TY  - BOOK
AU  - Loizeau,Pierre-Marie
TI  - Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2008 To 2018
SN  - 9781607413929
AV  - HJ2051.U54 2009 
PY  - 2008///
CY  - New York
PB  - Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated
KW  - United States--Appropriations and expenditures
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Contents -- Summary -- The Budget Outlook -- Baseline Projections for the 2009-2018 Period -- Changes in the Baseline Budget Outlook Since August -- The Economic Outlook -- Chapter 1: The Budget Outlook -- A Review of 2007 -- The Concept Behind CBO's Baseline Projections -- CBO's Baseline Projections for 2008 to 2018 -- Outlays -- Revenues -- Debt Held by the Public -- Changes in CBO's Baseline Since August 2007 -- Uncertainty and Budget Projections -- Uncertainty of Future Legislative Actions -- Other Sources of Uncertainty -- Federal Debt Held by the Public -- The Long-Term Budget Outlook -- Chapter 2: The Economic Outlook -- The Threat to the Economy From the Turmoil in the Financial Markets -- Problems in Subprime Mortgage Markets -- Spillovers Into Other Financial Markets -- Federal Reserve Actions and Interest Rates -- How the U.S. Subprime-Related Turmoil Has Affected Other Countries -- The Prospect of Slow Economic Growth in the Near Term -- Continued Weakness in the Housing Sector -- A Slowdown in Consumer Spending -- Strengthening of Net Exports -- Steady Growth Projected in Government Purchases -- The Persistent Risk of Higher Inflation -- Indicators of Moderate Inflation: Measures of Resource Constraints and Rents -- Risks of Higher Inflation: Commodity Prices and the Falling Dollar -- The Outlook Through 2018 -- Potential Output -- Inflation, Unemployment, and Interest Rates -- Projections of Income -- Data Problems -- Income Shares -- Changes in the Outlook Since August 2007 -- How CBO's Forecast Compares With Others -- Chapter 3: The Spending Outlook -- Mandatory Spending -- Medicare and Medicaid -- Social Security -- Other Income-Security Programs -- Other Federal Retirement and Disability Programs -- Other Mandatory Spending -- What Causes Growth in Mandatory Spending? -- Offsetting Receipts -- Legislation Assumed in the Baseline; Discretionary Spending -- Recent Trends in Discretionary Funding and Outlays -- Discretionary Spending from 2009 Through 2018 -- Net Interest -- Interest on Debt Held by the Public -- Interest on Intragovernmental Holdings -- Other Interest and Investment Income -- Chapter 4: The Revenue Outlook -- Sources of Revenues -- Historical Perspective -- Projections in Brief -- CBO's Current Revenue Projections in Detail -- Individual Income Taxes -- The Individual Income Tax Base -- The Social Insurance Tax Base -- The Corporate Income Tax Base -- Social Insurance Taxes -- Corporate Income Taxes -- Business Cycles -- Changes to Tax Law -- Inflation -- Average Tax Rates in Recent Years -- Excise Taxes -- Estate and Gift Taxes -- Other Sources of Revenue -- The Effects of Expiring Tax Provisions -- Provisions That Expire in CBO's Baseline Projections -- Expiring Provisions That Are Extended in CBO's Baseline -- Potential Effect of Extending All Expiring Provisions on the CBO Baseline -- Appendix A: Changes in CBO's Baseline Since August 2007 -- Changes in the Budgetary Outlook for Fiscal Year 2008 -- The Effects of Recent Legislation Over the 2008-2017 Period -- Discretionary Spending -- Mandatory Spending -- Revenues -- Net Interest -- The Effects of Economic Changes Over the 2008-2017 Period -- Revenues -- Mandatory Spending -- Discretionary Spending -- Net Interest -- The Effects of Technical Changes Over the 2008-2017 Period -- Mandatory Spending -- Discretionary Spending -- Revenues -- Net Interest -- Appendix B: Trust Funds and Measures of Debt -- Trust Funds -- Measures of Federal Debt -- Gross Federal Debt -- Debt Subject to Limit -- Appendix C: How Changes in Economic Assumptions Can Affect Budget Projections -- Lower Real Growth -- Higher Interest Rates -- Higher Inflation -- Wages and Salaries as a Larger Share of GDP; Appendix D: The Treatment of Federal Receipts and Expenditures in the National Income and Product Accounts -- Conceptual Differences Between the NIPAs' Federal Sector and the Federal Budget -- Differences in Accounting for Major Transactions -- The Measurement of National Saving -- Capital Transfers and Exchanges of Existing Assets -- Credit Programs -- Geographic Coverage -- Universal Service Fund -- Interest Receipts -- Surpluses of Government Enterprises -- Military Sales and Assistance in Kind -- Timing Differences -- Business Activities -- Presentation of the Federal Government's Receipts and Expenditures in the NIPAs -- Appendix E: CBO's Economic Projections for 2008 to 2018 -- Appendix F: Historical Budget Data -- Appendix G: Contributors to the Revenue and Spending Projections -- Revenue Projections -- Spending