Progress in Neurodegeneration : The Role of Metals.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (398 pages)
- Neurodegenerative Diseases - Laboratory and Clinical Research Series .
- Neurodegenerative Diseases - Laboratory and Clinical Research Series .
Intro -- PROGRESS IN NEURODEGENERATION: THE ROLE OF METALS -- PROGRESS IN NEURODEGENERATION: THE ROLE OF METALS -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 The Nervous System and Brain Damage -- 1. The Nervous System -- 1.1. Central Nervous System -- 1.1.1. Neurons -- 1.1.2. Synapse -- 1.1.3. Neuroglial Cells -- 1.2. Brain Damage -- References -- Chapter 2 Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 2.1. Huntington Disease -- 2.2. Parkinson Disease -- 2.3. Alzheimer Disease -- 2.4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 3 Metals, Toxicity and Neurodegeneration -- 3.1. Entrance of Metals to the Brain -- 3.2. Metal Transport and Toxicity to the Brain Barriers -- 3.3. Oxidative Stress -- 3.3.1. Metal Ions and Oxidative Stress -- 3.3.2. Oxidative Stress in AD -- 3.3.3. Oxidative Stress in PD -- 3.3.4. Oxidative Stress in ALS -- 3.3.5. Oxidative Stress in HD -- 3.4. Mitochondrial Alterations -- 3.5. Common Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity -- 3.5.1. Excitotoxicity -- 3.5.2. Apoptosis -- 3.5.3. Necrosis -- 3.5.4. Glial Activation -- 3.5.5. Inflammation -- 3.5.6. Cytokines -- Cytokine Actions on Neurons -- Cytokine Actions on Glia -- 3.6. Metals and the Activation of Signalling Pathways -- 3.6.1. Protein Aggregation in Neurodegeneration -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 4 Aluminum -- 4.1. Sources of Aluminum -- 4.1.1. Environmental Exposure -- 4.1.2. Dietary Exposure -- 4.1.3. Iatrogenic Exposure -- 4.1.4. Occupational Exposure -- 4.2. Aluminum Entry -- 4.2.1. Distribution -- 4.3. Mechanisms by Which Aluminum Causes Neuronal Damage -- 4.3.1. Aluminum Oxidation -- 4.3.2. Impairment of Glia Function -- 4.3.3. Inflammatory Response -- 4.3.4. Apoptosis -- 4.3.5. Conformational Changes of Proteins -- 4.3.6. Neurotransmission Impairment. 4.4. Aluminum and Neurodegeneration -- 4.4.1. Dialysis Encephalopathy -- 4.4.2. Encephalopathy with Epilepsy -- 4.4.3. Alzheimer Disease -- 4.4.4. Parkinson Disease -- 4.4.5. Multiple Sclerosis -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 5 Manganese -- 5.1. Manganese Absorption -- 5.2. Manganese Transport -- 5.3. Manganese and the Central Nervous System -- 5.3.1. γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) -- 5.3.2. Glutamate (Glu) -- 5.3.3. Dopamine (DA) -- 5.4. Manganism -- 5.5. Oxidative Stress -- 5.6. Apoptotic Neuronal Death -- 5.7. Excitotoxicity -- 5.8. Neuroinflammation -- References -- Chapter 6 Cadmium -- 6.1. General Description -- 6.1. Sources -- 6.2. Routes of Exposure -- 6.2.1. Air -- 6.2.2. Drinking-water -- 6.2.3. Food -- 6.3. Absorption, Distribution and Excretion -- 6.3.1. Absorption -- 6.3.3. Distribution -- 6.3.4. Excretion -- 6.4. Cadmium Toxicity -- 6.4.1. Access of Cd to the brain -- 6.4.2. Neurotoxicity -- 6.4.3. Cadmium Neuropathology -- 6.5. Mechanisms of Cd Neurotoxicity -- 6.6. Cadmium and Neurodegeneration -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 7 Zinc -- 7.1. General Description -- 7.1.1. Sources -- 7.2. Absorption -- 7.2.1. Inhalation Exposure -- 7.2.2. Oral Exposure -- 7.2.3. Dermal Exposure -- 7.3. Distribution -- 7.3.1. Metabolism -- 7.3.2. Excretion -- 7.4. Zinc in the Brain -- 7.4.1. Zinc and Brain Function -- 7.4.2. Zinc Transport into the Brain -- 7.4.3. Zinc Release from Neuron Terminals -- 7.5. Zinc Neurotoxicity -- 7.5.1. Mechanism of Zn-induced Neurotoxicity -- 7.6. Diseases Associated with Zinc-Mediated Neuronal Death -- 7.6.1. Ischemia -- 7.6.2. Seizures -- 7.7. Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 7.7.1. Alzheimer Disease -- 7.7.2. Other Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 7.7.3. Brain Aging -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 8 Vanadium -- 8.1. General Description -- 8.2. Sources -- 8.2.1. Air. 8.2.2. Soil -- 8.2.3. Water -- 8.2.4. Food -- 8.2.5. Occupational Exposure -- 8.3. Absorption, Distribution and Excretion -- 8.4. General Toxicity -- 8.4.1. Mechanism of Action -- 8.5. Nervous System Effects -- 8.5.1. Olfactory Bulb -- 8.5.2. Cerebral Ventricles -- 8.5.3. Basal Ganglia -- 8.5.4. Hippocampus -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 9 Lead -- 9.1. General Description -- 9.2. Sources of Lead Exposure -- 9.2.1. Air -- 9.2.2. Water -- 9.2.3. Soil -- 9.2.4. Paint -- 9.2.5. Other Sources -- 9.3. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion -- 9.4. Health Effects -- 9.5. Lead Neurotoxicity -- 9.5.1. Mechanism of Pb-induced Neurotoxicity -- 9.5.2. Pb and Neurotransmission -- 9.6. Lead and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 10 Iron -- 10.1. General Description -- 10.2. Sources of Iron Exposure -- 10.2.1. Air -- 10.2.2. Water -- 10.2.3. Food -- 10.3. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion -- 10.4. Health Effects -- 10.5. Iron in the Brain -- 10.5.1. Iron Transport to Brain -- 10.6. Iron Neurotoxicity -- 10.6.1. Mechanism of Fe-induced Neurotoxicity -- 10.6.2. Fe and Free Radicals -- 10.7. Iron and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 10.7.1. Alzheimer Disease -- 10.7.2. Parkinson Disease -- 10.7.3. Other Neurological Diseases -- 10.7.3.1. Aceruloplasminemia -- 10.7.3.2. Neuroferritinopathy -- 10.7.3.3. Friedreich Ataxia -- 10.8. Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) -- 10.8.1. Huntington Disease and Multiple Sclerosis -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 11 Mercury -- 11.1. General Description -- 11.2. Sources of Mercury Exposure -- 11.2.1. Air -- 11.2.2. Water -- 11.2.3. Food -- 11.2.3.1. Food of Animal Origin -- 11.2.3.2. Food of Plant Origin -- 11.2.4. Pharmaceuticals and Utility Products. 11.3. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion -- 11.4. Toxicity -- 11.4.1. Mechanisms of Mercury Toxicity -- 11.5. Mercury in the Brain -- 11.5.1. Mercury Transport to Brain -- 11.5.2. Mercury Neurotoxicity -- 11.6. Mechanism of Mercury-Induced Neurotoxicity -- 11.6.1. Oxidative Stress -- 11.6.2. Neurotransmission -- 11.7. Mercury and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 11.7.1. Alzheimer Disease -- 11.7.2. Parkinson Disease -- 11.7.3. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- 11.7.4. Other neurological Diseases -- 11.7.4.1. Multiple Sclerosis -- 11.7.4.2. Acrodynia -- 11.7.4.3. Autism -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 12 Copper -- 12.1. General Description -- 12.2. Sources of Copper Exposure -- 12.2.1. Air -- 12.2.2. Water -- 12.2.3. Food -- 12.3. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion -- 12.4. Toxicity -- 12.4.1. Mechanisms of Copper Toxicity -- 12.5. Copper in the Brain -- 12.5.1. Copper Transport to Brain -- 12.5.2. Copper Neurotoxicity -- 12.6. Mechanism of Copper-Induced Neurotoxicity -- 12.6.1. Oxidative Stress -- 12.6.2. Neurotransmission -- 12.7. Copper and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 12.7.1. Alzheimer Disease -- 12.7.2. Parkinson Disease -- 12.7.3. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- 12.7.4. Other Neurological Diseases -- 12.7.4.1. Wilson Disease -- 12.7.4.2. Menkes Disease -- 12.7.4.3. Prion Diseases -- Final Considerations -- References -- Index -- Blank Page.
9781617285707
Nervous system -- Degeneration. Metals -- Toxicology. Neurotoxicology.