Investments in Conflict Zones : The Role of International Investment Law in Armed Conflicts, Disputed Territories, and 'Frozen' Conflicts.

Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword:  The Role of International Investment Law in Conflict Scenarios -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Notes on Contributors -- Table of Cases -- Permanent Court of International Justice -- International Court of Justice -- International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea -- Inter-State Arbitrations, Mixed Arbitrations, and Claims Commissions -- Court of Justice of the European Union -- European Court of Human Rights -- Iran-US Claims Tribunal -- Investor- State Arbitration -- wto and gatt -- International Criminal Law -- Nuremberg Trials -- International Criminal Court -- International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia -- National Courts -- Introduction: Investments in Conflict Zones -- 1 One Step Back: a Sceptic's Perspective -- 2 Investment Law and Armed Conflicts -- 3 Investment Law and Disputed Territories -- 4 Investment Law and Annexed Territories and 'Frozen' Conflicts -- 5 Outlook -- Part 1 Investment Law and Armed Conflicts -- Chapter 1 International Law in Revolutionary Upheavals: On the Tension between International Investment Law and International Humanitarian Law -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relationship between International Investment Law and International Humanitarian Law of Non-International Armed Conflicts -- 2.1 Fundamental Applicability of Both Regimes -- 2.1.1 International Investment Law -- 2.1.2 International Humanitarian Law of Non-International Armed Conflict -- 2.2 A Normative Conflict? -- 2.3 Lex Specialis? -- 3 Informing Extended War Clauses or Autonomous Treaty Interpretation? -- 3.1 An Informative Approach -- 3.2 Informing Extended War Clauses? -- 3.3 An Autonomous Treaty Interpretation -- 4 Burden of Proof -- 5 Conclusion -- Note on the Text -- Bibliography.

Chapter 2 The Genealogy of Extended War Clauses: Requisition and Destruction of Property in Armed Conflicts : -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Hague Law Rules on Appropriation and Destruction of Property in War -- 3 The Customary Standard of Treatment: Appropriation and Destruction of Alien Property in War -- 4 Modern Investment Treaties: 'Destruction Not Required by the Necessity of War' and 'Requisition' -- 4.1 A Recognized Meaning of Treaty Terms under Customary War Law: Article 31(1) and (4) vclt -- 4.2 War Law Rules on Appropriation and Destruction of Property as Part of the Context in the Interpretation of the ewc: Article 31(3)(c) vclt -- 4.3 A Special Meaning to the Language of the ewc that Breaks from War Law Has Not Developed -- 4.4 The Implications of the Suggested Interpretation of War Clauses -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 Full Protection and Security from Physical Security to Environmental Security: Its Limitations and Future Possibilities: -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Positioning and Defining Full Protection and Security -- 2.1 Due Diligence -- 2.2 Physical Security -- 2.3 Limitations on the Application of the fps Standard: Contribution and Complicity in International Law -- 2.3.1 Damages and Contribution -- 2.3.2 Investor Complicity -- 3 Extending the Practice and Application of fps to Environmental Impacts -- 3.1 fps Claim Based on Environmental Damage -- 3.2 Counterclaims -- 3.3 Contribution to Environmental Impacts -- 4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 The Effect of Armed Hostilities on Investment Treaty Obligations: A Case of Force Majeure? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pertinent Treatment Standards: Full Protection and Security and (Extended) War Clauses -- 3 Force Majeure and International Investment Law -- 3.1 Force Majeure under General International Law.

3.2 The Practical Relevance of Force Majeure in Investment Disputes Involving Armed Hostilities -- 3.3 Procedural Requirements of Invoking Force Majeure -- 3.4 Consequences of a Successful Invocation of Force Majeure -- 4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Part 2 Investment Law and Disputed Territories -- Chapter 5 The Concept of 'Territory' in bits of Disputing Sovereigns -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Territory in International Law -- 3 Territory in bits -- 4 Territory in bits of Disputing Sovereigns -- 4.1 Competing Sovereigns -- 4.1.1 China and Taiwan -- 4.1.2 North and South Korea -- 4.2 Hopeful Sovereigns -- 4.2.1 Cyprus -- 4.2.2 Georgia -- 4.3 Factual Sovereigns -- 4.3.1 Israel over the Palestinian Territories -- 4.3.2 Kosovo over the (Former) Autonomous Province of Serbia -- 5 Assessment -- Note on the Text -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6 The Protection of Foreign Investments in Disputed Maritime Areas -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Disputed Maritime Areas: a Taxonomy -- 2.1 Delimitation of Overlapping Entitlements -- 2.2 Existence of Overlapping Entitlements -- 2.3 Ownership of Entitlements -- 3 Spatial Scope of iias and Maritime Areas -- 4 Limits of Jurisdiction in Investor-State Dispute Settlement -- 4.1 Limits of Jurisdiction ratione materiae: Implicated Issues -- 4.2 Limits of Jurisdiction ratione personae: Indispensable Parties -- 5 Potential Approaches to Jurisdictional Limitations in the Context of Implicated Issues and Indispensable Parties -- 6 Conclusion -- Note on the Text -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7 Parallel Proceedings Arising from Uncertain Territorial and Maritime Boundaries -- 1 Introduction: Why Is There a Risk of Parallel Proceedings? -- 2 How do Uncertain Boundaries Affect Investments? -- 2.1 Maritime Investments -- 2.2 Territorial Investments -- 3 Which Normative Regimes Are Relevant? -- 3.1 State Succession.

