Routledge Handbook on Middle East Security.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (373 pages)
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Notes on contributors -- Part I Global contemporary security trends and the Middle East -- 1 Perspectives on Middle East security: An introduction -- The absence of security in the Middle East -- Previous research on Middle East security -- Brief history of the Middle East security context -- New and emerging security threats in the Middle East -- The Middle East and regional security complex theory -- The security complex theory approach -- Structure of the book -- Note -- References -- 2 Shifts in the global political and economic landscape and consequences for the Middle East and North Africa -- Global trends -- The Middle East and North Africa -- Short- and long-term challenges -- Climate sensitivity -- Weak economic integration -- Regional power struggle and competition2 -- Global power shift and implications for the region -- Russia and rising influence in the MENA region -- China: A new global player in the MENA region -- Why is China interested in the Middle East? -- The US rebalances to the Pacific and China to the MENA region -- Final words -- A global angle -- A regional angle -- Notes -- References -- 3 Conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa: An attempt at reframing -- Introduction: Writing about conflict in MENA -- Of lineages and earthquakes -- Cluster I: The post-Ottoman order/disorder -- Cluster II: The Arab-Israeli conflict -- Cluster III: The 1979 Islamic Revolution: The rise of Shia Iran -- Cluster IV: The 1979 siege of Mecca: Sunni radicalization -- Cluster V: The 2011 Arab uprisings -- External intervention as compounding factor -- The Cold War -- The US decade -- Russia's resurgence -- Turkey's defensive aggressiveness -- The EU as paying bystander -- Intersecting trajectories -- What does it all mean?. An afterthought -- Appendix: An attempt at a typology of MENA conflicts of the past 50 years -- Notes -- References -- 4 US Middle East policy -- The evolution of US policy -- Subsequent events -- Nuclear non-proliferation -- Israel -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 External intervention in the Gulf -- Introduction -- Emergence of US dominance in the Gulf -- Zenith of US predominance -- Deterioration of US predominance -- External rivals gain strength in the Gulf -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 The security implications of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict -- The Israeli-Palestinian conflict -- Brief historical overview of changing conflict dynamics -- The Israeli-Palestinian security complex -- Personal and State security implications of the IPSC -- The security implications for sub-complexes of the IPSC -- The Palestinian diaspora -- Jordan-Israel-the Palestinians -- Israel-Syria-the Palestinians -- Lebanon-Israel-the Palestinians -- Egypt-Israel-the Palestinians -- The IPSC's security implications for the Middle East -- The global IPSC security implications -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 7 The future of Iraq's security -- Introduction -- Conceptualizing Iraq's security -- Iraq's hard security dilemmas -- Iraq's future duopolies of violence -- Reform of the regular military forces -- The issue of militias -- Dealing with ISIS remnants -- The battle over urban centers -- Mosul and Kirkuk -- The battle for smaller towns -- Human security dilemmas -- Population displacement and refugees -- The effects of brain drain -- Internal displacement -- Dealing with population displacement in the future -- Youth security and education -- Security for minorities -- Gender security -- Health security -- Environmental security, energy security and food security -- Oil -- Hydroelectric infrastructure -- Water and food security -- Conclusion -- References. 8 Security and Syria: From "the security state" to the source of multiple insecurities -- Introduction -- Syria as the archetypical insecure state in the Middle East -- The un-mature "regional security complex": An insecure community in the Middle East -- The security state, mukhabarat everywhere, the absence of human security and the prevalence of fear -- The 2011 uprising and the crushing of the demand for human security -- Sowing insecurity from above: Counter-insurgency without "winning hearts and minds" -- Emancipation from below foiled: Fragmented militias, recombinant regime, radical (takfiri) jihadists and refugees -- Syria as a new regional and international security problem: A return to the classical security ritual? -- Notes -- References -- 9 Humanitarian aid to a Middle East in crisis -- Introduction -- Aid and conflict -- A brief history of humanitarian assistance in the Middle East -- The Syria crisis -- Facing the future: Aid and conflict in the Middle East -- Notes -- References -- 10 Peacebuilding in the Middle East -- Introduction -- Peacebuilding in theory and practice -- Security sector reform in Tunisia -- Environmental