5.1 Learning Outcomes -- 5.2 Overview -- 5.3 Introduction -- 5.4 Stand-alone Photovoltaic Generating Systems -- 5.4.1 Directly Coupled PV system -- 5.4.2 Directly Coupled PV System with Battery -- 5.4.3 Hybrid System -- 5.5 Grid-Connected Systems -- 5.5.1 DC-AC Inverters -- 5.5.2 Standards for Grid-Inverters -- 5.5.3 DC-DC Converters -- 5.6 Operation of a PV Generator with Different Types of Loads -- 5.6.1 Load Curve for a Purely Resistive Load -- 5.6.2 Load Curve for a DC Motor -- 5.6.3 Load Curve for a Battery -- 5.7 Maximum Power Point Trackers -- 5.8 Batteries and Energy Storage -- 5.9 Effect of Blocking Diodes -- 5.10 Summary -- 5.11 Problems -- References -- 6 Hydroelectricity -- 6.1 Learning Outcomes -- 6.2 Overview -- 6.3 Introduction -- 6.4 Essential Elements of a Hydroelectric Power Plant -- 6.5 Classifications of Hydroelectric Plants by Rated Capacity -- 6.6 Classification of Hydropower Plants by Effective Head of Water -- 6.7 Calculation of Hydropower -- 6.8 Pelton Turbine.

6.8.1 Governing the Pelton Turbine -- 6.8.2 Input Power -- 6.9 Kaplan Turbine -- 6.10 Francis Turbine -- 6.11 Tubular Turbine -- 6.12 Load Curve -- 6.13 Pumped Storage -- 6.14 Hydro as an Element in a Power System -- 6.15 Resource -- 6.16 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower -- 6.17 Summary -- 6.18 Problems -- References -- 7 Tidal Energy -- 7.1 Learning Outcomes -- 7.2 Overview -- 7.3 Introduction -- 7.4 The Nature of Tidal Energy -- 7.5 Tidal Barrage Power Generation -- 7.5.1 Single-Basin Ebb Generation -- 7.5.2 Single-Basin Flood Generation -- 7.5.3 Single-Basin Two-Way Generation -- 7.5.4 Double-Basin Scheme -- 7.6 Power Generation Profile -- 7.7 Tidal Lagoon Energy Harnessing -- 7.8 Tidal Stream Schemes -- 7.9 Calculations of Power Output of a Tidal Barrage -- 7.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tidal Power -- 7.11 Summary -- 7.12 Problems -- References -- 8 Wind Energy -- 8.1 Learning Outcomes -- 8.2 Overview -- 8.3 Introduction -- 8.4 Turbine Blades -- 8.5 Types of Wind Turbines -- 8.6 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines -- 8.7 Vertical Axis Wind Turbines -- 8.8 Power in the Wind -- 8.8.1 Effect of the Number of Blades -- 8.8.2 Maximum Theoretical Efficiency of Wind Turbines -- 8.9 Electrical Power and Energy from Wind Turbines -- 8.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy -- 8.11 Wind Turbine Generators -- 8.12 Summary -- 8.13 Problems -- References -- 9 Bioenergy -- 9.1 Learning Outcomes -- 9.2 Overview -- 9.3 Introduction -- 9.4 Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source -- 9.5 Biomass as a Solar Energy Source -- 9.6 Biomass as a Fuel -- 9.7 Primary Biomass Energy Sources -- 9.7.1 Woody Biomass -- 9.7.2 Cellulosic Materials -- 9.7.3 Sugary Crops -- 9.7.4 Oilseed Crops -- 9.7.5 Microalgae -- 9.8 Secondary Biomass Sources -- 9.8.1 Wood Residues -- 9.8.2 Crop Coproducts -- 9.8.3 Animal Wastes -- 9.8.4 Municipal Solid Waste.

9.8.5 Commercial and Industrial Wastes -- 9.9 Advantages of Biomass -- 9.9.1 Renewable -- 9.9.2 Carbon-Neutral -- 9.9.3 Versatile -- 9.9.4 Reduction of Waste -- 9.9.5 Local -- 9.9.6 Abundant -- 9.10 Disadvantages of Biomass -- 9.10.1 Not Completely Clean -- 9.10.2 Risk of Deforestation -- 9.10.3 Requires Large Space -- 9.10.4 Inefficient -- 9.10.5 Requires Water -- 9.11 Processing of Biomass -- 9.12 Summary -- 9.13 Problems -- References -- 10 Costing a Renewable Energy Project -- 10.1 Learning Outcomes -- 10.2 Overview -- 10.3 Introduction -- 10.4 Rated Capacity and Capacity Factor -- 10.5 Types of Costs of a Power Plant -- 10.6 Factors Affecting the Cost of Electricity -- 10.6.1 Rated Capacity and Capacity Factor -- 10.6.2 Fuel Costs and Efficiency -- 10.6.3 O&amp -- M Costs -- 10.6.4 Capital Costs and Plant Lifetime -- 10.7 Calculating Costs -- 10.7.1 Payback Time Method -- 10.7.2 Annual Levelized Cost of Electricity -- 10.8 Problems -- References -- About the Author.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.