The Israeli-Egyptian Peace Process in the Reporting of Western Journalists.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (231 pages)
- Civic Discourse for the Third Millennium Series .
- Civic Discourse for the Third Millennium Series .
Cover -- THE ISRAELI-EGYPTIAN PEACE PROCESS IN THE REPORTING OF WESTERN JOURNALISTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION -- MEMOIRS FROM THE 1967 WAR -- MEMOIRS FROM THE 1973 WAR -- MEMOIRS FROM THE 1978 CAMP DAVID ACCORD -- MEMOIRS FROM THE OSLO ACCORDS -- MEMOIRS FROM LEBANON -- MEMOIRS FROM BAGHDAD DURING THE GULF WAR -- 1 HISTORICAL VIEW -- WHAT IS THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT? -- A BACKGROUND OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT -- THE FOUNDATION OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL -- THE 1956 WAR -- THE FOUNDATION OF THE PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION -- THE 1967 WAR -- SECRET NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN ISRAEL AND JORDAN -- THE 1973 WAR -- STEPS TOWARD PEACE -- ISRAELI-EGYPTIAN PEACE TREATY -- ISRAELI-EGYPTIAN BILATERAL RELATIONS -- DOES PEACE MEAN NORMALIZATION? -- FROZEN COMMUNICATION -- THE INTIFADA -- ARAFAT AT THE SECURITY COUNCIL -- CONCLUSION -- 2 OSLO AND AFTER -- OSLO ACCORDS -- EGYPT'S REACTIONS TO THE OSLO ACCORDS -- TERMINATION OF THE PEACE PROCESS -- EGYPT'S REACTIONS TO NETANYAHU'S POLICIES -- WYE RIVER PLANTATION AGREEMENT -- BARAK REPLACES NETANYAHU -- CAMP DAVID 2000 -- THE NEW INTIFADA -- EGYPT'S REACTIONS TO THE NEW INTIFADA -- ASSESSMENT OF THE AMERICAN ROLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT -- ASSESSMENT OF THE SOVIET ROLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT -- SHARON BECOMES PRIME MINISTER OF ISRAEL -- EGYPT CONTINUES ITS PEACE EFFORTS -- CONCLUSION -- 3 ARABS AND ISRAELIS IN THE WESTERN NEWS MEDIA: IMAGES AND STEREOTYPES -- WHAT IS AN IMAGE? -- STEREOTYPICAL IMAGES OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT IN THE COVERAGE OF THE WESTERN NEWS MEDIA -- DIVERSITY OF MIDDLE EASTERN CULTURES -- ISLAM: A RELIGION AND A WAY OF LIFE -- MISREPRESENTATION OF THE ARAB AND ISLAMIC CULTURES -- STILL, SOME BALANCE IN THE WESTERN MEDIA COVERAGE -- A MORE POSITIVE IMAGE OF THE PALESTINIANS AFTER THE OSLO ACCORD. WHY CAN REALITY ABOUT THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT BE DISTORTED BY THE U.S. MEDIA? -- The Media Reality -- The American Reality -- The Middle East Reality -- Personal Biases -- PREJUDICES BY THE ARABS AND THE ISRAELIS -- REMEDIES TO THE DISTORTED MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT -- Values -- Ethnocentrism -- Balance between Arab and Israeli Viewpoints -- CONCLUSION -- 4 THE ISRAELI AND EGYPTIAN CULTURES:AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS -- CULTURAL UNIVERSALS (DIALOGUE) VERSUS CULTURAL RELATIVISM (CRITICISM) -- Cultural Universals (Dialogists) -- Cultural Relativism (Critics) -- Integrating Cultural Universals and Cultural Relativism -- CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE EGYPTIAN CULTURE -- A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE ISRAELI CULTURE -- CONCLUSION -- 5 AN "INSIDER" IN EGYPT -- AN "OUTSIDER" IN ISRAEL -- MY LIFE IN EGYPT -- AN "ARAB MIND-SET" -- INVOLVEMENT IN EGYPT -- DETACHMENT FROM ISRAEL -- IMPORTANT REMARKS -- PREPARING FOR THE VISIT -- UPON ARRIVAL -- IN TEL AVIV -- GOOD TIMING -- ISRAELIS ARE "HUMANS" -- LIVING WITH AN ISRAELI FAMILY -- SECURITY PARANOIA -- GHOST CITY -- EAST JERUSALEM VERSUS WEST JERUSALEM -- PRAYING AT AL AQSA MOSQUE -- EASY ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS -- DEPARTURE FROM ISRAEL -- CONCLUSION -- 6 THE CULTURE OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS -- WHO IS A FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT? -- FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS AND INTERCULTURAL JOURNALISM -- FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS AND PERSONAL BIASES -- THE CULTURAL FUNCTIONING OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS -- FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS AND ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES -- ARE FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS BETTER THAN DOMESTIC REPORTERS? -- FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS AND LANGUAGES -- FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS AND DANGER -- HOW LONG SHOULD A FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT STAY IN A PLACE? -- CAN FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS REACH THE BURNOUT STAGE? -- CONCLUSION. 