Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (575 pages)
- CABI Plant Protection Series .
- CABI Plant Protection Series .
Intro -- Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgements -- 1: Management of Crops to Prevent Pest Outbreaks -- Introduction -- Standards for Organic and IPM Production: Similarities and Differences -- Organic farming -- IPM -- Conceptual Model for Pest Management in Organic Farming -- Nature Conservation Measures: the Basis for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services -- Integrating biodiversity conservation into production systems -- Influence of landscape complexity and farming system -- Influence of Organic Farming Practices on Abundance of Pest Insects and their Antagonists -- Crop rotation -- Fertilization -- Tillage and soil cultivation -- Host plant resistance/cultivar choice -- Other agronomic measures -- Habitat Management at Field Level -- Intercropping and cover cropping -- Push-pull strategy -- Conservation biological control -- Case Study: Development of Conservation Biological Control for Swiss Cabbage Production -- Direct Control Measures -- Biological control -- Physical pest control -- Natural insecticides -- Outlook and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2: Plant Protection Tools in Organic Farming -- Introduction -- The Different Categories of Plant Protection Products Allowed in Organic Farming -- Products Based on Microorganisms -- Viruses -- Fungi -- Bacteria -- Protozoa -- Products Based on Plant Extracts -- Pyrethrins -- Azadirachtin -- Other plant extracts -- Products Based on Pheromones -- Mating disruption -- Mass trapping and attract and kill -- Beneficial Organisms -- Products Based on Substances from Traditional Use in Organic Farming -- Copper -- Sulfur -- Lime sulfur (calcium polysulfide) -- Paraffin oils (dormant oils and narrow-range summer oils) -- Fatty acid potassium soap (soft soap) -- Ethylene -- Quartz sand. Repellents by smell of animal or plant origin/sheep fat -- Other Substances -- Ferric phosphate -- Beeswax -- Lecithin -- Potassium hydrogen carbonate (aka potassium bicarbonate) -- Diatomaceous earth -- References -- 3: Natural Enemies and Pest Control -- Introduction -- Natural Enemies and Biological Control -- Implementation of Biological Control -- Factors Affecting the Use of Biological Control -- World Spread of Biological Control -- Biological Control and Organic Farming -- Conclusions -- References -- 4: Pest Control in Organic Citrus Groves -- Introduction -- I Diptera -- I-1 Tephritidae -- Species and their distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- II Lepidoptera -- II-1 Gracillariidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- II-2 Yponomeutidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- II-3 Pyralidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- II-4 Tortricidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Biological control -- II-5 Papilionidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III Hemiptera -- III-1 Pentatomidae-Tessaratomidae -- Species and their distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-2 Cicadellidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-3 Psylloidea -- III-3-1 Liviidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-3-2 Triozidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-4 Superfamily: Coccoidea -- III-4-1 Diaspididae -- Species and their distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-4-2 Coccidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-4-3 Pseudococcidae. Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-4-4 Margarodidae Monophlebidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-5 Aphididae -- Species and their distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- III-6 Aleyrodidae -- Major species and their distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- IV Thysanoptera -- IV-1 Thripidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- V Coleoptera -- V-1 Cerambicidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- VI Acari -- VI-1 Tetranychidae -- Species and their distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- VI-2 Eriophyidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- VI-3 Tenuipalpidae -- Species and their distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- VI-4 Tarsonemidae -- Distribution -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- VII Hymenoptera -- VII-1 Formicidae -- Organic controls -- VIII Orthoptera -- VIII-1 Acrididae -- Bio-ecology -- Damage -- Organic controls -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- 5: Pest Management in Organic Apple, Pear and Stone Fruit -- Introduction -- Influence of Cultivar and Rootstock Choice on Pest Control -- Influence of Cultivation Techniques on Pest Control -- Conservation Biocontrol: Influence of Landscape and Orchard Design -- Direct Control of Pest Insects -- Future Prospects and Research Needs -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6: Organic Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Fruit Crops -- Introduction. First Phase -- Crop rotation -- Sanitation -- Banana -- Papaya -- Avocado -- Mango -- Cropping systems and crop management -- Banana -- Papaya -- Avocado and mango -- Soil management -- Banana -- Avocado -- Papaya -- Non-transgenic plant resistance -- Avocado -- Mango -- Papaya -- Banana -- Farm/field location -- Mango -- Banana -- Pruning -- Avocado -- Physical control -- Papaya -- Mango -- Banana -- Second Phase -- Vegetation management -- Papaya -- Third Phase -- Biological control agents -- Avocado -- Mango -- Papaya -- Banana -- Fourth Phase -- Biological and botanical insecticides -- Avocado -- Mango -- Banana -- Mineral insecticides -- Mating disruption -- Avocado -- Mango -- Conclusions -- References -- 7: Pest Management in Organic Grape Production -- Introduction -- The More Important Pests of Grapes -- The Grape Moths -- The two European grape berry moths, Eudemis or Lobesia botrana (Denis & -- Schiffermüller) and Cochylis or Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hübner) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The American grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The Australian grape berry moth or light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The small grape moths - Argyrotaenia spp. -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana Walsingham -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The grape tortricid, Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & -- Schiffermüller) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The Grape Hemiptera Leaf- and Planthoppers. The grape mealybugs and soft scales -- The grape mealybugs -- The grapevine soft scales -- Other Insects -- The fig longicorn borer Acalolepta vastator (Newman) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The grape rootworms Fidia viticida (Walsh) and Fidia longipes (Melsheimer) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The grass grub beetle, Costelytra zealandica (White) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The Japanese beetle, Popilia japonica Newman -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The drosophila or vinegar flies, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Drosophila suzukii Matsumura -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The Grape Mites -- The erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The grape-leaf rust mite, Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa) -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- The flat mites, Brevipalpus chilensis Baker and Tenuipalpus granati Sayed -- Diagnosis and biology -- Distribution -- Economic importance -- Mites of the genus Tetranychus -- Tetranychus urticae -- Tetranychus pacificus -- The McDaniel mite, T. mcdanieli -- Mites of the genus Panonychus -- Mites of the genus Eotetranychus -- The yellow spider mite, Eotetranychus carpini (Oudemans) -- Willamette spider mite, Eotetranychus willamettei McGregor -- The Grape Nematodes -- Root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. -- Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema spp. -- Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. -- Strategies, Means and Tools in Organic Production -- Concrete Management Strategies in Grape Organic Production -- Management of grape berry moths -- Monitoring -- Cultural methods -- Pesticide sprayings -- Biological control -- Mating disruption. Management of the grape root borer.
An up-to-date, comprehensive reference for pest management in organic systems, including practical advice, tables and diagrams. Introductory chapters explore the management of crops to prevent outbreaks, plant protection tools, natural enemies and pest control. Crop-based chapters discuss geographic distribution, economic importance and key pests.