TY  - BOOK
AU  - Ghose,Ajit K.
AU  - Majid,Nomaan
AU  - Ernst,Christoph
TI  - Global Employment Challenge
SN  - 9789221203063
AV  - HD5713 -- .G49 2008eb 
U1  - 331.1 
PY  - 2008///
CY  - Washington
PB  - International Labour Office
KW  - Manpower policy
KW  - Labor supply -- Statistics
KW  - Unemployment
KW  - Labor market
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - COVER -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 1  INTRODUCTION -- APPENDIX -- 2  WORLD LABOUR FORCE STRUCTURE AND ITS EVOLUTION -- 2.1 Structure and characteristics -- 2.2 The main trends -- 2.3 Future outlook -- 3  GLOBALIZATION IN ANUNEQUAL WORLD -- 3.1 Asymmetric distribution of productive resources -- 3.2 Capital flows and investment in developingcountries -- 3.3 Labour flows and supply of labour and skills indeveloping countries -- 4  PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT INDEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- 4.1 The nature of employment and unemployment indeveloping countries -- 4.2 Assessing the employment situation in adeveloping country -- 4.3 The current state of employment -- 4.4 Recent trends -- 4.5 Economic growth and employment -- 4.6 Employment effects of capital inflow and tradegrowth -- 4.7 Policy challenges -- 5  THE EMPLOYMENT-POVERTY INTERFACE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- 5.1 Reducing global poverty -- 5.2 Did poverty decline in the 1990s? -- 5.3 Economic growth and poverty reduction -- 5.4 The employment-poverty interface -- 5.5 Trade growth and the poor -- 5.6 Policies for poverty reduction -- 6  PERSISTENT EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES -- 6.1 Employment and unemployment in developed countries -- 6.2 Persisting trends -- 6.3 Finding explanations -- 6.4 The labour market reforms of the 1990s and their effects -- 6.5 Policies for the future -- 7  SYSTEMIC TRANSITION AND JOB CRISIS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES -- 7.1 The current state of employment -- 7.2 Recent trends -- 7.3 Explaining the trends -- 7.4 Policy challenges -- 8  EMPLOYMENT DRIFT IN COUNTRIES OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES -- 8.1 Overall employment situation and its evolution -- 8.2 Identifying the drivers -- 8.3 Policy perspective -- 9  A SUMMING-UP -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Boxes -- Box 2.1 Women's labour force participation: India, 2000; Box 2.2 Religion, culture and women's labour force participation -- Box 2.3 Skill, education and employment: India, 2000 -- Box 2.4 Demographic transition -- Box 2.5 Population and labour force ageing -- Box 3.1 Does foreign aid help poor countries? -- Box 3.2 Data on international migration -- Box 3.3 High-skilled migrants and remittances -- Box 4.1 Formal and non-formal segments -- Box 4.2 Surplus labour -- Box 4.3 How does the labour market work in a dual economy? -- Box 4.4 Identifying formal and non-formal segments -- Box 4.5 Dualism within sectors: Brazil and India -- Box 4.6 The skill gap between formal and non-formal segments -- Box 4.7 Unemployment rate: Nature of the data -- Box 4.8 Unemployment in South Africa -- Box 4.9 Chronic unemployment rate as a measure of queuing:India and Brazil -- Box 4.10 Job queuing and gender: India and Brazil -- Box 4.11 Formal employment in China in the 1990s -- Box 5.1 Strategies for poverty reduction: The shift in focus -- Box 5.2 Counting the poor -- Box 5.3 Economic growth and poverty: Some other evidence -- Box 5.4 Poverty and output per worker in the non-formal segment -- Box 5.5 Trade orientation, economic growth and poverty -- Box 5.6 Trade growth and output per worker in non-formal segment -- Box 5.7 Trade growth and poverty reduction: China's experience -- Box 6.1 Level of education and non-standard employment -- Box 6.1 Level of education and non-standard employment (continued) -- Box 6.2 Earnings inequality -- Box 6.3 Explaining unemployment: Macroeconomic shocks and labour market institutions -- Box 6.4 OECD recommendations for labour market reforms -- Box 6.5 Offshoring and employment -- Box 7.1 Labour market institutions in CEE countries -- Box 8.1 Emigration from CIS countries -- Box 8.2 The output fall in CIS countries -- Tables -- 2.1 Global labour force, 1980-2007; 2.2 Labour force by country group, 2003 -- 2.3 Female labour force by country group, 2003 -- 2.4 Distribution of labour force by age group and gender, 2003 -- 2.5 Distribution of young workers, older workers and total labour forceby country group, 2003 -- 2.6 Educational attainment by gender and country group, 2000 -- 2.7 Distribution of unskilled, skilled and total labour forceby country group, 2000 -- 2.8 Growth of world labour force, 1990-2003 -- 2.9 Labour force participation rate by country group, 1990-2003 -- 2.10 Population growth, labour force participation and incidence ofHIV/AIDS, selected countries, 1980-2003 -- 2.11 Share of females in labour force, 1990-2003 -- 2.12 Labour