Operation and Control of Renewable Energy Systems.
Material type:
- text
- computer
- online resource
- 9781119281702
- 621.317
- TK1007 .A363 2018
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Sources of Energy and Technologies -- 1.1 Energy Uses in Different Countries -- 1.2 Energy Sources -- 1.2.1 Non‐Renewable Energy Resources -- 1.2.2 Renewable Sources of Energy -- 1.3 Energy and Environment -- 1.3.1 Climate Change -- 1.4 Review of Technologies for Renewable Energy System -- 1.4.1 Fluid Dynamics -- 1.4.1.1 Conservation of Mass -- 1.4.1.2 Conservation of Momentum -- 1.4.1.3 Conservation of Energy -- 1.5 Thermodynamics -- 1.5.1 Enthalpy -- 1.5.2 Specific Heat -- 1.5.3 Zeroth Law -- 1.5.4 First Law -- 1.5.4.1 Limitations of First law -- 1.5.5 Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 1.5.5.1 Kelvin-Planck Statement -- 1.5.5.2 Clausius Statement -- 1.5.6 Third Law of Thermodynamics -- 1.6 Thermodynamic Power Cycles -- 1.6.1 Ideal Cycle (Carnot Cycle) -- 1.6.2 Rankine Cycle -- 1.6.3 Brayton Cycle -- 1.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Power Electronic Converters -- 2.1 Types of Power Electronic Converters -- 2.2 Power Semiconductor Devices -- 2.2.1 Thyristor -- 2.2.1.1 Line Commutation -- 2.2.1.2 Load Commutation -- 2.2.1.3 Forced Commutation -- 2.2.2 Gate Turn‐Off Thyristor (GTO) -- 2.2.3 Power Bipolar Junction Transistor -- 2.2.4 Power MOSFET -- 2.2.5 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) -- 2.3 ac‐to‐dc Converters -- 2.3.1 Single‐Phase Diode Bridge Rectifiers -- 2.3.2 Three‐Phase Full‐Wave Bridge Diode Rectifiers -- 2.3.3 Single‐Phase Fully Controlled Rectifiers -- 2.3.4 Three‐Phase Fully Controlled Bridge Converter -- 2.4 dc‐to‐ac Converters (Inverters) -- 2.4.1 Single‐Phase Voltage Source Inverters -- 2.4.2 Square‐Wave PWM Inverter -- 2.4.3 Single‐Pulse‐Width Modulation -- 2.4.4 Multiple‐Pulse‐Width Modulation -- 2.4.5 Sinusoidal‐Pulse‐Width Modulation -- 2.4.6 Three‐Phase Voltage Source Inverters -- 2.4.7 Single‐Phase Current Source Inverters.
2.4.7.1 Three‐Phase Current Source Inverter -- 2.5 Multilevel Inverters -- 2.5.1 Diode‐Clamped Multilevel Inverter -- 2.5.2 Flying‐Capacitor Multilevel Inverter -- 2.5.3 Cascaded Multicell with Different dc Source Inverter -- 2.6 Resonant Converters -- 2.6.1 Series Resonant Converter -- 2.6.1.1 Discontinuous Conduction Mode -- 2.6.2 Parallel Resonant Inverter -- 2.6.3 ZCS Resonant Converters -- 2.6.4 ZVS Resonant Converter -- 2.6.5 Resonant dc‐Link Inverters -- 2.7 Matrix Converters -- 2.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Renewable Energy Generator Technology -- 3.1 Energy Conversion -- 3.2 Power Conversion and Control of Wind Energy Systems -- 3.2.1 Induction Generator -- 3.2.2 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator -- 3.2.3 Linear PM Synchronous Machine -- 3.3 Operation and Control of Induction Generators for WES -- 3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit -- 3.3.2 Wound‐Rotor Induction Machine -- 3.3.3 Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) -- 3.3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit of DGIG -- 3.3.3.2 Braking System -- 3.4 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator -- 3.4.1 Modelling of PMSG -- 3.5 Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) Technologies -- 3.5.1 Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine -- 3.5.2 Tubular Permanent Magnet Linear Wave Generator (TPMLWG) -- 3.5.3 Linear Induction Machines -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Grid‐Scale Energy Storage -- 4.1 Requirement of Energy Storage -- 4.2 Types of Energy Storage Technologies -- 4.3 Electromechanical Storage -- 4.3.1 Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) System -- 4.3.2 Underground Pumped Hydro Energy Storage -- 4.3.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage -- 4.3.4 Flywheel Storage -- 4.3.4.1 Energy Stored in Flywheel -- 4.3.4.2 Motors for Flywheels -- 4.4 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage -- 4.5 Supercapacitors -- 4.5.1 Equivalent Circuit -- 4.6 Chemical Storage (Batteries) -- 4.6.1 Lead-acid Battery -- 4.6.2 UltraBattery.