Projections -- Glossary -- Summary 1. Projected Growth of the U.S. Economy and Federal Spending for Major Mandatory Programs -- Summary 2. Total Revenues and Outlays as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product -- 1-1. The Total Deficit or Surplus as a Share of Gross Domestic Product, 1968 to 2018 -- 1-2. Debt Held by the Public as a Share of Gross Domestic Product, 1940 to 2018 -- 1-3. Uncertainty of CBO's Projections of the Budget Deficit or Surplus Under Current Policies -- 1-4. Projected Federal Spending Over the Long Term -- 2-1. Mortgage Delinquencies -- 2-2. Corporate Bond Yields and Mortgage Rates -- 2-3. Outstanding Amounts of Commercial Paper, by Issuer -- 2-4. Banks' Commercial and Industrial Loans and Investment in Securities -- 2-5. Housing Starts and the Underlying Demand for New Housing -- 2-6. Inflation-Adjusted Prices of Houses -- 2-7. Consumer Expectations -- 2-8. Real Business Fixed Investment -- 2-9. Nominal Trade-Weighted Value of the Dollar -- 2-10. Overall and Core PCE Price Indexes; 2-11. Inflation-Adjusted Price of Crude Oil -- 2-12. Food Price Inflation and Foodstuffs Prices -- 2-13. Total Factor Productivity -- 2-14. Total Labor Income and Wages and Salaries -- 2-15. Domestic Profits and Businesses' Interest Payments -- 3-1. Major Components of Spending, 1968 to 2018 -- 3-2. Caseload Growth in Social Security and Medicare, 1995 to 2018 -- 4-1. Total Revenues as a Share of Gross Domestic Product, 1968 to 2018 -- 4-2. Annual Growth of Federal Revenues and Gross Domestic Product, 1968 to 2018 -- 4-3. Revenues, by Source, as a Share of Gross Domestic Product, 1968 to 2018 -- 4-4. Effects of the Individual Alternative Minimum Tax in CBO's Baseline -- 4-5. Capital Gains Realizations as a Share of Gross Domestic Product, Calendar Years 1954 to 2018 -- B-1. CBO's Baseline Projections of Surpluses in Social Security's Trust Funds -- B-2. CBO's Baseline Projection of Debt Subject to Limit, October 2006 to September 2009 -- Summary 1. CBO's Baseline Budget Outlook -- Summary 2. CBO's Economic Projections for Calendar Years 2008 to 2018 -- 1-1. Projected Deficits and Surpluses in CBO's Baseline -- 1-2. Average Annual Growth Rates of Revenues and Outlays Since 1997 and in CBO's Baseline -- 1-3. CBO's Baseline Budget Projections -- 1-4. Changes in CBO's Baseline Projections of the Deficit Since August 2007 -- 1-5. The Budgetary Effects of Selected Policy Alternatives Not Included in CBO's Baseline -- 1-6. CBO's Baseline Projections of Federal Debt -- 2-1. CBO's Economic Projections for Calendar Years 2008 to 2018 -- 2-2. Key Assumptions in CBO's Projection of Potential Output -- 2-3. CBO's Current and Previous Economic Projections for Calendar Years 2007 to 2017 -- 2-4. Comparison of Economic Forecasts by CBO, the Administration, and the Blue Chip Consensus for Calendar Years 2008 to 2013; 2-5. Comparison of Economic Forecasts by the Federal Reserve and CBO for Calendar Years 2007, 2008, and 2009 -- 3-1. CBO's Projections of Outlays Under Assumptions for the Baseline -- 3-2. Average Annual Rates of Growth in Outlays Since 1997 and Under CBO's Baseline -- 3-3. CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Outlays -- 3-4. Sources of Growth in Mandatory Outlays -- 3-5. CBO's Baseline Projections of Offsetting Receipts -- 3-6. Costs for Mandatory Programs That CBO's Baseline Assumes Will Continue Beyond Their Current Expiration Dates -- 3-7. Defense and Nondefense Discretionary Outlays, 1985 to 2008 -- 3-8. Growth in Discretionary Budget Authority, 2007 to 2008 -- 3-9. Nondefense Discretionary Funding for 2008 -- 3-10. CBO's Projections of Discretionary Spending Under Selected Policy Alternatives -- 3-11. CBO's Baseline Projections of Federal Interest Outlays -- 4-1. CBO's Projections of Revenues -- 4-2. CBO's Projections of Individual Income Tax Receipts and the NIPA Tax Base -- 4-3. Actual and Projected Capital Gains Realizations and Taxes -- 4-4. CBO's Projections of Social Insurance Tax Receipts and the Social Insurance Tax Base -- 4-5. CBO's Projections of Social Insurance Tax Receipts, by Source -- 4-6. CBO's Projections of Corporate Income Tax Receipts and Tax Bases -- 4-7. CBO's Projections of Excise Tax Receipts, by Category -- 4-8. CBO's Projections of Other Sources of Revenue -- 4-9. Effects of Extending Tax Provisions Scheduled to Expire Before 2018 -- A-1. Changes in CBO's Baseline Projections of the Deficit or Surplus Since August 2007 -- A-2. Changes in CBO's Baseline Projections of Discretionary Outlays Since August 2007 -- B-1. CBO's Baseline Projections of Trust Fund Surpluses -- B-2. CBO's Baseline Projections of Federal Debt -- C-1. How Selected Economic Changes Might Affect CBO's Baseline Budget Projections; D-1. Relationship of the Budget to the Federal Sector of the NIPAs
UR  - https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/orpp/detail.action?docID=3018390
ER  -