peacebuilding in Israel-Palestine -- Women and institution building in Iraq -- Youth and peacebuilding in Lebanon -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part II Energy, resource issues and climate change as security issues in the Middle East -- 11 The water-energy-food nexus in the MENA region: Securities of the future -- Introduction -- The water security challenge in the MENA region -- The "big water" challenge -- The "small water" supply chain -- The "big water" supply chain -- Farmers and "big water"/"food-water" -- Population growth in the food bowls: Another key risk factor to "big water" -- A sober look at the agricultural potential of the MENA region -- "Big water"/"food water" security threats. Alternatives to managing the "big water" supply chain -- Lessons from the WEF nexus: Pursuing what is possible -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 The multidimensional aspect of water security in the Middle East and North Africa -- Introduction -- Water scarcity -- Transboundary water -- Multidimensional water security -- Human security -- Food security -- Water and food security in conflict-torn states -- National security and political stability -- Water weapon -- Water, hydrological infrastructure and war -- Building adaptive capacity -- Notes -- References -- 13 Food security in the Middle East -- Introduction and overview -- Eating more meat -- Political stability and food security -- Food refugees -- Transnational threats to food security -- Water mismanagement as a threat to food security -- Foreign agricultural investments -- Less food waste, fewer food imports -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- 14 Climate-related security risks in the Middle East -- Introduction -- The Middle East region -- Egypt: The transnational dimensions of climate-related security risks -- Syria: The politics of climate-related security risks -- Yemen: Tomorrow today? -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 The Nile and the Middle East: Interlinkages between two regional security complexes and... -- Introduction -- Theoretical framework -- Theoretical approaches -- Recent hydropolitical developments in the Nile Basin -- Role of external partners in the Nile hydropolitical dynamics -- The long involvement of the Gulf countries in the Nile Basin -- 2007/2008: Gulf countries in search of new land -- Gulf-Sudan -- Gulf-Ethiopia/Horn of Africa -- Hydropolitical implications of Gulf presence in the Nile Basin -- Turkey as a strategic partner in the Nile Basin -- Turkey-Egypt -- Turkey-Ethiopia -- Turkey-Sudan -- Hydropolitical implications of Turkey's presence in the Nile Basin. Importance of Red Sea dynamics in the Nile hydropolitics -- Hydropolitical implications of Red Sea dynamics in the Nile Basin -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Water and security in the Middle East: Opportunities and challenges for water diplomacy -- Introduction -- Water, security and water diplomacy -- Multi-track water diplomacy -- Linking the tracks -- Water diplomacy entry points: Lower Jordan River and Euphrates and Tigris -- Examples of formal water diplomacy entry points -- Informal water diplomacy entry points -- 1. Foster an enabling environment to empower multi-track water diplomacy processes to function effectively -- 2. Strengthen and institutionalize linkages within and between formal and informal water diplomacy tracks -- 3. Establish shared technical knowledge platforms to inform formal and informal processes -- Linking the tracks: Prevailing challenges and emerging opportunities for water diplomacy -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- Part III Migration, political economy, democratization, identity and gender issues and security in the Middle East -- 17 Large-scale population migration and insecurity in the Middle East -- Population migration and the Middle East -- Middle East, labor migration and remittances -- The Middle East: The region of and for refugees -- Migration contributing to further insecurity in the region -- References -- 18 Security and political economy in the Middle East -- Introduction -- Imperialism and resistance: Economic dependency as a security issue -- Defensive modernization -- The developmental logic of Nasserism: The economic bases of sovereignty -- Oil and regional security -- The politics of OPEC -- The failure of Oil Arabism as a basis of regional security -- The rentier state and security -- Regime stability, state weakness? -- Deterring democratization. "Bonanza modernization".
This book provides a state-of-the-art review of research on the key challenges for security in the Middle East. Taking a broad perspective on security the volume offers both analysis grounded in the 'hard' military and state security discourse but also delves into the 'soft' aspects of security employing a human security perspective.
9781351718370
National security-Middle East. Middle East-Politics and government-21st century. Middle East-Foreign relations-21st century.