force participation rate, male and female, 1990-2003 -- 2.13 Age structure of labour force, 1990-2003 -- 2.14 Educational attainment of the labour force, 1990-2000 -- 2.15 Gender disparity in education, 1990 and 2000 -- 3.1 Distribution of productive resources by country group, 1990-2000 -- 3.2 Investment per worker and skill per worker: Developed versus developing countries, 1990-2000 -- 3.3 Net foreign capital inflow as share of GDP, selected countries, 1990-2003 -- 3.4 Saving and investment as share of GDP, selected countries, 1990-2003 -- 3.5 Migrants as share of total population, 1960-2005 -- 3.6 Adult migrants from developing to developed countries as share of adult population of developing countries, 2000 -- 3.7 Distribution of countries by incidence of migration to developed countries, 2000 -- 3.8 Distribution of countries by incidence of brain drain, 2000 -- 4.1 Dual economy indicators, ca. 2003 -- 4.2 Distribution of total employment by employment status, ca. 2003 -- 4.3 Value added per worker in non-formal segment, ca. 2003 -- 4.4 Unemployment rate, 2003 -- 4.5 Ranking by employment situation, selected countries, 2003 -- 4.6 Gender disparity in employment; 4.7 Trends in employment situation, selected countries -- 4.8 Trends in two employment indicators, selected countries -- 4.9 Trends in gender disparity, 1990s -- 4.10 Growth of output and employment in formal segment, 1990s -- 4.11 Trade performance, selected economies, 1990s -- 5.1 Poverty in the developing world, 1990s -- 6.1 Employment and unemployment, 2003 -- 6.2 Labour force participation rate in developed countries, 2003 -- 6.3 Composite Employment Indicator (CEI) estimates, 2003 -- 6.4 Key employment indicators by gender, 2003 -- 6.5 Gender disparity in employment, 2003 -- 6.6 Employment, unemployment and level of education, 2003 -- 6.7 Labour force participation by gender and level of education, 2003 -- 6.8 Labour force participation rate by gender, 1991-93 and 2001-03 -- 6.9 Rate of unemployment by level of education, 1997 and 2003 -- 6.10 Growth of labour force by level of education, 1997-2003 -- 6.11 Economic growth and the labour market, 1991-2003 -- 6.12 Growth of output and employment by sector, 1991-2003 -- 6.13 Changes in the unemployment benefit system, 1994-2001 -- 7.1 Employment and unemployment in Central and Eastern European countries, 2004 -- 7.2 Overall employment situation, 2004 -- 7.3 Employment profile by gender, 2004 -- 7.4 Gender disparity in employment, 2004 -- 7.5 Unemployment and labour force participation by level of education, 2004 -- 7.6 Growth and recovery, 1990-2004 -- 7.7 Change in employment profile, 1994-2004 -- 7.8 Change in overall employment situation, ca. 1997-2004 -- 7.9 Change in gender disparity in employment, ca. 1997-2004 -- 7.10 Unemployment by level of education, ca. 1997-2004 -- 7.11 Growth of labour force by level of education, ca. 1997-2004 -- 7.12 Economic growth and employment, ca. 1994-2004 -- 7.13 Employment growth by sector, ca. 1994-2004; 7.14 Growth of working-age population by level of education, ca. 1996-2004 -- 7.15 Emigration to developed countries by level of education, period up to 2001 -- 7.16 Growth of output and labour productivity by sector, ca. 1994-2004 -- 8.1 Employment and unemployment in countries of the Commonwealthof Independent States (CIS), 2004 -- 8.2 Employment levels, 1990-2004 -- 8.3 Growth in employment by sector, 1992-2000 -- 8.4 Growth in labour productivity by sector, 1992-2000 -- 8.5 Key indicators of employment situation in CIS countries, selected years, 1992-2004 -- 8.6 Real GDP, selected years, 1990-2004 -- 8.7 Growth in GDP and employment by sector, 2000-04 -- Figures -- Figure 2.1 Labour force participation rates by country group, 2003 -- Figure 2.2 Labour force participation rate and level of economic development, 2003 -- Figure 2.3 Labour force participation rates by gender, 2003 -- Figure 2.4 Labour force participation rate (male and female) by level of economic development, 2003 -- Figure 2.5 Average age of labour force, 2003 -- Figure 2.6 Average years of education and level of economic development, 2000 -- Figure 2.7 Gender disparity in education and level of economic development, 2000 -- Figure 2.8 Average annual growth rates of total and working-age population by country group, 1990-2003 -- Figure 2.9 Population growth and level of economic development,1990-2003 -- Figure 4.1 Unemployment rate and incidence of self-employment,ca. 2003 -- Figure 4.2 Unemployment rate and level of economic development, ca. 2003 -- Figure 4.3 Gender disparity in unemployment and in irregular wage employment, ca. 2003 -- Figure 4.4 Gender disparity in unemployment and in self-employment, ca. 2003 -- Figure 4.5 Employment situation and level of economic development,ca. 2003 -- Figure 4.6 Economic growth and employment situation, 1990s; Figure 4.7 Trade growth and formal employment, 1990s
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