Cancer Treatment and the Ovary : Clinical and Laboratory Analysis of Ovarian Toxicity.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (164 pages)
Front Cover -- Cancer Treatment and the Ovary -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Introduction -- I. Clinical -- 1 Ovarian Follicle Biology and the Basis for Gonadotoxicity -- 1.1 Overview of Ovarian Function -- 1.2 Ovarian Development -- 1.3 Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Primordial Follicle Activation -- 1.4 Local Control of Early Follicle Development -- 1.5 Endocrine Control of Later Follicle Development -- 1.6 Reproductive Lifespan and the Ovarian Primordial Follicle Reserve -- 1.7 Germ Cell Sensitivity to Cell Death -- 1.8 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Relevant Cancer Diagnoses, Commonly Used Chemotherapy Agents and Their Biochemical Mechanisms of Action -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Impact of Radiotherapy on Future Female Fertility -- 2.3 Impact of Chemotherapy on Future Female Fertility -- 2.4 Mechanisms of Action of the Commonly Used Chemotherapy Drugs -- 2.4.1 Alkylating Agents -- 2.4.2 Antimetabolites -- 2.4.3 Antitumour Antibiotics -- 2.4.4 Mitotic Inhibitors -- 2.4.5 Platinum Drugs -- 2.4.6 Topoisomerase Inhibitors -- 2.4.7 High-Dose Chemotherapy -- 2.4.8 Targeted Therapies -- References -- 3 Clinical Assessment of Ovarian Toxicity -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Use of Chemotherapy-Related Amenorrhoea -- 3.3 Biomarkers of the Ovarian Reserve -- 3.4 AMH and Determination of Gonadotoxicity -- 3.4.1 After Chemotherapy -- 3.4.2 Prospective Analyses -- 3.4.3 Measurement of AMH -- 3.4.4 AMH in Paediatric Oncology -- 3.4.5 AMH and Prediction of Reproductive Lifespan and Fertility -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 4 The Current Understanding of Clinical Data on Ovarian Toxicity from Cancer Treatment -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Risk Factors for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency After Chemotherapy -- 4.2.1 Age -- 4.2.2 Type of Chemotherapy -- 4.2.3 Combined Treatment Protocols. 4.2.3.1 Breast Cancer -- 4.2.3.2 Hodgkin Lymphoma -- 4.2.3.3 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma -- 4.2.3.4 Leukaemia -- 4.2.3.5 Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for the Preservation of Ovarian Function -- 4.3 How do Chemotherapeutics Damage The Ovary? -- 4.4 The Relevance of BRCA Mutations to Ovarian Damage After Chemotherapy -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- II. Laboratory Models -- 5 In Vivo Models of Ovarian Toxicity -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Rodent Models of Chemotherapy-Induced Follicular Depletion and Ovoprotection -- 5.2.1 Chemotherapy-Induced Follicular Depletion -- 5.2.2 Cell-Type Specificity of Chemotherapy Toxicity -- 5.2.3 Ovarian Toxicity Lessons from Ovoprotection Studies -- 5.2.4 Rodent Studies of Ovarian Chemotherapy Toxicity Compared to Data from Clinical Studies -- 5.2.5 Transgenerational Toxicity of Chemotherapy -- 5.3 Primate Models of Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Toxicity and Ovoprotection -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 In Vitro Models of Ovarian Toxicity -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Why Use Culture Systems? -- 6.3 What Culture Systems are Available? -- 6.4 Human and other Primate Model Studies of Ovarian Chemotherapy Toxicity -- 6.5 Rodent Model Studies of Ovarian Chemotherapy Toxicity -- 6.6 Ovarian Cell Culture Techniques in Chemotherapy Studies -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- III. Strategies to Protect the Ovary -- 7 Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation for Fertility Preservation -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation -- 7.3 Transplantation of Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue -- 7.4 Outcome of Transplantations -- 7.5 Longevity of Grafts -- 7.6 Risk of Re-Implanting Malignant Cells -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Current Clinical Approaches to Protecting the Ovary: GnRH Analogues -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Distribution and Roles of the GnRH/GnRH Receptor System -- 8.2.1 GnRH -- 8.2.2 GnRH Receptor. 8.2.3 GnRH and GnRHR Expression in the Ovary -- 8.2.4 Direct Effect of GnRH in the Ovary -- 8.3 GnRH Agonists -- 8.4 GnRH Agonist Co-treatment with Chemotherapy for the Protection of the Ovary -- 8.4.1 Animal Studies -- 8.4.2 Early Non-Randomized Studies in Human -- 8.4.3 Randomized Clinical Trials in Women -- 8.4.4 Meta-Analysis -- 8.5 Suggested Mechanisms of Gonadotoxic Protection by GnRH Agonists -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Preclinical Approaches to the Protection of Ovarian Function -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Ovarian Protection by Affecting Apoptotic Pathways -- 9.2.1 Imatinib -- 9.2.2 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate -- 9.2.3 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor -- 9.2.4 Thyroid Hormone (T3) -- 9.2.5 Tamoxifen -- 9.3 PI3K Follicle Activation Pathway and Ovary Protection -- 9.3.1 AS101 -- 9.4 Other Potential Methods of Reducing Chemotherapy-Induced Ovotoxicity -- 9.4.1 Interference with Transport: Bortezomib -- 9.4.2 Upregulation of Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1) -- 9.4.3 Drug Encapsulation -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References.