TY  - BOOK
AU  - Reilly,Katherine V.
TI  - Food Aid Policy and Challenges
SN  - 9781612097503
AV  - HV696.F6.F6253 2009 
PY  - 2009///
CY  - New York
PB  - Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated
KW  - Food relief--Government policy--United States
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Intro -- FOOD AID POLICY AND CHALLENGES -- FOOD AID POLICY AND CHALLENGES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INTERNATIONAL FOOD AIDAND THE 2007 FARM BILL -- ABSTRACT -- BACKGROUND -- U.S. FOOD AID PROGRAMS -- P.L. 480 Title II -- Other P.L. 480 Food Aid Programs -- The Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust (BEHT) -- The McGovern-Dole International Food for Educationand Child Nutrition Program (FFE) -- Food for Progress (FFP) -- Section 416(b) -- FOOD AID ISSUES -- Need for Food Aid -- Timeliness and Cost of Emergency Food Aid -- Monetization and Additional Cash Resources -- WTO Food Aid issues -- FOOD AID LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS -- The Administration's Proposal for Local or Regional Purchase forEmergency Food Aid -- Proposals of the Alliance for Food Aid -- Proposals of Catholic Relief Services, CARE, Mercy Corps, and Save theChildren -- CONGRESSIONAL ACTION -- P.L. 480 -- Non-Emergency Development Food Aid -- Local or Regional Purchase for Emergency Food Aid -- Other P.L. 480 Provisions -- Other Food Aid Programs -- REFERENCES -- RISING FOOD PRICES AND GLOBAL FOOD NEEDS:THE U.S. RESPONSE* -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WHY ARE FOOD PRICES INCREASING? -- HOW COUNTRIES HAVE RESPONDED -- Asia -- Africa -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- FOOD AID FUNDING SHORTFALLS -- The World Food Program (WFP) -- U.S. Agency for International Development -- THE U.S. RESPONSE TO FOOD AID FUNDING SHORTFALLS -- Release from the Emerson Trust -- FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations -- The President's FY2009 Food Aid Request -- ADDITIONAL U.S. FOOD AID POLICY OPTIONS -- ALLOCATING SOME TITLE II FUNDS TOLOCAL OR REGIONAL PURCHASE -- Earmarking Food Aid for Non-Emergency Projects -- OTHER NEAR-TERM INTERNATIONAL DONOR RESPONSES -- Responses to the WFP Appeal -- FAO's Proposal -- World Bank and IMF Responses; LONG-TERM CONSIDERATIONS: GIVING PRIORITY TOAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT -- U.S. Assistance to Agriculture: Focus on Africa -- Other U.S. Assistance Initiatives -- President's Initiative to End Hunger in Africa (IEHA) -- Millennium Challenge Account -- Development Food Aid -- World Bank -- REFERENCES -- AGRICULTURAL EXPORTAND FOOD AID PROGRAMS* -- ABSTRACT -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS -- USDA'S INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS -- AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS -- Export Subsidies -- Recent EEP Activity -- Market Development Programs -- MAP and FMDP Issues -- Recent FMDP Activity -- Export Credit Guarantees -- Other Trade Proposals -- INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID PROGRAMS[20] -- P.L. 480 (Food for Peace)[21] -- Recent Food Aid Program Activity -- Food Aid Issues -- THE ADMINISTRATION'S FARM BILL FOOD AID PROPOSAL -- FARM BILL LEGISLATIVE ACTION ON FOOD AID -- P.L. 480 -- Non-Emergency Development Food Aid -- Local or Regional Purchase for Emergency Food Aid -- Other P.L. 480 Provisions -- Other Food Aid Programs -- CONGRESSIONAL ACTION ON APPROPRIATIONS -- FY2009 Budget Request -- REFERENCES -- FOREIGN ASSISTANCE: VARIOUS CHALLENGESIMPEDE THE EFFICIENCY ANDEFFECTIVENESS OF U.S. FOOD AID* -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- Countries Provide Food Aid through in-kind or Cash