3.2 Illegally Annexed Territories -- 3.3 Limitations of Substantive Legal Rules -- 4 Which Procedural Rules Apply? -- 4.1 Indispensable Third Parties, Res Judicata, Abuse of Process, and Comity -- 4.2 Definition of a 'Dispute' -- 4.2.1 Opposition -- 4.2.2 Subject Matter -- 4.2.3 Temporality -- 5 Conclusion: Developing International Procedural Rules -- Note on the Text -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8 Representation of States in Investment Arbitrations Involving Governments Competing for International Recognition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Recognition of Governments in (Public and Private) International Law -- 2.1 Position of International Judicial Bodies on the (Non)-Recognition of Governments -- 2.2 Recognition of Governments in Domestic Legal Proceedings: the Approach of National Judges -- 3 Competing Governments in Investment Arbitration Proceedings -- 3.1 Preliminary Issues -- 3.2 Applicable Law and the Criterion of Effectiveness -- 3.3 Application of the Criterion of Effectiveness -- 3.4 Roadmap for Arbitral Tribunals Faced with Competing Governments Claiming to Represent the State Party in the Proceedings -- 4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9 The Substantive and Procedural Protection of Investments under Article 1 Protocol 1 to the echr and Its Value in Cases of Territorial Conflicts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Relevant Framework and Goals of the Analysis -- 2.1 Substance, Procedure, Remedies -- 2.2 Relevance of Property and Investment Cases in the Framework of the echr -- 2.3 Conflict and the echr -- 3 Substantive Aspects of the Protection of Property under the echr -- 3.1 A Glance at the Drafting History of the Right to Property in the Framework of the echr (Including Its Procedural Side) -- 3.2 Jurisdiction Ratione Materiae -- 3.3 Jurisdiction Ratione Loci and Jurisdiction Ratione Personae.

4 Procedural Aspects for Investment Litigation under the echr -- 4.1 Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies and Its Exceptions in Situations of Territorial Conflicts -- 4.2 Alternative or Cumulative Litigation before the echr -- 5 The Prospects of Investment Protection Regarding Current Territorial Conflicts under the echr -- 5.1 The ECtHR's Caseload -- 5.2 Financial Compensation, Just Satisfaction and Litigation Costs, Enforcement -- 5.3 Pilot Judgments - General Non-Monetary Measures -- 5.4 A Spotlight on Ukraine -- 5.5 The Council of Europe, the echr, and Russia -- 6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Part 3 Investment Law and Its Application to Annexed Territories and in 'Frozen' Conflicts -- Chapter 10 The Application of Investment Treaties in Occupied or Annexed Territories and 'Frozen' Conflicts: Tabula Rasa or Occupata? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Investments during Occupation -- 2.1 The Intersection of International Investment and Humanitarian Law -- 2.2 To the Occupier Belong the Spoils … in Principle -- 3 Jurisdiction and Applicable Law for Investment Disputes in Annexed Territory -- 3.1 Jurisdiction Ratione Materiae -- 3.2 Jurisdiction Ratione Loci -- 3.2.1 Legal or Factual Territory? -- 3.2.2 Strategy of Aggressor-States -- 3.2.3 Towards a Namibia-Like Exception for Investment Treaties -- 3.3 Jurisdiction Ratione Temporis -- 3.4 Jurisdiction Ratione Personae -- 4 Conclusion -- Note on the Text -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11 The Duty of Non-Recognition and EU Free Trade Agreements: Lessons for Investment Law from the Case of Front Polisario: -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Duty of Non-Recognition under Public International Law -- 3 The Duty of Non-Recognition under EU Law -- 4 Effects of the Duty of Non-Recognition on EU Association and Free Trade Agreements -- 4.1 Effects on the Union's Treaty Relations -- 4.1.1 EU Free Trade and Association Agreements.

4.1.2 Legal Effects of the Duty of Non-Recognition in General.

In Investments in Conflict Zones, a selected group of experts explores how armed conflicts, territorial disputes, and 'frozen' conflicts impact the application and interpretation of international investment law and how investment protection can be reconciled with such politically charged circumstances.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.