4.6.3 Lithium‐ion Battery -- 4.6.4 Liquid metal battery -- 4.6.5 Flow Battery -- 4.6.6 Nickle‐Based Battery -- 4.7 Thermal Storage -- 4.7.1 Sensible Heat Storage -- 4.7.2 Latent Heat Storage -- 4.7.3 Thermochemical Energy Storage (TES) -- 4.8 Hydrogen Energy Storage Technology -- 4.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Solar Energy Systems -- 5.1 Sun as Source of Energy -- 5.2 Solar Radiations on Earth -- 5.2.1 Spectral Distribution of Solar Energy -- 5.3 Measurement of Solar Radiation -- 5.3.1 Pyrheliometer -- 5.3.2 Pyranometer -- 5.3.3 Sources of Errors in Radiation Meters -- 5.3.4 Sunshine Recorder -- 5.4 Solar Radiation on Different Surfaces -- 5.4.1 Zenith and Zenith Angle -- 5.4.2 Solar Time -- 5.4.3 Latitude (∅) -- 5.4.4 Declination Angle (δ) -- 5.4.5 Hour Angle (ω) -- 5.4.6 Surface Azimuth Angle (Y) -- 5.4.7 Tilt Angle (β) -- 5.4.8 Angle of Incidence -- 5.4.9 Solar Radiation on an Inclined Surface -- 5.5 Utilization of Solar Energy -- 5.6 Solar Thermal Systems -- 5.6.1 Flat‐Plate Collectors -- 5.6.1.1 Thermal Performance of Collector -- 5.6.2 Evacuated Tube Collector -- 5.6.2.1 Direct‐Flow Evacuated Tube Collector -- 5.6.2.2 Heat‐Pipe Evacuated Tube Collector -- 5.6.3 Parabolic Collectors -- 5.6.4 Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) -- 5.6.5 Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) -- 5.6.6 Cylindrical Trough Collector (CTC) -- 5.6.7 Parabolic Dish Reflector -- 5.6.8 Heliostat Field Collector (HFC) -- 5.7 Application of Solar Energy -- 5.7.1 Solar Water Heating -- 5.7.2 Passive Systems with Thermosiphon Circulation -- 5.7.3 Integrated Collector Storage Systems (Passive) -- 5.7.4 Active Solar Systems -- 5.7.4.1 Direct Circulation Systems -- 5.7.4.2 Indirect Circulation (Closed‐Loop) Systems -- 5.7.5 Air Heating Systems -- 5.8 Solar Thermal Power Generation -- 5.9 Desalination of Water -- 5.10 Steam Pressurization Systems Using Heat Energy -- 5.11 Summary.