Donations, with theUnited States the Largest Donor -- Most U.S. Food Aid Goes to Africa -- Programs Use Assessments to Determine Emergency and NonemergencyFood Aid Needs -- Nonemergency Funding for U.S. Food Aid Has Declined -- U.S. Food Aid Is Delivered through Multiple Programswith Multiple Mandates -- Multiple U.S. Government Agencies and Stakeholders Coordinate U.S. FoodAid Programs through Various Forums -- MULTIPLE CHALLENGES HINDER THE EFFICIENCYOF U.S. FOOD AID PROGRAMS; Food Aid Procurement and Transportation Are Costly and Time-Consuming -- Various Factors Cause Inefficiencies in Food Aid Logistics -- Ocean Transportation Contracting Practices Increase Delivery Costs andContribute to Delays -- While Agencies Have Taken Steps to Improve Efficiency, Related LongtermCosts and Benefits Have Not Yet Been Measured -- Monetization Is an Inefficient Practice and the Lack of Electronic DataImpedes Agencies' Ability to Monitor -- VARIOUS CHALLENGES REDUCE THE EFFECTIVE USE OF FOOD AID -- Ensuring That Food Aid Reaches the Most Vulnerable Populations isCritical to Enhancing Its Effectiveness and Avoiding Negative Market Impact -- Various Factors Limit the Effectiveness of Efforts to Provide Food Aid to theMost Vulnerable Populations -- Difficulties in Identifying Vulnerable Populations Have Limited EffectiveTargeting -- Impediments to Improving Nutritional Quality Reduce the Benefits of FoodAid -- U.S. Agencies Do Not Sufficiently Monitor Food Aid Programs -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: PROGRAM AUTHORITIESAND CONGRESSIONAL MANDATES -- APPENDIX III: ENSURING FOOD AID REACHES INTENDEDRECIPIENTS IS IMPORTANT TO AVOID MARKETDISTORTING EFFECT OF FOOD AID -- APPENDIX IV: FOOD DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITIESTO TARGET RECIPIENTS OF FOOD AID -- APPENDIX V: COMMENTS FROM THEU.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION -- GAO COMMENT -- APPENDIX VI: COMMENTS FROM THE U.S. AGENCY FORINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT -- GAO COMMENT -- APPENDIX VII: COMMENTS FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OFAGRICULTURE -- GAO COMMENTS -- RELATED GAO PRODUCTS -- REFERENCES -- FOREIGN ASSISTANCE:MULTIPLE CHALLENGES HINDERTHE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESSOF U.S. FOOD AID* -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- SUMMARY -- BACKGROUND; Countries Provide Food Aid through In-kind or Cash Donations, with theUnited States the Largest Donor -- Most U.S. Food Aid Goes to Africa, with Nonemergency Funding Declining -- U.S. Food Aid Is Delivered through Multiple Programs with Multiple Mandates -- MULTIPLE CHALLENGES HINDER THE EFFICIENCY OFU.S. FOOD AID PROGRAMS -- Various Logistical Factors Increase Delivery Costs and Lengthen TimeFrames -- Monetization Is an Inefficient, Expanding Practice and Agencies' Lack ofElectronic Data Impedes Their Monitoring Ability -- VARIOUS CHALLENGES REDUCETHE EFFECTIVE USE OF FOOD AID -- Challenging Operating Environments Have Hindered Implementation of FoodAid Programs in Recipient Countries -- Impediments to Improving Nutritional Quality Reduce the Benefits of FoodAid -- U.S. Agencies Do Not Sufficiently Monitor Food Aid Programs -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX I: PROGRAM AUTHORITIES -- REFERENCES -- STATEMENT BY JOSETTE SHEERAN, UNWORLDFOOD PROGRAMME, AS SUBMITTED TO THECOMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET, UNITED STATESHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,WEDNESDAY, 30 JULY 2008,WASHINGTON, DC* -- A REVOLUTION IN FOOD AID -- RAMPING UP INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE -- INDEX
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