Intro -- Copyright -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- List of inserts, figures and tables -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 Basic Concepts in Risk Communication in Meteorology and Climatology -- 1.1 Conditions Prior to the Risk Communication Process -- 1.1.1 Self-Presence -- 1.1.2 Tolerance to Ambiguity -- 1.1.3 Valuing Differences -- 1.1.4 Availability -- 1.2 Obstacles in Risk Communication -- 1.2.1 Defense Mechanisms -- 1.2.2 Assumptions and Myths -- 1.2.3 An Antidote: Asking Questions -- 1.3 Moving From the Individual to the Organization -- 1.3.1 Risk Communication Charter -- 1.3.2 An Approach Tailored to Each Municipality or Organization -- 1.3.3 Proposed Amended Charter to Cover Overall Risks -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 2 Common Concepts in Building a Foundation for Effective Communication Between Partners in Meteorological and Climate Risk Communication -- 2.1 Emergency Management -- 2.2 Risk, Hazard, and Vulnerability Concepts -- 2.3 Crisis, Disaster or Catastrophe Concepts -- 2.4 Application to Meteorology and Climatology -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercise -- CHAPTER 3 The Standard Reference Framework for Setting Benchmarks in Meteorological and Climate Risk Communication -- 3.1 What Is an ISO Standard? -- 3.2 Standards 3100 and 31010 -- 3.2.1 Communication Principles of ISO Standard 31000 -- 3.2.2 Risk Management Process -- 3.2.3 Risk Management Process Based on Standard 31000 -- 3.2.4 The Systemic Approach -- 3.2.5 The Systemic Approach and Risk Management -- 3.2.6 Monitoring, Vigilance, Alert, Review -- 3.2.7 Recording the Risk Management and Communication Process -- 3.2.8 Communication and Consultation as Risk Management Methods -- 3.2.9 Scope -- 3.2.10 Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management -- 3.3 Communication Principles According to ISO Standard 31000 and Case Studies. 3.3.1 Why Do Case Studies on Risk Communication? -- 3.3.2 Methodological Challenges in Analyzing Risk Communication -- 3.3.3 The Standard's Principles as Guidelines in Reviewing Case Studies -- 3.3.4 The Richelieu and Calgary Floods -- 3.3.5 The Richelieu Case: Strong Network and Unilateral Communication -- 3.3.6 The Case of the Calgary Floods: An Example of Social Media Integration -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 4 Psychosocial Aspects of Risk Perception and Communication -- 4.1 Unpacking the Concept of Risk: Unpacking the Components -- 4.1.1 Hazards and Consequences -- 4.1.2 Vulnerability: Susceptibility, Sensitivity, Accessibility -- 4.1.3 Timeline of Action: Communication as Prevention -- 4.1.4 Social Ecology of Risk: Individual and Collective Contexts -- 4.1.5 Complexity, Uncertainty and Anticipation -- 4.1.6 Risk Evaluation: Assessment and Perception -- 4.2 Risk Perception: Levers of Communication -- 4.2.1 Cognitive and Emotional Risk Appraisal -- 4.2.2 Heuristics -- 4.2.3 Mental Models -- 4.2.4 Emotional Component -- 4.2.5 Trust, Ethics, Benevolence -- 4.3 Risk Communication: Aiming for Mobilization and Empowerment -- 4.3.1 Strategic Approach -- 4.3.2 Contemporary Paradigm -- 4.3.3 Responsibilities and Evaluation -- 4.3.4 Examples -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 5 Risk Communication Strategy and Stakeholders -- 5.1 Components -- 5.1.1 Preparedness -- 5.1.2 Message Delivery -- 5.1.3 Feedback -- 5.2 The Players in Risk Communication -- 5.2.1 Scientists -- 5.2.2 Technologists -- 5.2.3 Communicators -- 5.2.4 Authorities -- 5.2.5 Managers -- 5.2.6 Media -- 5.2.7 Emergency Responders -- 5.2.8 The Public -- 5.3 Orchestrating Risk Communication Contributions -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 6 Required Skills and Rules of the Art of Risk Communication. 6.1 How to Integrate Communications in Risk Management -- 6.1.1 Timeliness -- 6.1.2 Relevance -- 6.1.3 Control -- 6.1.4 Advice -- 6.1.5 Responsibility or Accountability -- 6.2 Planning Communications -- 6.2.1 What Are The Expected Results? -- 6.2.2 Who Is The Audience? -- 6.2.3 What Needs to be Said to Achieve the Desired Effect? -- 6.2.4 How Is This Accomplished? -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 7 Advice, Reflections, and Testimonials of a Communicator "At the End of the Tunnel" in Risk Communication -- 7.1 Communications: Integral Part of Our Lives -- 7.2 Importance of Customer Segmentation -- 7.3 The Truth Is Always the Best! -- 7.4 Credibility: A Critical Component -- 7.5 Media Relations: The Thorn in the Side of Many Scientists and Other Experts -- 7.6 Interviews -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 8 The Multidimensional Limitations of Risk Communication -- 8.1 Scientific Limitations -- 8.2 Technological