Microaggression Theory : Influence and Implications.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (392 pages)
Intro -- Microaggression Theory -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Editors -- About the Authors -- Part I Microaggression Theory -- 1 Everything You Wanted to Know About Microaggressions but Didn't Get a Chance to Ask -- Defining Microaggressions -- Myths About Microaggressions -- Impact of Microaggressions -- Intervention and Prevention -- 2 Aversive Racism, Implicit Bias, and Microaggressions -- Aversive Racism and Implicit Bias -- Aversive Racism, Implicit Bias, and Interracial Interaction -- Health and Healthcare Interactions -- Aversive Racism, Implicit Bias, and Microaggressions: Integration -- Future Directions in Research on Subtle Bias and Microaggressions -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Multidimensional Models of Microaggressions and Microaffirmations -- Introduction -- Multidimensional Perspectives on Racism -- Multidimensional Model of Racism (MMR) -- Critical Race Theory (CRT) -- Psychological CRT -- Counterstories of Microaggressions and Microaffirmations -- The Tell It Like It Is Project -- Conclusions and Implications -- References -- 4 Intersectionality Theory and Microaggressions: Implications for Research, Teaching, and Practice -- Herstory of Intersectionality Theory -- Intersectional Approaches in Psychology -- Intersections of Race and Gender Microaggressions -- Intersections of Race and Sexual Orientation Microaggressions -- Intersections of Race and Social Class Microaggressions -- Intersections of Race and Religious Microaggressions -- Summary -- Recommendations for Research, Teaching, and Clinical Practice -- Intersectional Microaggressions and Future Research -- Intersectional Microaggressions and Teaching -- Intersectional Microaggressions in Therapy -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Detrimental Impact of Microaggressions -- 5 Microaggressions: Clinical Impact and Psychological Harm. Psychological Harm of Microaggressions: A Review of the Research -- Observing Microaggressions: Was That Racist? -- Clinical Impacts of Microaggressions -- A New Way Forward: Therapists Multicultural Orientation -- Summary -- References -- 6 Microaggressions: Considering the Framework of Psychological Trauma -- Defining Microaggressions -- Microaggression Trauma -- Critique of the Trauma Lens for Understanding Racist Incidents -- Contemporary Relevance of Microaggression Trauma -- Clinical Implications -- Policy -- Future Directions -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Factors Contributing to Microaggressions, Racial Battle Fatigue, Stereotype Threat, and Imposter Phenomenon for Nonhegemonic Students: Implications for Urban Education -- Introduction and Review of Key Terms -- Students in the Classroom -- Teaching and Teacher Education -- Case Study: An Invitation to Speak at an Urban Charter School -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Microaggressions and Internalized Oppression: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Institutional Impacts of "Internalized Microaggressions" -- Microaggressions -- Internalized Oppression -- Internalized Microaggressions -- Clinical and Community Impacts of Internalized Microaggressions -- References -- 9 "I Didn't Know That Was Racist": Costs of Racial Microaggressions to White People -- The Socioeconomic Context in Which Whites Perpetrate Racial Microaggressions -- The Psychosocial Benefits of a White-Privileging Racialized Social System -- Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites -- Costs of Racism to Whites and Racial Microaggressions -- Insensitive and Afraid Type -- Oblivious Type -- Fearful Guilt Type -- Empathic but Unaccountable Type -- Antiracist Type -- Two Racial Microaggressions Scenarios -- Scenario: Stupid White Man -- Scenario: Microaggressions on a Plane -- Implications -- Research -- Education and Training. Conclusion -- References -- Part III Manifestation of Microaggressions -- 10 The 360-Degree Experience of Workplace Microaggressions: Who Commits Them? How Do Individuals Respond? What Are the Consequences? -- Microaggressions in Pre-employment -- Microaggressions in the Workplace -- Microaggressions from above: supervisors -- Microaggressions from below: subordinates -- Microaggressions from the side: coworkers -- Responding to Microaggressions in the Workplace -- Proximal Responses: Cognitive and Emotional Labor -- Distal Responses: Performance Domain -- Distal Responses: Social Domain -- Consequences of Microaggressions -- Organizational Buffers against Microaggressions -- References -- 11 Microaggressions: Toxic Rain in Health Care -- Individual Determinants of Health -- Structural Sociodemographic Determinants of Health -- Sociocultural Determinants of Health -- Microaggressions and Health Outcomes -- Microaggressions in Health Care -- The Psychological Hazards of Microaggressions -- Recommendations -- Culturally Responsive Research and Scholarship -- Culturally Responsive Health-Care Service -- Workforce Diversity -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 From Racial Microaggressions to Hate Crimes: A Model of Online Racism Based on the Lived Experiences of Adolescents of Color -- Overview of Current Conceptualizations of Online Racism -- Definitions and Current Research on Three Types of Online Racism -- Online Racial Microaggressions -- Online Racial Discrimination -- Online Hate Crimes -- Assessing Online Racism -- A Model of Online Racism -- Online Racial Microaggressions -- Online Racial Discrimination -- Online Hate Crimes -- Implications for Youth Development -- Future Directions -- References -- 13 Environmental Microaggressions: Context, Symbols, and Mascots -- Context of First Nations Cultural Misappropriation in American Society. Native-Themed Mascots, Nicknames, and Logos in Sports -- Native-Themed Sports Logos: Societally Embedded Visual Microaggressions -- Sports Mascots: We Are the Indians! -- Psychological Dilemmas of Responding -- Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Microaggressions and Social Policies and Practices -- 14 Microaggressions and Student Activism: Harmless Impact and Victimhood Controversies -- Microaggression Discourse in Higher Education -- The Microaggression Backlash -- Harmless Impact Controversy -- Microaggressions versus Nongroup-Based Incivilities -- Victimhood Controversy -- Power and Privilege: The Lack of an Equal Status Relationship -- Implications: Free Speech, Safe Spaces, and Trigger Warnings -- References -- 15 "Radical by Necessity, Not by Choice": From Microaggressions to Social Activism -- Whats Your Issue? -- Building the Advisory Board/Designing a National Participatory Survey -- Preliminary Analyses of Precarity, Microaggressions, and Survivance -- The Paths from Oppression to Activism -- Claiming Self/Celebrating Transgression -- Speaking Back to Those Who Oppress: Challenging Cis-Tems of Dispossession and Humiliation -- Embodying Activisms/Embracing Solidarities -- Theorizing "Conversion Strategies": Metabolizing Oppression into Activism -- References -- Part V Microaggressions: Interventions and Strategies -- 16 Microaggressions: Workplace Interventions -- Diversity Training -- Enhance Awareness of Biases -- Increase Knowledge of Microaggressions -- Discuss the Impact of Microaggressions on Management Decisions and Employee Performance -- What Are Some Effective Leadership Behaviors That Can Help Reduce Microaggressions in the Workplace? -- Not Just for Business: A Case for Addressing Microaggressions -- Systemic Interventions -- Recruitment -- Leadership and Manager Accountability -- Sponsorship -- Mentoring Programs. Employee Resource Groups -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 "Compliments" and "Jokes": Unpacking Racial Microaggressions in the K-12 Classroom -- Critical Race Theory -- Racial Microaggressions as Racism -- Method -- Case #1: "Your vocabulary is extraordinary!" -- Why Are These Comments Racial Microaggressions and Not Compliments? -- Case #2: "I wouldn't want to call you Gandhi by accident or something" -- Why Is This a Racial Microaggression and Not a Joke? -- Case #3: "They don't steal anything, do they?" -- Why Is This a Racial Microaggression and Not a Joke? -- Interventions and Strategies -- Individual Responses to Racial Microaggressions -- Institutional Responses to Racial Microaggressions -- Discussion and Implications -- References -- 18 Microaggressions in Higher Education: Embracing Educative Spaces -- Understanding Hierarchical Microaggressions -- Valuing Based on Role -- Changing Accepted Behavior -- Actions Related to Role -- Terminology -- Microaggressive Intersectionalities -- Background -- About MSU Denver -- Educate the Campus-Systemic Solutions to Microaggressions -- Systematic Practices That Proactively Reduce Microaggressions -- Educate the Workforce-Reactive Solutions to Microaggressions -- Strategies for Individuals to Reduce Microaggressions on Campus -- Conclusion -- References -- Part VI The Future of Microaggression Theory -- 19 Microaggression Theory: What the Future Holds -- Introduction -- Future Areas of Research -- Frameworks and Concepts -- Refinement of the Taxonomy -- Development of Additional Themes -- Intersectionalities -- Research Methods -- Practice -- Prevention -- Intervention -- Media Advocacy -- Conclusion -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- EULA.