References -- Chapter 6 Photovoltaic Systems -- 6.1 PV Solar Cells and Solar Module -- 6.1.1 Semiconductor Technology -- 6.2 Solar Cell Characteristics -- 6.2.1 Equivalent Circuit -- 6.2.2 Solar PV Module -- 6.2.3 Series and Parallel Connections of Cells -- 6.2.4 Solar PV Panel -- 6.2.5 PV Array -- 6.2.5.1 Design of PV System -- 6.3 Maximizing Power Output of PV Array -- 6.3.1 Solar Tracking -- 6.3.2 Design of Simple Automatic Solar Tracker -- 6.3.3 Load Matching for Optimal Operation -- 6.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm -- 6.4.1 Constant‐Voltage Method -- 6.4.2 Hill‐Climbing/Perturb and Observe Techniques -- 6.4.2.1 Perturb and Observe -- 6.4.3 Incremental Conductance (IC) -- 6.5 Types of Solar Cells and Technologies -- 6.5.1 Crystalline Solar Cells -- 6.5.1.1 Monocrystalline Solar Cells -- 6.5.1.2 Polycrystalline Silicon Cells -- 6.6 Thin‐Film Solar Cells -- 6.6.1 Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (a‐Si) -- 6.6.2 Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) -- 6.6.3 Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) -- 6.6.4 Copper Indium Selenide (CIS) -- 6.6.5 Crystalline Silicon (c‐si) Thin‐Film Solar Cells -- 6.7 Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems -- 6.8 New Emerging Technologies -- 6.9 Solar PV Systems -- 6.9.1 Grid‐Connected PV System -- 6.9.2 Grid‐Connected System without Battery Storage -- 6.9.3 Grid‐Connected System with Battery Storage -- 6.10 Design and Control of Stand‐Alone PV System -- 6.10.1 Battery Rating -- 6.11 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Wind Energy -- 7.1 Wind as Source of Energy -- 7.1.1 Origin of Wind -- 7.1.2 Wind Power Potential -- 7.2 Power and Energy in Wind -- 7.3 Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines -- 7.3.1 Momentum -- 7.4 Types of Wind Turbines -- 7.4.1 Horizontal‐Axis Wind Turbines -- 7.4.1.1 Horizontal‐Axis Wind Turbines with Wake Rotation -- 7.4.2 Vertical‐Axis Wind Turbines -- 7.4.3 Main Components of Wind Turbine -- 7.4.3.1 Drive Train.
7.5 Dynamics and Control of Wind Turbines -- 7.5.1 Pitch Control -- 7.5.2 Yaw Control -- 7.5.3 Passive and Active Stall Power Control -- 7.5.3.1 Passive Stall Control -- 7.5.3.2 Active Stall Control -- 7.6 Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring -- 7.7 Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) -- 7.7.1 Based on Capacity of Power Generation -- 7.7.2 Systems without Power Electronics -- 7.8 Offshore Wind Energy -- 7.8.1 Offshore Wind Turbines -- 7.8.2 Foundation -- 7.8.3 Electrical Connection and Installation -- 7.8.4 Operation and Maintenance -- 7.9 Advantages of Offshore Wind Energy Systems -- 7.10 Environmental Impact of Wind Energy Systems -- 7.10.1 Impact of Noise -- 7.10.2 Electromagnetic Interference -- 7.11 Combining the Wind Power Generation System with Energy Storage -- 7.12 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Biomass Energy Systems -- 8.1 Biomass Energy -- 8.2 Biomass Production -- 8.2.1 Forest Industries -- 8.2.2 Forest Residues -- 8.2.2.1 Forest Thinnings -- 8.2.3 Agriculture Residues -- 8.2.4 Energy Crops -- 8.2.5 Food and Industrial Wastes -- 8.3 Biomass Conversion Process -- 8.4 Thermochemical Conversion -- 8.4.1 Combustion -- 8.4.2 Gasification -- 8.4.2.1 Applications -- 8.4.3 Pyrolysis -- 8.4.3.1 Torrefaction -- 8.4.4 Liquefaction -- 8.5 Biochemical/Biological Conversion -- 8.5.1 Fermentation -- 8.5.2 Anaerobic Digestion -- 8.5.3 Anaerobic Digestion Technologies Suitable for Dairy Manure -- 8.6 Classification of Biogas Plants -- 8.7 Mechanical Extraction (with Esterification) -- 8.8 Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion -- 8.9 The Production of Electricity from Wood and Other Solid Biomass -- 8.10 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Geothermal Energy -- 9.1 The Origin of Geothermal Energy -- 9.2 Types of Geothermal Resources -- 9.3 Hydrothermal Resources -- 9.3.1 Vapour‐Dominated Systems -- 9.3.2 Water‐Dominated Systems.
9.4 The Geopressured Resources.
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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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