Limitations -- 8.3 Organizational Limitations -- 8.3.1 Priorities -- 8.3.2 Structures -- 8.3.3 Human Resources -- 8.3.4 Financial Resources -- 8.4 Institutional and Political Limitations -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 9 Managing Communications in a Crisis Situation in the Age of Social Networks -- 9.1 A Known Accelerated Diffusion Curve in Public Relations -- 9.2 Managing Mediatization in a Context of Multiple Media Platforms -- 9.3 Addition of Web Platforms, then Social Networks -- 9.4 Harmonizing Communications by Conveying them Via "Omnichannels" -- 9.5 Organizing Communications to Respond to Safety Issues -- 9.6 Raising Awareness in Senior Leaders About the Role of Social Media in a Crisis -- 9.7 Living With Freedom of Expression and Expecting the Opposite -- 9.8 Equipping the Organization's Spokesperson for Social Networks -- 9.9 Trend Towards Omnichannel Crisis Communications. Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 10 Data Science and Perception of Natural and Climate Risks: An Analysis of Twitter Conversations -- 10.1 Guiding Principles for Analyzing Twitter Conversations -- 10.1.1 Characteristics of Twitter Users and Posted Messages -- 10.1.2 Why Is Analyzing Twitter Conversations Relevant? -- 10.1.3 Collecting Twitter Posts -- 10.1.4 Analysis of Twitter Posts -- 10.1.5 Sentiment Analysis in Twitter Posts: Positive or Negative? -- 10.2 Example of The Analysis of Real-Time Twitter Conversations During the 2015 Canadian Federal Elections (#globaldebate and #polcan2015) -- 10.3 Twitter Alerts in Disaster or Severe Weather Event Prevention -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 11 Social Media in Emergency Management (SMEM): Adopting the Public Response -- 11.1 Social Media During a Meteorological Crisis -- 11.2 SMEM: Use of Social Media in Emergency Management (Hurricane Sandy, a Case Study) -- 11.2.1 Birth of the Concept -- 11.2.2 SMEM: Assuming a Role Before, During, and After an Emergency -- 11.2.3 A Place For the Public-Actor -- 11.2.4 Hurricane Sandy -- 11.2.5 Characteristics and Impact Zone Promoting Heavy Use of SMEM/MSGU -- 11.2.6 Resilience Through SMEM -- 11.2.7 Organizing the Authorities' SMEM Responses -- 11.2.8 Avenues of Improvement for a More Effective SMEM -- 11.3 Post-Crisis Period For a Meteorological Event -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 12 The Effects of Meteorological and Climate Risks on Health -- 12.1 Cardio-Protection: Weather to Cardio -- 12.1.1 Direct Human Morbidity -- 12.1.2 Indirect Human Mortality -- 12.2 Public Health Indices and the Weather -- 12.3 Climate and Health: Major Health Organizations Speak Out -- 12.4 The Cost of Climate Change -- 12.5 Fossil Fuels and Health -- 12.6 Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC). 12.7 A Clear and Standardized Definition: Air Quality Index -- 12.7.1 What to Do When the AQI Is Above 50? -- 12.7.2 What Happens in Large Cities? -- 12.8 Health Outcomes of Anti-Pollution Measures -- 12.9 Pollution Peak or Chronic Pollution? -- 12.10 Urban Design and Weather -- 12.11 Zoonoses and Acts of God -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 13 Changing Behaviours When Dealing With Climate Risks: From Information to Collective Action or From Nudge to Living Lab -- 13.1 Change Through Anticipation: A Major Challenge! -- 13.2 A History of Risk Management? -- 13.3 Individual Change: A Vast and Complex Territory -- 13.4 Changing Behaviour Through Close Contact? -- 13.5 Communication as a Tool for Individual Change -- 13.6 Use Non-Technical Language, Inform, Repeat x 3 -- 13.7 Using the Nudge -- 13.8 Getting Involved in Awareness Activities -- 13.9 Communication as a Driver of Individual Change -- 13.10 Using Collaboration and Change Workshops -- 13.11 Organizing Living Labs -- 13.12 The Role of Different Actors in Change -- 13.13 Thinking of Change in Terms of Leadership and Openness to New Ideas -- Conclusion -- References -- Exercises -- CHAPTER 14 Systemic Approach in Meteorological and Climate Risk Communication -- 14.1 Danger: The Common Denominator in a Systemic Approach in Risk Communication -- 14.1.1 Collaboration of All Actors Involved -- 14.1.2 Initial Science-Based Analysis -- 14.1.3 Field Communication of the Scientific Analysis -- 14.1.4 Integrating Field Feedback Into the Scientific Analysis for Public Information -- 14.1.5 Understanding Public Perception During Alerts, to Better Develop Messaging -- 14.1.6 New Analysis Integrating Scientific Aspects and Perceptions by Integrating New Data: Feedback from Experience -- 14.1.7 Return to Dialogue Between Partners -- 14.2 Thoughts on a Systemic Approach -- Conclusion. References.
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