7 CORRESPONDENTS' DEMOGRAPHICS AND THEIR PROFESSIONAL ROLES -- CORRESPONDENTS' GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS -- CORRESPONDENTS AND EDUCATION -- CORRESPONDENTS AND AGE -- CORRESPONDENTS' FORMAL AND INFORMAL NETWORKS -- DEMOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF CORRESPONDENTS IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- CORRESPONDENTS' PROFESSIONAL ROLES -- CONCLUSION -- 8 HYPOTHESES FOR ANALYZING THE RECENT REPORTING AND VIEWS OF WESTERN JOURNALISTS FOR THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT -- WHY ONLY WESTERN JOURNALISTS? -- THE SURVEY -- CENSUS -- PILOT STUDY -- RESPONSE RATE -- RESEARCH QUESTIONS -- HYPOTHESES -- CONCLUSION -- 9 THE INTERVIEW PROCESS AND THE NEWS MEDIA SCENES IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- OBSTACLES IN CONTACTING CORRESPONDENTS -- INTERVIEW PROCEDURES -- THE NEWS MEDIA SCENE IN EGYPT -- THE NEWS MEDIA SCENE IN ISRAEL -- CONCLUSION -- 10 GOVERNMENT-MEDIA RELATIONSHIPS AND DIRECT CENSORSHIP IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- GOVERNMENT-MEDIA RELATIONSHIP AND ACCESS TO INFORMATION -- DIRECT CENSORSHIP IN EGYPT -- DIRECT CENSORSHIP IN ISRAEL -- CONCLUSION -- 11 THE NEWSMAKING MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT-MEDIA RELATIONSHIPS IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- NEWSMAKING MODEL -- REPORTERS' BEATS -- REPORTERS AND OFFICIALS -- INFORMATION LEAKS -- REPORTERS' ASSIMILATION -- WHO HAS THE UPPER HAND: REPORTERS OR OFFICIALS? -- INFORMATION SUBSIDIES -- THE PRESS HAS POWER OVER OFFICIALS -- REPORTERS' CRITERIA IN SELECTING INFORMATION -- NORMS AND PRACTICE IN JOURNALISM -- GOVERNMENT-PRESS RELATIONSHIP IN EGYPT -- GOVERNMENT-PRESS RELATIONSHIP IN ISRAEL -- CONCLUSION -- 12 THE PUBLIC RELATIONS ASYMMETRIC MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT-PRESS RELATIONSHIPS IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- WHAT ARE PUBLIC RELATIONS? -- PUBLIC RELATIONS MODELS -- THE TWO-WAY ASYMMETRIC MODEL -- PRESS CONFERENCE -- "BACKGROUNDER" -- PRESS RELEASE -- PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICERS -- GOVERNMENTAL PUBLIC RELATIONS IN EGYPT. GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ISRAEL -- CONCLUSION -- 13 A PERSONAL ASSESSMENT OF NEWSMAKING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ASYMMETRIC MODELS IN THE CONTEXT OF GOVERNMENT-PRESS RELATIONSHIPS IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- CONCLUSION -- 14 AN ANALYSIS OF NEWSMAKING AND ASYMMETRIC MODELS IN THE RECENT REPORTING OF WESTERN JOURNALISTS ON THE ISRAELI-EGYPTIAN PEACE PROCESS -- NEWS-MAKING ROLES -- JOURNALISTS' EDUCATIONAL LEVELS AND THEIR INVESTIGATIVE ROLES -- HOW CREDIBLE ARE ISRAELI AND EGYPTIAN OFFICIALS IN WESTERN JOURNALISTS' EYES? -- JOURNALISTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE ACCESSIBILITY OF ISRAELI AND EGYPTIAN OFFICIALS -- JOURNALISTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE AMOUNT OF LEAKS RELEASED BY ISRAELI AND EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENTS -- JOURNALISTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE LEGITIMACY OF USING SECURITY BY ISRAEL AND EGYPT TO WITHHOLD INFORMATION -- JOURNALISTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE FREQUENCY OF USING SECURITY TO JUSTIFY WITHHOLDING INFORMATION IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- WESTERN JOURNALISTS AND INFORMAL SOURCES IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- IMPLICATIONS OF CORRESPONDENTS' RESPONSES IN THE CONTEXT OF NEWSMAKING AND ASYMMETRIC MODELS -- CONCLUSION -- 15 AN ANALYSIS OF THE CULTURAL IMPACT ON THE REPORTING OF WESTERN JOURNALISTS IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- WESTERN JOURNALISTS AND LANGUAGE -- WESTERN JOURNALISTS AND RELIGION -- NATIONALITY RATHER THAN RELIGION -- ISRAEL: A HEAVEN FOR WESTERN JOURNALISTS -- EGYPT: SOME SUSPICION OF WESTERN JOURNALISTS -- DOES CULTURAL FAMILIARITY AFFECT JOURNALISTIC ROLES? -- JOURNALISTS' LENGTH OF STAY AND CULTURAL FAMILIARITY -- AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENTS: ARE THEY DIFFERENT IN THEIR REPORTING ON ISRAEL? -- IMPLICATIONS OF THE CORRESPONDENTS' RESPONSES IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL FAMILIARITY -- A WEALTH OF INFORMATION -- CONCLUSION -- EPILOGUE: LESSONS LEARNED -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDICES. APPENDIX A: WESTERN CORRESPONDENTS' DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUNDS IN ISRAEL AND EGYPT -- APPENDIX B: A QUESTIONNAIRE -- APPENDIX C: TERMS, DEFINITIONS, AND QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.